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Item Entrepreneurial potential(UMT, Lahore, 2013) Rashid MinhasItem Entrepreneurial intentions among pakistani female university students(UMT, Lahore, 2013) Asia BibiThe importance of entrepreneurship cannot be denied at any level of the life both at individual as well as at national or even at global levels. Attracting public at large towards entrepreneurial ventures not only triggers economic growth but also contributes towards eliminating unemployment, helps to meet challenges in global marketplace, promote advancement in technology and automation etc. This depends upon entrepreneurial attributes, entrepreneurial intentions and the overall process of entrepreneurship to a large extent. Universe is becoming open to everyone. World is dwindling to a global village and everyone wants to explore and grasp economic opportunities. Entrepreneurship is of great interest for researchers. Entrepreneurship has been explored from different schools of thought and from different perspectives. Researchers are also interested to check the ratio of people who have entrepreneurial intentions and wanted to run their own businesses. Institutes and different organizations are also playing their role to promote entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities. This trend has also been tested on gender bases and in different cultures and contexts. Women entrepreneurship is particularly focused by many researchers as their contribution to economic activities can further enhance economic groAvth. Females are almost half of the world population. This ratio is not different in Pakistan as well. Current study mainly focuses on the entrepreneurial intentions of female students more importantly female students studying in MBA program at university level. Instrument used for the purpose was originally designed by The Rural Entrepreneurship Initiative, the predecessor of the Centre for Rural Entrepreneurship. Universities' entrepreneurial education practices, entrepreneurial research practices, and their resources to support entrepreneurship have also been investigated. Population for the current study was four universities in Lahore where female students are studying business education. Questionnaires were sent to 500 female students of universities of Lahore. Out of these 500 questionnaires, only 270 questionnaires found correct by all means. Statistical technique one-way ANOVA has been applied by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the study show very weak and insignificant relationship between the independent and dependent variables with some minor differences among universities. The study recommends that the same study may be conducted using some other factors both on the university as well as female side. The same study may be conducted in a longitudinal way. Entrepreneurial intentions of female students before staring MBA program, during MBA program and after completing the degree. This will exactly show the role universities are playing towards this. It is also worth to notify that this particular study has been conducted in Pakistan, especially in Lahore area. The scope of the study may be broadened to other eities, provinces or countries as well. It is also recommended that universities' policy makers especially curriculum and resource planners should look for some other ways to support entrepreneurial intentions among students especially female students.Item Impact of Knowledge Management Practices and Human Capital on Organizational Performance(UMT.Lahore, 2013-02) Khalid MahmoodPrevalent competitive era has highlighted the importance of Knowledge as an important organizational resource. Its effective management is considered to be an antecedent to success, hence making the subject a ‘hot button’ for the practitioners and researchers. However, the domain of research has mostly been restricted to profit sector. Due to its peculiar context and secrecy compulsions, the research in the Armed Forces is sparse. This study, while not touching the red lines, is first of its kind in Pakistan that broadly investigates the impact of knowledge management practices and human capital on the organizational performance of Pakistan Security Forces. Due to current challenges to Low Intensity Conflict being faced by Pakistan Security Forces, where the adversary is under the curtains and operational environment are complex and multi-dimensional, Pakistan Security Forces now need an informative and a thinking soldier, i.e. who is innovative and creative to fight this menace. To lead such a body of troops, their superior officers are ought to be knowledgeable, skillful and embedded with leadership traits who can ensure performance differences.Item Effect of Paternalistic and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Citizenship Behavior mediating by Culture among FMCG’s Organizations in Pakistani Context(UMT.Lahore, 2013-11) Fatima MazharIn the past, there were many kinds of the Western leadership theories like transformational leadership (TL) that provided a lot of help and inspiration. On the basis of cultural differences the people of the East strive to develop paternalistic leadership (PL) style which reflects their own society’s culture. This thesis contributed to the existing knowledge by investigating the relationship between PL, TL and OCB mediating by culture and subordinate-supervisor relationship (potential variable). The present study began by providing an overview of above mentioned concepts. It then looked into the importance of context for the application of different leadership styles to achieve the organizational citizenship behavior by highlighting different past research in addition to this. An explanatory and quantitative research approach was used. The self-administered questionnaire was conducted for data collecting. Hundred employees participated in this study through convenience sampling. To test the hypotheses, regression analysis, formula for regression coefficients and SOBEL test were applied. The results showed that TL and PL had significant positive relationships with OCB but PL is highly valuable in Eastern context which showed culture played moderating role between leadership styles and OCB. Supervisor subordinate relationship also mediated the leadership OCB link. The findings suggest that people teaching leadership or acting in leadership roles in Pakistan need to develop a clear understanding of the particular values of their own country, rather than assuming that all worldwide cultures are exactly alike. It is recommended that supervisors in both national and multinational organizations need to do their best to sustain a transformational and paternalistic relationship with their subordinates. They can achieve this by exchange involvement with their subordinates, which ultimately will increase the supervisor-subordinate relationships which promote the OCB.Item A study of Most Important Determinant of Job Performance(UMT.Lahore, 2013-02) Zeeshan HassanJob Performance is a widely spread phenomenon in organizational context. There are many studies that have conducted on measuring job performance that widening the literature circle of human resource management. This study mainly focused on exploration of supervisor’s perceived job performance in the field of construction. There are mainly 19 different supervisor’s skills found from literature those have impact on perceived job performance. Current study primarily seeks the most relevant job skills of construction supervisor among the literature skills. For this purpose interview of construction managers conducted who are working under Pakistan Engineering Council registered companies. A pilot study was conducted to establish internal consistency of the tailor made questionnaire. Population for the current study was construction supervisors working under Pakistan Engineering Council construction companies. Questionnaires were sent to 300 supervisors in 40 different construction organizations and after scrutiny data received from 25 organizations was found correct. According to theoretical model designed for this particular study 19 literature job skills was condensed through interview into 9 job skills of construction supervisors. Factor analysis as statistical technique used for finding out the important factors. The results obtained show that communication skill among team member is most important skill for construction supervisor. Whereas decision making skill remain important at second, creativity and political skills are important for construction supervisor at number three and four respectively. It is found that there are other ways of measuring job performance i.e. role based job performance which is one of the main limitation of the study. It is recommended to perform the same study on role based job performance to highlight the most important job role of construction supervisors.