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Item Design and numerical investigation of additive manufactured turbocharger(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-23) Muhammad Moiz; Abdul Basit khan; Talha TahirIn this thesis, the progress of turbocharger technology has been reviewed in three main areas: design and modeling, numerical investigation, and manufacturing (oriented towards additive one). The research highlights the need to integrate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and advanced manufacturing methods in the better fuel consumption, power output improvements of turbochargers. Significant studies are available proving the advantages of 3D-CFD codes to optimize turbine blade design and importance of FEA tool in evaluating structural integrity and thermal behavior assessment turbocharger components. Manufacturing technology has taken a turn for the better with additive manufacturing offering the ability to create components in complex geometries and extreme high performance forms at light weight while also providing flexibility in manufacturability. Sem 8 Project - Design of centrifugal compressor and axial turbine using CF turbo, followed by CFD simulations in ANSYS CFX to improve efficiency. These results can be used to create hypothetical 3D models in SolidWorks, as well as detailed FEA (including structural and thermal analyses) for insight into how the coatings may function and hold up over time. This interdisciplinary endeavor, with CFD and FEA on board, working in concert with the world of additive manufacturing (polymers), is spit balling turbocharger design to bring major advancements beyond simply more efficiency and reliability but performance overall.Item Design and manufacturing of vertical axis wind turbine for optimum performance(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-20) Muhammad Asad; Muhammad Mohid; Umer MushtaqGrowing world need for renewable energy sources has generated the implementation of improved wind power conversion systems. In the paper proceeds with a detailed analysis on design and manufacturing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) in order to optimize their performance. The project starts with conceptualizing and developing an elaborate Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model in SolidWorks. After the CAD modelling, a detailed performance analysis for the turbine is carried out in ANSYS CFX. As such, this analysis concentrates on fluid dynamics and structural fidelity of the VAWT operating efficiency due to aerodynamics performance along with mechanical endurance under different levels wind conditions. An innovative feature of this VAWT configuration is the dual generator integration. There's also a wheel mechanism to improve moment of inertia. In addition to providing a level of stability in the turbine rotation, that enhanced surface ensures energy is also converted better and smoother. This study integrates CAD modeling with comprehensive performance evaluation and attractive design optimization to create a more efficient and stable VAWT.Item Indigenous design and development of low-cost portable mechanical cpr machine(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-29) Ihtisham Aurangzaib; Rehab Hanif; M Umair KhanThis project aims to develop a cost-effective CPR machine targeting the healthcare needs of Pakistan’s infrastructure. The proposed device uses mechanical engineering principles together with modern electronics to achieve steady and accurate chest compressions. A crank mechanism that is powered by a 120-watt DC motor is used in the machine; it is controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The crank mechanism transforms the rotational movement of the motor into linear movement which is necessary when talking about automated chest compression. In addition, a Hall effect sensor therefore monitors the speed and position of the rotation so that all those compressions are done at a required rate. Additionally, an OLED display is utilized for real-time monitoring, providing essential data to the operator. The device was tested on a CPR manikin and the results were positive. This device is cost-effective and will be an important addition for emergency rescuers in developing regions like Pakistan. The approach discussed will not only make the CPR machine cheaper but also help in ensuring its correctness as well as dependability while doing lifesaving compressions, making it suitable for a low-resource healthcare environment.Item Design and optimization of a double jacketed kettle with integrated gas geyser to enhanced heating performance(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-19) Husnain Sajjad; Syed Hamza Gillani; Muhammad Usman AnsariDue to rising cost of the energy, many industries like food processing industries, pharmaceutical and chemical industries among others have directed their operations in looking for efficient and sustainable energy hence raising an eyebrow on what is considered by many as an effective wood fired heating system due to its hugeness impacts both socially and fiscally. Conventional approaches to steam heating systems have proven vitality, but, unfortunately, they demand a lot of energy and costs will