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Item Self-balancing bicycle(UMT Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Faizan Akbar; Ahmad ShoaibMost bicycle accidents on roads occur due to loss of balance and control, resulting in severe injuries. It also makes the ride unsafe. A solution to this problem is to make the bicycle balance itself at various angles and velocities. In recent years, self-balancing in bicycles has been achieved through technologies like steering control, mass balancing, and Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) that are expensive as well as consume more energy. In this project, a reaction wheel technique is used to achieve self-balancing at different tilt angles and develop a better control. The reaction wheel technique uses less power and can be further improved to balance the bicycle at large tilt angles.Item SDR-based search and rescue communication system using LPWAN technology(UMT Lahore, 2023-05) KHADEEJA TARIQ; HAMZA AHMADCurrent research is focused on the issue of through-wall human monitoring in a crowded setting. Through-wall sensing aims to inform people in situations when they must find, locate, and identify things or persons inside of structures. The information at the signal level contains a picture of the structure's layout as well as the position, speed, and motion path of important objects. Examples of applications include law enforcement, disaster response, terrorist attacks, mining, catastrophes, structural failure, and urban military operations. In this project, a radar system to transmit FMCW signal is designed using Software Defined Radio (SDR) or USRP N210, which offers a cost-effective high bandwidth and high-dynamic range processing capabilities. After reaching the walls, the USRP transmitter signal is reflected and picked up by a second USRP receiver antenna hidden behind the wall. GNU Radio is used to generate the simulated FMCW transmitter and receiver graphs. Following a micro-doppler classification, the object in front of or behind the wall that is in the electromagnetic wave's path is identified. This information is then sent to other USRPs. For through-the-wall detection, where a sophisticated communication system is an Important Factor, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is also employed to communicate with the Rescue Teams about the individual who is buried beneath the rubble. The Arduino IDE Environment is used to program the Lora HTCC AB01. The Lora HTCC AB01 file has been imported into GNU Radio. A reliable support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier and a successful feature extraction method that makes use of a time-frequency conversion are suggested to identify non-stationary micro-motion patterns.Item Appliance energy prediction in a low energy house using machine learning and deep learning(UMT Lahore, 2023) Ahmad Yasin; Ahmar AminThe rising environmental concerns and the necessity for sustainable living have led to a significant increase in the demand for energy-efficient housing. As a result, accurately predicting the energy consumption of appliances has become crucial for optimizing energy usage and reducing costs. This research paper investigates the utilization of machine learning and deep learning methods to forecast energy usage of household appliances in a low-energy residence. The primary aim is to improve energy efficiency by achieving higher prediction accuracy and optimization.Item Design star delta starter trainer for machine lab(UMT Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Ahmad Saeed; Feroz Ahmad KhanThe star-delta starter with timer is a widely used electrical control mechanism for starting and controlling three-phase induction motors. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the construction, operation and benefits of this starter configuration. The star-delta starter uses a unique transition process that enables smooth and controlled starting of motors, especially in applications with high starting torque requirements. The system operates in two distinct phases: a star configuration for reduced-voltage starting, followed by a delta configuration for full voltage operation. This dual configuration allows the motor to start with reduced current and torque, minimizing electrical and mechanical stress during the starting phase. A key feature of this system is timer integration, which provides enhanced functionality and flexibility. The timer allows users to choose between automatic and manual control modes. In automatic mode, the timer allows a delayed switch from star to delta configuration, ensuring a safe and gradual transition. This feature prevents excessive current surges and reduces the impact on the power supply during the start-up phase. Manual mode allows operators to manually control the transition from star to delta, providing greater control and customization options for specific engine applications. The timer also features an adjustable delay setting that allows users to optimize the time delay according to motor characteristics and load requirements. This article will delve into the detailed working principles of star delta timer starter, explaining the various components, their interconnections and the logic behind the control circuits. The benefits of this starter configuration, such as improved motor life, energy efficiency and reduced wear, will also be discussed. In addition, the article will explore