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Item Impacts of covid-19 on construction industry of pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Sachal Bin Ajmal; Abdul Raffae; H. M. Tajdar Omer; Zain AliImpact of COVID-19 on Construction Industry of Pakistan The construction industries worldwide are slowly restoring after the lifting of lockdowns amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Although few articles have been published related to the impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry in other countries, much is yet to be known regarding the current impact in Pakistan. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan’s construction industry and to help them mitigate in future for any similar pandemic. The financial crisis brought by the virus has hit a lot of associations throughout Pakistan. Construction projects throughout Pakistan have been risking in different manners by the pandemic and many projects have shut. Thus, there has been a financial downturn in the construction industry and has resulted in unemployment. With everything being considered, the circumstance has caused incredible concern, vulnerability, and agitation in the construction industries. This paper additionally clarifies how it is feasible to proceed with construction work in the present circumstance. When the construction work proceeds, the financial slump will be diminished, and unemployment will be decreased. From the findings of this paper, the major impact includes delay in completion of projects, unavailability of raw materials and increase in crime rate.Item An experimental study of strengthening of rcc beams through gfrp(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Azeem; Muhammad Raees Tahir; Malik Feroz Masood Khan; Muhammad HaseebWorldwide researches are being conducted regarding the use of FRP sheets in the retrofitting and strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. FRP is very effective way to strengthen and increase lifespan of a structure. It is an economical way of strengthening the structures. It is considered as the most suitable and advanced method as compared to the previous traditional method of strengthening and retrofitting. Experimental investigations are being carried out regarding the failure pattern of RCC beams wrapped in GFRP sheet. Externally supported RCC beams by using an epoxy were subjected to centre point loading system. The beams are subjected to 100 Ton Universal Testing Machine under the constant rate of deflection. Total of six beams were casted out of which three beams are considered as control samples of strength 18 MPa, 21 MPa and 25 MPa and other three are GFRP wrapped beams having same strength. Experimental data on load and stroke(deflection) and failure mode of each beam is obtained and shown in the form of graphs. The detailed procedure on casting of beams, strengthening of beams and applications of GFRP sheet in field is also added. The effect of the layer of the GFRP sheet, its orientation and its thickness due to the load applied is also investigated in this research work.Item Analytical study of strengtheining of rcc beam through steel sheets(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Usman Yaseen; Muhammad Abubakar; Umair Sohail; Alamgir KhanOver the top exhaustion crumbling is experienced more often than not when auxiliary components Reinforced Concrete are exposed to loadings. That stresses the longing to fortify just as improve the exhaustion execution and broaden the weakness life of RC auxiliary segments especially shafts. Steel Sheets has turned into a generally utilized method during the most recent couple of decades, fortifying of cement basic components by where high quality is required for conveying substantial loads or fixing is done because of weakness splitting, disappointment modes and additionally erosion. This paper surveys different parts of RC bars fortified with Steel Sheet. This subject has not been canvassed thoroughly in past investigations, while the innovation has been changed quickly in the ongoing past. It Highlights viewpoints, for example, surface planning, glue restoring, limited component (FE) re-enactment, weariness execution just as the disappointment methods of RC bars with Steel Sheets. This method wipes out or potentially diminishes the split development rate, defer introductory splitting, decrease the firmness rot with leftover avoidance and expand the weakness life of RC pillars.Item Design of reinforced concrete silo(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Mahnoor Akram; Laraib Majeed; Ayesha ImranThe focus of this project was on the design of a grain silo. Pakistan is an agricultural country. Flour mills have great influence on the economy of the country. Grain storage silos are the most effective way of storing grains. There is great need to emphasize the silos culture for storing grains instead of warehouses. In addition, the column-supported silo was designed for the modern vehicle technology keeping in mind the size and shape of vehicles (trucks). This project was done for academic purpose and the analysis based upon the dominant forces and moments. It investigates designing and failure of reinforced concrete (RC) silos, primarily in agricultural and flourmills set-ups. The failure of RCC structure was influenced by the nature of the bulk solids (grain) that are stored in grain silo. For the load estimation Janssen theory has used according to ACI313-97 and for designing ACI 318-97 has used.Item Experimental study of strengthening of reinforced concrete beams through steel sheets(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Ameer Hamza; Anas Akhtar; Noman Riaz; Jahandad KhanIn comparison with the option of “flatten and rebuild buildings”, durability can be better achieved by extending the life spans of existing structures. Strengthening of structures results in less construction waste materials, reserves natural resources, minimizes adverse environmental effects, saves time, saves cost, etc. The structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened steel sheets has been determined