be high; hence, new strategies are required. This project seeks to improve the efficiency of heating jacketed kettles by replacing the steam heating system by hot water system from gas geysers. Gas geysers are characterizing by a rapid and constant heat output that guarantees the population access to a stable energy source. Through use of gas geysers to warm water, which warms the kettles the project strives at maximizing the advantage of thermal energy in procedures. The design of the system, including the heat exchanger and control strategies, has thoroughly examined. Through modeling and analysis, the thermal, economic, and environmental performances are evaluating. The findings indicate that this gas geyser-based hot water system offers a practical solution for industries with high thermal energy demands, resulting in improved operational costs and lower carbon emissions compared to conventional steam heating methods.Item Design and development of a 5 DOF autonomous exoskeleton arm for enhanced rehabilitation of paralyzed patients(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-13) Muhammad Ammar Arshad; Muhammad Bilal Asad; Ghulam HaiderWith an increase in the population of the world and a vast majority of them aging with the passage of time we need improved methods of rehabilitation. Advancements in the field of robotics has caused massive advancements in the field of biomechanical rehabilitation. Exoskeletons can allow for improvements in the field of rehabilitation by not only reducing the strain on the patients but also reduce the strain felt by physiotherapists. ARULE (Adjustable Rehabilitation Upper Limb Exoskeleton) is an exoskeleton designed for the purpose of rehabilitation while having the versatility to provide physiotherapy for all body types. The exoskeleton design is also portable which makes it a viable option for physiotherapy at home. The Design will utilize a Linear actuator for the adjustment of its arms height. The design will be driven by Servo Motors and will provide us 5 DOF. The exoskeleton will also contain batteries inside in case of a lack of power supply or emergencies. The design will also contain proximity sensors for an emergency shutdown in case the motion exceeds the set parameters.Item Experimental investigations of diesel engine performance using blends of coal to liquid fuel with mineral diesel and analyzing the exhaust emissions of coal derived diesel.(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-30) Muhammad Talha; Manjot Singh; Muhammad AmmarScarcity of mineral resources has led to the exploration of alternate fuels such as coal-to-liquid fuels derived from coal. Specifically, a country like Pakistan, rich in coal reserves and still a developing country, cannot solely depend on fuel imports. This paper provides a thorough examination of the testing process for coal-to-liquid fuels derived from the Thar coal reserves. It includes a feasibility analysis and explores the possibilities of these fuels as environmentally friendly alternatives. This study evaluated a diesel engine's emission profiles and engine performance. Additionally, a comparison between coal-to-liquid blends and standard diesel was conducted. With better emission profiles, the results reveal that coal-to-liquid fuels have comparable characteristics and performance to traditional diesel. In the period of engine testing, parameters are Fuel consumption, braking power, and exhaust gasses including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxides, and nitrogen oxide were noticed and recorded among multiple engine testing parameters. Initial testing of the diesel engine used diesel fuel, and all findings were recorded. Secondly, coal-to-liquid fuel was poured into the fuel measuring system, and the engine was run until parameters were recorded. Third, several CTL blends were made using conventional diesel fuel, and then tested on the same diesel engine. This enabled a thorough evaluation of engine efficiency and emission characteristics when comparing coal-to-liquid fuels, their blends, and traditional diesel. Overall, this report sheds light on the understanding of coal-to-liquid fuels, their potential benefits as an alternative to diesel fuel, and the challenges in producing coal-to-liquid fuel for a clean, green, environmentally friendly future.Item Design and development of an energy-efficient grain dryer system(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-29) Jasim Muhammad Aslam; Muhammad Bilal; Zain UL HassanThis report presents the design and fabrication of solar energy grain dryer which operates efficiently, at a lower cost and environmentally friendly way to dry the grains. Most conventional methods used in drying grains, involve the use of sun-drying which damages the quality of the grains and fossil fuels which is very costly and not eco-friendly. Our project deals with the following problematics: Solar energy is used based on this project since it is renewable and has more potential than any other source of energy. This project outlines the design and characteristics of a renewable energy-based grain dryer system and the general strategies for installing such a system. The traditional techniques of grain drying use power that mostly comes from the