real-world applications where timer star-delta starter is commonly used, including industrial machinery, pumps, fans, and compressors. The benefits of this starter configuration in terms of cost savings, reliability and engine performance will be highlighted. In conclusion, star-delta starter with timer provides a robust and efficient solution for controlling three-phase induction motors. Its unique design, incorporating a timer for automatic and manual control, offers increased safety, flexibility and customized operation. Implementing this starter configuration can significantly improve engine performance, extend engine life, and reduce maintenance costs in a variety of industrial and commercial applications.Item Secure image transmission in android(UMT Lahore, 2023-06) Abdul Raheem Rauf; Intesab Mohi-ud-DinThis Final Year Project, entitled "Secure Image Transmission in Android: Enhancing Data Security with AES Encryption Algorithm," presents an innovative approach to maintaining image data security in Android applications. As an increasing amount of sensitive information is shared via images on various platforms, the need for robust and reliable security measures has become paramount. Our project aims to address this critical concern by integrating AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) Encryption Algorithm into a Python Kivy-based Android application, providing a secure means of transmitting images. The application developed as part of this project is designed to encrypt images before transmission, thus adding an additional layer of security and minimizing potential data leaks. The AES CBC algorithm was chosen for its strong security track record and ability to effectively encrypt image data. It works by dividing the image into block data, encrypting the first block using an encryption key, and then encrypting subsequent blocks using the cipher of the previous block, thereby maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of the transmitted image. In addition to ensuring the safe transmission of images, the application also offers the feature to decrypt the received images using the same AES CBC algorithm, ensuring the integrity of the received data and its coherent reconstruction into the original image. Through the successful implementation of this project, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of AES CBC Encryption Algorithm for secure image transmission in Android environment. This development not only promotes data privacy but also opens the door for potential applications in various sectors requiring secure image transmission, such as healthcare, defense, and digital forensics. The application, while demonstrating practical and immediate usability, also sets a foundation for future research and development in secure data transmission, potentially integrating more complex and efficient encryption algorithms or broader data types.Item Dual axis solar tracking system(UMT Lahore, 2023-12-19) Muhammad Asif Majeed; Muhammad HusnainBy dynamically orienting solar panels towards the location of the sun during the day, the dual-axis solar tracking system is intended to maximize the energy generation efficiency of solar panels. Without using any copied material, this abstract gives a succinct explanation of the dual-axis solar tracking system. Light sensors, such as LDRs or photodiodes, are used in the system to measure the intensity of the sunlight in two dimensions. A microcontroller, generally an Arduino Uno, processes the sensor data before controlling servo motors that move the solar panel in both the azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) axes. By continuously adjusting the position of the solar panel based on the sensor readings, the system ensures that the panel is aligned perpendicular to the incoming sunlight, maximizing the captured solar energy. This dual-axis tracking capability allows for optimal solar panel orientation throughout the day, resulting in increased energy production compared to fixed-mounted systems. The power output of the dual-axis solar tracking system is 158.4, while the non tracking system has a power output of 30.94. This means that, in the same location and under similar conditions, the dual-axis tracking system generates approximately 5 times more power than the non-tracking system. The project involves the design, integration, and calibration of the sensors, motors, and microcontroller. It also includes mechanical assembly and mounting of the solar panel and motors on a sturdy frame that enables movement in two axes. The system's performance is evaluated through testing and optimization to maximize energy output under varying light conditions. The dual-axis solar tracking system offers significant advantages in increasing solar energy generation, improving overall system efficiency, and maximizing the return on investment for solar installations. Its abstract nature allows for easy integration into various solar panel configurations, making it adaptable to different sizes and types of solar projects.Item Antenna tracker for drones(UMT Lahore, 2023-06) Mian Muhammad Umair; Muhammad Aqib ZahoorUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as drones, rely on antenna tracking because it enhances communication between the drone and base station. A mobile antenna installed on the drone and a ground station antenna make up the antenna tracker system, which continually tracks the drone's position