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Item State of Exception and Augmented Sovereignty(UMT.Lahore, 2022) BebergIn this paper the main idea is State of Exception which is speculated from a historical point of view and analyzed with different cases from its history. The main crux of the paper is to identify how it transformed and to what extent it has been reshaped. The bare life is discussed in context of exception imposed by powerful state.Item Understanding China's Geo-Strategic Interest in the Middle East and Its Impacts on US Hegemony through a Structuralist Perspective(UMT.Lahore, 2022) BilalThis research intends to illustrate China's strategic alignment with the Middle Eastern states for the Belt and Road Initiative's long-term project. The Arab world strongly supports China's driven economic presence in the Persian Gulf to achieve regional peace and progress. Furthermore, the research was motivated by long-term strategic partnerships, sustaining the status quo, and rising as a hegemon in the presence of the US in the regionItem Gender and Politics(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Zainab HameedPakistani women makes up more than half of Pakistan population. They are more in number than men, contributing their services in every sector of the society. The social and economic growth of Pakistan is dependent on women equally as men. Despite this, women are held back from opportunities of equal political participation. Most developed nations in the world have made sure their women are on equal footing with men in decision making and other political participation. Pakistani women faces multidimensional disparities leading to their oppression politically.Item Impact Of Chinese Investment In East African Countries(UMT.Lahore, 2022) MUHAMMAD WAHAJ SHAHIDSince ancient time, China's occurrence has been experienced in the Eastern African continent, but it has increased exponentially from the early 2000s in terms of speculations, trade, and financing framework. Their occurrence in Eastern Africa has assisted the reinvigoration expansion of its financial system, but it also poses majorconfronts. The research seeks to tackle the questions and matters that the China-Eastern Africaexpansionassociationmayfetch and the influence that it might have on Eastern African nations.Item Dollar’s Dilution Challenges Creating a Space for Yuan Internationalization Leading to Diversified Global Monetary System Resulting in Multi-polarity of Currencies(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Haresh KumarThis research presents the overview of the diluting power of the Dollar value faced by different challenges, accompanied by the emergence of the Yuan as an International reserve currency which will provide the world a new diversified Monetary System resulting in multi-polarity of the currencies. The value of dollar itself is being destroyed by the US through implementing sanctions upon different nations such as North Korea, Iran, Russia and China etc. and freezing their foreign exchange reserves.Item Evaluation of IMF Lending Policies: A Case Study of Pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Zainab Mazhar HussainThis study briefly evaluates the IMF lending Policies which has been given to Pakistan. Pakistan is the prolong user of IMF finance resources from last 60 years and loans were approved under Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP) which improved the economic situation of recipient countries but it does not have a long-term impact on GDP growth rate of Pakistan. These Structural Adjustments programs consists on some stringent conditions including, reduction in subsidies, increasing taxes on public enterprises, devaluation of currency, reduction of tariffs on imports, limiting the government interference in economic matters, and promotion of privatization.Item Artificial Intelligence as a tool for Supremacy through a Neo Marxist Perspective(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Syeda Masooma SabzwariThe study investigates how Artificial Intelligence is a tool used by the capitalists in their favor. The study looks at Artificial Intelligence machine learning and deep learning from the Neo Marxist perspective. The social political and economic paradigms are explored with the influence of Artificial Intelligence in different sectors of society. Artificial Intelligence powers techno feudalism and people themselves become the powerhouse of data for the structures built in Artificial Intelligence to fuel capitalism and the elites.Item Formation of AUKUS and Its Impacts in Indo-Pacific Region(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Mansoor Ahmed (The aim of this research paper is to explore the importance of Indo-Pacific or Asia Pacific region. Geo-economics and geo-political is a prominent strategies which bring China and the United States to a competition in the region. The United States is more inclined towards regional alliances to contained China’s regional dominancy. Furthermore, a trilateral alliance among Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States called AUKUS pact provide nuclear powered submarine to Australia. This initiative creates the environment of instability and arms race in the Indo-Pacific. This strategic competition between the US and China can be best viewed through IR theory “Balance of Power”.Item China’s Afghan Policy(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Mian Muhammad Raza RabaniThe United States has remained active in Afghanistan for the last two decades making a major chunk of the economic and strategic assets of the country. The Taliban regime made a great resistance to the western approach. The existence of the US and the NATO forces was a major threat to China as well. Now, after its withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 a vacuum has been created in the region. This vacuum created opportunity and threat at the same time for China. China paid close attention to the war torn country.Item Dynamics of Barelvi Political Activism in Pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2022) WASIF HASSANThis research aims to analyze the dynamics of Barelvi political activism with a case study of Tehreek e Labbaik and Pakistan Awami Tehreek. Both these parties belong to the same Barelvi sect yet they have huge differences when it comes to support of people. TLP is the fifth largest party in Pakistan while PAT is a name unknown to the majority of people in Pakistan. This paper aims to focus on the reasons why TLP was able to gain the confidence of a majority of people which PAT could notItem Uncovering Bias: A Comparative Study of Western Media Reporting of Israel-Palestine and Russia-Ukraine Conflicts(UMT.Lahore, 2022) ABUHURAIRA AZHARMedia bias can have huge impacts on conflicts around the world and can further worsen the situation. The Western media is often blamed to be biased in its reporting and coverage of conflicts. This paper uses the Israel-Palestine conflict and the Russia-Ukraine conflict to form a comparative analysis of media coverage and narratives to study media biases. News reports and articles from the New York Times, Fox News, and CNN are used to compare their different takes on the selected conflicts. This paper has found the Western media to be biased against Palestine in case of the Israel-Palestine conflict and biased against Russia in case of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The New York Times have been found to be the most biased among the three selected media outlets of the West.Item Inclusion and exclusion in Pakistan’s educational discourse: Construction of Militaristic National identity(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Mubasher MustafaThis article discusses the narratives of history that are presented in the textbooks of Pakistan. Since partition of Indian subcontinent and Pakistan independence on the name of religion the policy makers of Pakistan have justified Pakistan existence through history by selectively rewriting the past. The focus is on how some aspects and personalities of history are included in the educational discourse and how others are omitted. Also how historical events and personalities have been used to build a militaristic national character and how it rears extremism.Item Is India on the road to becoming the Hindu Rashtra? A Communal Political Perspective(UMT.Lahore, 2022) Abdul RehmanThe 21st century has witnessed Hindutva to become a more powerful force than it has ever been. Hindu nationalism is also shifting and evolving in unexpected and substantial ways, forcing us to rethink and reinterpret our current perspectives. Along with the development of Hindutva and right-wing Hindu organizations, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was seen as the most powerful political party in the record-breaking 2014 elections. This thesis will investigate several facets of Hindutva's and the BJP's communal politics' concurrent expansion