non-renewable sources thereby causing harm to the environment besides rising expenses of operation. Thus, to address the aforementioned challenges, the proposed project seeks to venture into a green technology to incorporate renewable energy technologies in the grain drying procedure. Solar collector was constructed in order to use the energy heat energy from the solar rays and provide the heat to the system. Prototype was developed which consisted of a solar collector for the heating means, a blower and a drying chamber. Extensive testing and feedback from the prototype ensured the efficiency and effectiveness. The innovation possess the potential to positively impact the agriculture sector in Pakistan, setting an example of future self-reliance in renewable energy.Item Design, fabrication and analysis of archimedes wind turbine for urban electricity generation(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-16) Abdul Khaliq; Usama Arif; Ahsan NadeemThis report "Design, Manufacturing and Analysis of Archimedes Wind Turbines for Urban Electricity Generation" discusses the development of new wind turbines that would work in an urban environment. The project is on the design of a generator applying the principles of Archimedes, especially in spiral design, to solve problems occurring in an urban setting like limited space and turbulent wind patterns. The present paper gives the theoretical background, detailed design, and manufacturing process of the Archimedes Wind Turbine (AWT). Because it is able to capture the wind coming from all directions, thanks to its spiral shape, it becomes efficient in the urban wind energy conversion compared to horizontal and vertical axes wind turbines. Done with a proper analysis and testing, this report exemplifies how AWT can successfully help alleviate urban energy problems by reducing dependency on natural sources of energy and possibly reducing the environment impacts.Item Design, development, and fabrication of solar-operated power tiller for sustainable farming(UMT Lahore, 2024-08) Jazib Ali; Muhammad Sameer Gul; Mohtaseen RiazThe successful local creation of an inexpensive solar-powered hand-held tiller in Pakistan is showcased in this project, which addresses issues with the agricultural sector of the nation, including high fuel prices, restricted access to contemporary farming equipment and outdated farming techniques. With an emphasis on long-term viability and flexibility to local farming techniques, the collaborative endeavor includes studies design theories and models taken from books and studies, and agrarian manufacturers through stages including ideation, design, testing, and manufacturing. The tiller's effective design and renewable energy mechanism were customized to fit different agricultural activities, making it multi-functional and open to numerous extensions. Incorporating solar system in our tiller creates an entrance of agricultural mechanization with sustainable practices. The project also highlights successful implementation of a design theory and mathematical model created on tiller blade design optimization. L-shaped blades design are implemented to promote soil health and fertility. This tiller is tailored to work in most soil condition and provides a full day of working time thanks to the solar integration. Extensive testing in different conditions ensured its efficiency and effectiveness along with the parts installed. Thus, the innovation has the potential to positively impact the agriculture sector of Pakistan, starting a trend for solar-operated agricultural machinery.Item Lower limb mechanical assistive device for foot drop.(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-23) Fahad Farooq; Muhammad Waqas; Asfand KhanFoot drop is a common condition among people of different age groups caused by damaged nerves in the lower foot area. This condition leads to discomfort and difficulty in walking due to the inability to maintain the foot in the dorsiflexion position during gait, causing the toes to drag. This project aims to provide walking assistance by resisting the foot’s movement from dorsiflexion to plantarflexion during the swing phase. The mechanical AFO, named RevivaFoot, was developed after studying various devices designed to aid walking, resulting in a new solution that mimics the phases of a normal human gait for individuals with foot drop disorder. This study presents the working principles, device analysis, and a simple, reliable, and sophisticated design for foot drop patients.Item Design and development of four-wheel steering system(UMT Lahore, 2024-09) Umair Ali; M Awais Nazir; Hafiz M. HammadThis project proposes design and development of four-wheel steering system. In traditional two-wheel steering system, vehicle requires more space for parking and U-turns because turning radius is larger. But in four-wheel steering system all four wheels can be controlled by steering so turning radius becomes shorter and vehicle becomes more stable. Nowadays well-known vehicle companies have installed four-wheel steering mechanism but it is very expensive and complicated to install in every vehicle. We used mechanical gear mechanism instead of electrical sensors and components. This mechanism is very simple, cost