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Item Efficient shortest path routing in computer communication networks using neural network and heuristic algorithm(UMT.Lahore, 2011) Farah SarwarComputer Networks are a breakthrough in current communication technologies providing an always-on and ubiquitous connectivity to virtually millions of users with the score still mounting up. This increased usage strongly requires enhancement in network infrastructure and improvements in management to facilitate users with better quality services. As the rate of users, who are transmitting data through a network link, increases the quality of service has to be compromised if not improved. Routing, which is a major aspect of this domain, has significant impact on the effectiveness of Communication Systems. Enhanced technologies should be introduced to let the system assist problems in a better way, preventing data loss and degradation in quality. Efficient routing algorithm should strive for the most appropriate and shortest path to route data through a network. Prior information of routers and data links, which helps to create paths, is required in almost every technique. A search algorithm, exploiting the properties of mathematical routing algorithm as well as of heuristics, can compute shortest path between given pair of routers more efficiently. On the other hand artificial intelligence can be very helpful in this domain. Artificial Neural networks, a domain of artificial intelligence, have found their way in engineering as well as Medical Sciences. The particular adaptive ability of neural networks for dynamic situations becomes a strongest feature which renders it best suitable for dynamic systems. John Hopfield used this feature and found their application in NP-complete optimization problems. Therefore, neural networks similar to Hopfield’s can also help to enhance shortest path computational techniques in routing. A* search algorithm and neural network are used to find shortest routes for unicast routing problems. Computer simulations are used to analyze and compare the results for different network sizes. A* search algorithm outperforms the neural network so far; however, limitations of neural networks are discussed.Item Bandwidth and subscriber estimation in uplink and downlink for multi class single cell users in mobile wimax(UMT.Lahore, 2011) UMAIR SHAHIDThe fundamentals required for steady growth of broadband wireless remain constant. According to the Ericsson’s official predictions, the global market of broadband connectivity will be around 320 million users by the end of this decade. The issues related with increased Deployment of WiMAX gives rise to issues related to QoS and Scalability. A unique methodology has been adopted to maximize the number of users per sector for multi-traffic users which include both Residential class as well as the Business class. The approach makes use of the Useful Bandwidth Estimations and implements an algorithm to provide a solution to QoS byrestricting the number of users according to Bandwidth allocated in both Uplink and Downlink directions. A modernize methodology to compute the system’s actual throughput and a traffic model for diverse application users are proposed with a step by step depiction to derive an algorithm to determine the maximum number of subscribers that each specific Mobile WiMAX sector may support. The results are shown using Matlab which intakes various system parameters along with Service class parameters and show the results in terms of the maximum number of users supported along with UL and DL bandwidth demanded and capacity available. The presented methodology would help those operators that plan to implement a wide coverage network in a city. Using the presented methodology, service providers will be in a position to estimate the exact number of base stations and hence the network investment and profitability.Item Process analysis and feasibility study on using biodiesel for electricity generation(UMT.Lahore, 2011) Mehwish MujahidThe University has on-campus unutilized nearly twenty eight gallons of waste cooking oil that could be used more efficiently as biofuel. The waste cooking oil could turn into something that is economically efficient helping University power their generators and also be used as an educational asset to the University. If efficiently used, the waste cooking oil could become multifaceted in that it will benefit the University.The primary focus is to design a system in which the waste vegetables can be converted into Biodiesel .It is intended that this Biodiesel produced may ultimately be a fuel source for thepower generation from the generators.The procedure includes survey of electricity and diesel cost, preparation of biodiesel from fresh and waste vegetable oil, analysis of biodiesel , comparison of cost and energy efficiency by running generators.