and modifies its direction to maintain a strong signal. An overview of antenna tracker technology, including its operating principles, system components, and UAV applications, is given in this study. We also go through the advantages of employing antenna trackers for drones, such as better range, more dependable communication, and improved safety. In our final section, we look at a few of the difficulties that antenna tracking systems face, such as system complexity, cost, and integration with other drone technologies. As a whole, this paper emphasizes the value of antenna tracking technology for creating secure, dependable, and efficient drone systems and lays the groundwork for future study and development in this field.Item Intelligent robotic arm for cleaning and disinfecting instruments(UMT Lahore, 2023-01) Usama Afzal; Humair AnwarToday, the use of Automatic Robotic Arms for sanitization is spreading around the globe. Sanitation and sterility are two fundamental elements of any part of the internal environment, and the Covid-19 pandemic has made these two characteristics more critical. An automatic robotic arm for sanitation could be a robot that uses machine learning algorithms to identify areas or objects with an impurity to sanitize and then uses a robotic arm to apply cleaning agents or disinfectants to those areas. The sensors are stacked in the arm to identify or sense the object and signal it to command the nozzle to spray sanitizer at the aimed material. The detection part makes full use of the deep-learning technique to process the object and perform the subsequent coordinated commands of the Robotic arm. This whole scheme propounds the usage of Artificial Intelligence in a frame to provide aid to humans. The Robotic arm is programmed in such a manner to be worthwhile in a variety of ways, such as in hospitals, public areas, homes, etc. It had designed to remove obstacles in the cleaning process of particular objects and can move in any space as it's not fixed.Item Vehicle collision avoidance system using LIDAR(UMT Lahore, 2023-08-02) Bilal Babar; Bilal ZunairThe project focuses on enhancing vehicle safety through the implementation of a collision avoidance system using LIDAR technology. A LIDAR sensor is employed to detect surrounding obstacles in real-time, enabling effective obstacle avoidance. Complemented by an ESP32 for precise object detection, the system ensures accurate identification and tracking of potential collision hazards. In the event of an imminent collision, a buzzer is utilized to deliver timely auditory warnings to the driver, prompting immediate corrective action. Through the integration of LIDAR, ESP32, and the buzzer, a comprehensive and proactive collision avoidance mechanism is achieved. The system's real-time capabilities and reliable object recognition contribute to elevated road safety standards. This project showcases the synergy between advanced sensing technologies and intelligent warning systems, culminating in an innovative approach to preventing accidents and reducing collision risks on the road.Item CNC based engraving machine(UMT Lahore, 2023-01) Waleed Mukhtiar; Abu Bakar AzamSo CNC base engraving machines have revolutionized the field of engraving that gives the unparalleled precision versatility and a good area of creative possibilities. This also has benefits of CNC in green machines shedding light on their significance in various industries. CNC technology has transformed traditional engraving processes by combining automated control system with vision a shining capabilities and CNC waging machine utilized computer programmers to direct the moment of cutting close running for the state and complex design to be edged onto a very good range of material with exceptional accuracy. The engraving machines find very good application in numerous industries that is for woodworking metalworking and jeweler making etc. this is used to cut the plastic wood and metal glass and stone make sense in green machine indispensable for customizing products. In conclusion the CNC engraving machines have good engraving industry providing unmatched precision versatility and creative possibilities. These machines have become very indispensable tool in various industries and it is cause effective solution for personalized products.Item Development of smart energy meter for smart homes(UMT Lahore, 2023-04) M Junaid Aslam; M Rehan TahirThis report will show the procedures that we carried out to implement a “Phase Controlled Energy Meter with Smart Monitoring Structure” as our senior design project. Our system has two parts one is Phase Selection to remove human errors and second is Monitoring infrastructure which is useful for smart monitoring. Our system measures the consumption of power and related factors like voltage, current and power. Also, the system will provide easy coordination and protection from Under and Over Voltage Protection with Over Current and two-way communication when we desired which took place between the electrical company and the consumer. This will be get by managing a smart and user controlled interfacing application using Internet of Things Support which is accessed by both Server or Application. Technique has been proposed to Achieve Energy Management by removing Human errors and smart control. In this project, Arduino and ESP32 as controllers to compute data in form of required signal by following a special firmware controller