effective and can be installed in almost every vehicle.Item Design, analysis and fabrication of oscillating water column(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-19) Muhammad Umer; Muhammad Talha; Awais Ur RehmanThis project highlights the successful development of oscillating water column (OWC) for wave energy conversion, aiming to address Pakistan’s energy challenges through its extensive coastline. This approach of electricity production minimizes global warming effect by no burning of harmful gases and it also does not affect marine life as there is no moving part submerged into the water. Multiple softwares were used, where we have used SolidWorks to design the turbine, water column, wave generator and main chamber, and along with this, fluid flow analysis was performed using Ansys CFX at 5 m/s where velocity magnitude and pressure distribution was analysed and then in Ansys Fluent tank analysis was performed at 40 and 50 degree tank angle and analysed air flow into the tube. Extensive testing and feedback from the prototype developed and its effectiveness. This innovation has the potential to positively impact the renewable sector in Pakistan, setting an example for future self-reliance in energy development in the region.Item Indigenous design and fabrication of hybrid powered automated drain cleaner(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-15) Muhammad Ammar; Aziz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ubaid AleemThis project presents a Hybrid Powered Automated Drain Cleaner aimed at improving urban waste management by replacing manual cleaning methods. The system integrates robust mechanical, electronic, and control components, including advanced technologies, to ensure efficient and reliable operation. A detailed 3D model and static structural analysis using SolidWorks guided the design process, with iterative testing validating system functionality. Key Performance Indicators such as waste removal efficiency and environmental impact as well as cost feasibility were prioritized. Despite challenges like high initial costs and maintenance needs, the system demonstrates significant advancements in urban sanitation, promoting environmental sustainability and public health.Item Design and fabrication of biomass based briquette (Pellet) making machine(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-21) Fahad Anwar; Abdul Waheed; Abubakar SiddiqueThis project aims to fill the increasing need of sustainable manufacturing processes that led to bio-renewable energy sources for the industries and other areas of environment. So production of pellets are the essential way for this energy as they are easy in handling and transporting. Traditional way of combustion poses environmental and economic challenges due to different reasons like deforestation, high carbon emission and high cost. In this project we propose the design development of a pellet machine on local and small scale, which produce pellets using alternate materials such as cow dung, wood and coal with cow dung. The purpose is to make a sustainable and cost-effective solution which help to minimize the environmental impacts and hazards. The methodology includes design of a machine with adjustable roller diameter and die depth for pellets length. It also includes conducting experimental trial of pellets which one is better and cost effective. Also to analyze the results which one is most efficient and eco-friendly material for pellets production. This project also support with the global sustainability goals which is promoting renewable resources and reduction of deforestation.Item Design, analysis and fabrication of lever-operated multispeed gearbox of rotavator(UMT Lahore, 2024-01) Ismail Mughal; M Yahya Bhatti; M Fahad ButtRotavators are specialized tillage machines that play a crucial role in modern agriculture for soil preparation. Our primary objective is to design and deploy a gearbox assembly that facilitates RPM control at two different speeds, enabling adaptability to different soil hardness levels. This benefits the farmers in better preparation of soil, fuel and time economies. Our goal will be to develop a mechanism for gear shifting using a lever that is easy to manufacture at scale, is cheap and durable. Subsequently, we will discuss the mechanical design considerations governing the gearbox mechanisms and design. Key parameters such as gear ratios, material selection, and structural integrity, emphasizing the need for durability and precision in the manufacturing process will also be discussed. The research methodology incorporates design of different CAD Models and prototyping to assess the performance of various gearbox configurations. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to evaluate stress distribution and identify potential weaknesses, contributing to the refinement of the gearbox design. Additionally, the study investigates novel materials and manufacturing techniques to enhance the strength-to-weight ratio of gearbox components. With our research and development in this field, we aim to provide a robust, efficient and yet a cost-effective method for our farmers to improve their productivity, save on fuel costs, which helps in lowering overall costs of farming.