in the undertaken research both theoretical and experimental. The main aim of our project is to highlights the best among the investigated strengthening techniques. The experimental work included complete research plan consists of 6 concrete cylinders and 9 concrete beams. Making concrete (6 concrete cylinders, 2 for each strength & 6 beams 2 of each strength, 3 for control sample 3 for steel sheet sample) with different strength properties (strength range 18MPa, 21MPa and 25 MPa).to have inadequate flexural capacity and the purpose is to increase it. Strengthening operation has been accomplished using concrete steel sheets with different configurations. The test variables included the type of strengthening flexural the technique of strengthening. As predicted, the strengthened beams exhibited different structural behavior upon loading up to failure. The beams strengthened with epoxy bonded steel sheets showed best structural behavior. Steel sheets bonded at the bottom of the beam can prevent the shear failure and recover flexural capacity while continuous steel plates bonded to bottom sides of the beam only delay the shear failure with increasing in flexural capacity. In conclusion, strengthening of Steel sheet beams can be effectively increase by 22% to the control beams achieved using practical techniques, which will increase the life spans of the beams and thus enhance the durability of existing structure. Keywords:Item Congestion management through redesigning of intersection to improve los(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Hassan Ashfaq Maitla; F2016132056 Rida Batool; F2016132071 Farhan JavaidTraffic in Lahore is rapidly increasing because of population and migration of peoples to urban areas. Demand is greater than the supply because the rate of provision of transport facilities. For this purpose, effort has been made to investigate the factors of traffic congestion in Mughalpura Intersection located in Lahore City. Lahore city is a main business and education hub of the province so there is rapid growth of population. Due to this advancement of traffic, pollution f the city is getting worse day by day. This study determined the causes of the traffic congestion at this intersection and proposed solution for solving the problem.This research analyses the problem of traffic congestion at Mughalpura intersection. Traffic data and road geometry were collected from the field. Primary data was collected through traffic counts. Traffic volume for peak hour was calculated through traffic counts on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday on peak hours. Traffic volume for peak hour was calculated through manual counting of vehicles.Sidra Intersection simulation software was used for analysis. Simulations for different possible traffic conditions with their counter measures were run and an optimal cycle length of traffic signals was calculated. Counter measures suggested includes proper traffic signalization plan, enforcement of pre signalization and lane closureItem Minimizing clash related delays in building construction by adopting building information modeling(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Azhan Umer; Junaid Azhar; Nabeel HassanBuilding projects involve complex processes, extensive planning and multiple stakeholders. Due to this intricacy, building projects are difficult to manage and often face delays. According to literature, major cause of these delays are clashes between various building elements, which typically take place due to lack of communication among different stakeholders. The recent advancement in information technology has introduced various tools to curb this problem. Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the emerging tool that has potential to reduce the negative impacts of these factors by providing better visualization, simulation and collaboration of design and information throughout the lifecycle of project. Despite all these advantages, underdeveloped countries are still far behind in implementing BIM in construction industry. In order to identify and highlight the potential benefits of BIM in local construction industry, this study investigated the benefits of BIM and how it can help in rectifying the most frequently occurring construction delays. Further, BIM was implemented and clash detection analysis was performed on an ongoing residential building project. The finding of the study, highlighted the importance of adopting BIM and its positive impact on building projects. It was also concluded that the clash detection analysis can help in reducing time delays. The construction industry must adopt BIM techniques to get the optimized cost and time for the project. This is first of its nature study in term of local construction industryItem Seismic analysis of underground water tank(UMT.Lahore, 2020) ZUBAIR UMER; MAKHDOOM REHAN; ARSLAN SHAHIDThe Underwater Water Tank has been a major and most important part of almost all projects. Due to the growing daily population, it is necessary to provide water for various purposes such as industrial use, agriculture, domestic use, for the purpose of drinking etc. Water conservation is best done by providing an underground water tank. This study investigates a well-made cement-backed land with a rectangular water tank under the quake's epicenter. Elemental dimensional finite elementary analysis and SAP2000 software were used to predict tank response. The parameters of the variable analysis considered are the aspect ratio (height of the tank to the maximum length) and the water level of the tank, while the size of the tank wall is considered to be constant. The transcendental and non-volatile masses are also represented by the spring weight model in the historical analysis of the period of earthquake recordings. In general, the results show that, there is a smooth increase in current and displacement of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic analyzes with a decrease in the factor ratio. The high migration time and hydrodynamic impact time are greater than the hydrostatic effectsItem Rainfall runoff modeling for