which is used to control the setup which is working and compiling during the calculations. Energy Meter is designed by using the Voltage and Current Sensors with controller to get desired Units in form Kilo Watt Hours. Relay Module is used to Controlee the phase and Both parts are controlled via microcontrollers. Supplier and Consumer both are connected with the communicational designed system which is helpful for both in terms of Information and related quarries.Item Autonomous swarm drone(UMT Lahore, 2023-06) Ehitsham Ishaq; Shazeb AshfaqSwarm drones have attracted a lot of interest recently because of their ability to carry out a variety of activities more effectively and efficiently than conventional single drones. A swarm drone system that is capable of autonomous navigation and can carry out activities like search and rescue, surveillance, and environmental monitoring is the goal of this research project. Multiple drones that can communicate with one another and adjust to environmental changes will make up the system. Modern tools like computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence will be used to create the suggested swarm drone system. The efficiency with which the swarm drones can carry out their jobs and their ability to perform better than conventional single drone systems. The project's success will be measured based on the swarm drones' ability to efficiently complete tasks and demonstrate improved performance compared to traditional single drone.Item Computer vision based vehicle collision avoidance system(UMT Lahore, 2023-10-30) Muhammad Tayyab; Hameel ZafarComputer Vision based Vehicle Collision Avoidance System (CV-VCAS) is a technology that uses computer vision to detect and avoid collisions with other vehicles on the road. The system uses cameras and machine learning algorithms to detect and track other vehicles in the vicinity, and then uses this information to predict and prevent collisions. The main goal of CV-VCAS is to increase the safety of all road users by reducing the number of collisions caused by human error. The system can detect and track other vehicles in real-time, even in adverse weather conditions or low-light environments. This allows the vehicle to take appropriate evasive action to avoid a collision, such as braking or steering. The system is capable of doing three main tasks which are to detect the object, detect the lane markings on the road and to track the object. The system is based on a combination of computer vision and machine learning techniques. The cameras installed on the vehicle capture images of the environment, and these images are then processed by a machine learning algorithm to detect and track other vehicles and detect the on road lane markings. The algorithm uses a combination of image processing and object detection techniques to accurately detect and track vehicles in the scene. Once other vehicles have been detected and tracked, the system uses predictive algorithms to estimate the future position of the vehicles and determine if a collision is likely to occur. If a collision is predicted, the system will take evasive action, such as braking or steering, to avoid the collision. CV-VCAS has the potential to significantly improve road safety by reducing the number of collisions caused by human error. The system can also be integrated with other advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) such as lane departure warning and adaptive cruise control, to provide a more comprehensive safety solution.Item Automatic book picking robot from library(UMT Lahore, 2023) Muzzamal Irfan; Ibtesam AzizA library is a collection of books. As library grows, the number of books in it gets multiple and so the labor work required for it also gets more. To find a specific book in an appropriate place is very difficult so we proposed a library book picking robot that picks a book from shelf and gives it back to the user. Book picking robot is predefined to follow the path and maintain the arrangements of book. To automate the process of picking up the book we made a robotic gripper that has some degree of freedom which picks the book and places book back to its original position. Here are the books placed in the racks which has been given position according to the RFID tags so in just case if user wants to return the book, the robot will place back the book back to its actual position. The Robot is more friendly and high performing. The robot will pick the book and place backs to its position. In this project we used the main components that are Arduino mega(ATmega2560), Robotic servo gripper, RFID tag reader on the robot, Keypad to give the rack command, programming.Item Electronic voting machine(UMT Lahore, 2023) Shahbaz Bin Javed; Zain AbidIn any democratic region, voting is an important part of society to reflect people’s thinking about a right candidate. Basically, voting system is conducted in distributed or centralized area which is called polling booths. The aim of this project is to create an advanced electronic voting machine that would help to record votes in place of ballot papers and will use to eradicate defrauding of the manual voting system. This project will address its safety in light of related election procedures and this project will emphasize the machine’s function and effectiveness in detail. EVM will compel with the biometric fingerprint sensor which will check and recognize the database of voters and will allow voters to cast their vote for their preferred candidate from the panel. The voter’s data will be saved in EVM and will convey the message about the information of the voter to the main system and will be easily accessible to the people, who belong from the different regions. The plus point of EVM is that the results are easily accessible at the end of the voting period. Last but not least benefit of EVM is that it will allow one person to cast his/her vote once during the period of the election.Item Power mixing using Bi-directional Hybrid Dc to Dc converter(UMT Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Sameer Arif; Muhammad Wajih ZulfiqarElectric cars have always been a luxury only a selected few could afford. And with the invention of autonomous electric vehicles the cost has skyrocketed. The main factor that contributes to its high cost apart from it being autonomous is the use of lithium ion batteries. Even though lead acid batteries are cheaper they are not used due to Peukert’s law, which states that the rate of discharge of a lead acid battery is inversely proportional to the capacity. We rebutting this law through power mixing between Super Capacitors and Lead acid batteries. We achieved this power mixing through the use of a Bi-Directional DC to DC Buck Boost Converter, as a result this procedure we have successfully provided a cheaper alternative to the already used Lithium ion batteries used in electric cars today.Item Wind farm layout optimization for maximizing output power by varying turbine hub height using genetic algorithm(UMT Lahore, 2023) Rabia AlviThe current focus in the energy community is optimizing wind farm designs, with ongoing research enhancing power generation and minimizing wake impact. Factors like base location, rotor diameter and maintaining a consistent total number of wind turbines remain constant. Using genuine wind speed data from the Jhampir region in Pakistan's Sindh province (considering Hydro Power China power plant as a case study), this study applies the Jensen wake model to compute wakes of downwind turbines. It introduces a novel approach, employing a genetic algorithm for wind farm design optimization, considering ideal hub parameters and a simulation model for the wake effect. Simulating the wake impact using the Jensen technique and local wind and geographical data, the research reveals that, despite maintaining the same number of wind turbines, a wind farm's power production increases considerably with varying wind turbine hub heights. Various cost models are considered, indicating that wind turbines with diverse hub heights can lower the electricity cost per unit in a wind farm. The study concludes by exploring wind farm located in Jhampir region (Hydro Power China), highlighting the benefits of operating turbines with varying hub heights in realistic scenarios for maximizing energy yield.Item Dc-Dc converter solution for uninterrupted air-conditioning(UMT Lahore, 2023-02-27) Abdul Wahab; Yasir IbrahimThe investigation of creative solutions that make use of renewable energy sources has been motivated by the rising need for uninterruptible power supply in air-conditioning systems. This project presents a DC-DC boost converter solution created to supply air conditioning systems with a steady and uninterrupted power source. The initiative seeks to overcome the drawbacks of conventional power sources and advance sustainability by utilizing renewable energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The DC-DC Buck-Boost converter, which effectively transforms lower input voltages from renewable energy sources to the higher output voltage required by the air conditioning system, is the main part of the suggested solution. The converter assures compliance with the voltage needs of the air conditioning system with a target output voltage of 360 volts. To fulfil the power requirements of the air-conditioning system, the converter is also built to deliver a steady current of 10 Ampere. The DC-DC boost converter is built into a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) as we go into the prototype stage. The prototype is made to increase input voltages between 12 and 60 volts. To provide the best performance and safety, the PCB layout and component choice are thoroughly thought out. The prototype efficiently transforms the input voltage, which ranges from 12 to 60 volts. Additionally, it provides a constant 5 Ampere output current. The project includes several important components. A thorough literature research and evaluation of existing solutions served as the foundation for the choice and design of the DC-DC boost converter. The input voltage range, output voltage range, maximum current, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness are all considered. A thorough process is created, covering hardware setup, component selection, system design, and implementation. The implementation and experimentation phase includes extensive testing and assessment. The DC-DC boost converter system consists of a converter, a PV array, and an air conditioning system. The system is tested for stability, efficiency, and reliability as well as for voltage control, current supply, and the ability to maintain an uninterrupted power supply during both normal operation and power outages. Experimental data is obtained, reviewed, and compared against the project's objectives to gauge the implementation's effectiveness.