flood estimation in a meso-scale watershed using hec-hms(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Syed Mohd Shehzad; Muhammad Umair Tahir; Syed Mohsin Sherazi; Rana Asad LiaqatFloods are the most frequent, widespread and disastrous hazards of the world. Almost every year, Kalam River is affected by floods though its nature and impact differs due to complete different geographical and hydrological setting. This study aims to develop Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model for Kalam River basin to analyze the effects of rainfall on surface runoff and peak discharges of the river and ultimately produce flood inundation levels to assess the flood risks in Kalam River. Being a rain-fed catchment, the flood discharges of Kalam River are highly affected by the extreme rainfall. A HEC-HMS hydrological model was set up in order to carry out the rainfall runoff analysis. HEC-HMS model gave the discharge values of each year by analyzing the precipitation values and Digit Elevation Model (DEM) of Kalam River basin. From these discharge values the flood risk of the region was estimated. Keywords:Item Compaction characteristics of soil mixed with plastic waste materials(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Syed Mir Wais Shah; Abdul Qadir; Fabiyan Naeem; Abdul Qadir JillaniCompaction of soil is commonly used in earthwork construction like soil sub grades for pavements, embankments/dams, backfills etc. The main purpose of compaction is to accomplish higher quality, lower compressibility, and lower penetrability of soil. Soils behave differently for the different combinations of unit weight and moisture content. While there can be positive impacts of compaction, compacted clayey soils can cause serious problems when they are in contact with water, e.g. soil swelling etc. Compaction control is the most economical way to avoid undesirable effects on the construction characteristics of soil and to get more quality of soil. Soil properties vary due to variation of soil parameters in the field. Therefore, it is exceptionally basic to examine the behavior of clay under changing parameters. This study is basically on placement conditions of plastic waste material (PWM) on varying percentages. This research work included the compaction of clayey soils and the performance of unconfined compression test of soil and California bearing ratio test. The laboratory testing on the sample of Narowal clay included particle size analysis, moisture content determination, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction test, unconfined compression test and California bearing ratio test. All these tests were performed according to the applicable ASTM standards CBR value at 0% of PWM was 5 unconfined compressive strength was 202kpa after adding 0.5% PWM then CBR value was 6 and unconfined compressive strength was 300kpa, at 1% of PWM CBR value was 8 and unconfined compressive strength was 352kpa and after adding 1.5% PWM CBR value was more increased up to 10. So it’s also shows that addition of plastic waste material in clayey soil increases the value of CBR and unconfined compressive strengthItem Analysis of the critical factors of orange line project lahore(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Talha Munir; Hamza Ahmed; Muhammad Murtaza; Samran TariqThe aim of this study is to analyze the main points for the prosperity of this project. It is very important project for Lahore. The object of this study is to give best traffic solution to the people of Lahore. The lane of this project is in commercial area. The overall track length is 27.12 km. In which underground section is 1.72 km and raised section is 25.4 km. This project contains 26 stations in which 24 are raised and 2 are underground. The contractors demolished many important buildings due to problems in its design. They destroyed buildings like houses, shops and famous buildings. These issues create many problems like dust, theft problems, community objections and litigation issues. Due to these problems, this project was criticized very much. In the research of this study, a literature review has been done. Mixed method technique has been used which includes both qualitative and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis, 3 interviews have been conducted from the contractor and supervisor of this project. In quantitative analysis, a questionnaire has been created and 208 responses collected. The conclusions and recommendations has been made for successful completion of other projects. For successful completion of this project is to make sure that the project is not over budgeted and to know that this project is true value of money.Item Design of steel transmission structure(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Iftikhar Ahmad; Muhammad Ahmad; Syed Owais Ali Hamdani; Hafiz Muhammad ArslanIn this project the performance of tower according to various loads such as wind load, will be observed. Wind load is actually a major force act on transmission line tower. The basic wind speed applied on tower, effects of tower height above the ground level. Design of wind speed, wind pressure, and wind forces will be explained and analyzed in software for design of members of transmission tower. Dead load of the tower is also considered in designing of transmission tower members. An analysis will be done on software to check the performance of tower and the member forces in all directions including diagonal members. Keeping in view the different load cases will be taken to work on the severe or critical phase of the tower, also applying different load combinations for taken critical situation on which members of the tower will be designed.Item Roof design of an industrial building using sap2000(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Sajid Hussain; Umair Khan; Mohsin Zafar; Abdur Rahman BaigRoof design of an industrial building using A building structure utilized to store crude material or assembling products of an industry is known as an industrial building. The roofing system for such structures are trusses, purlins, columns and corrugated sheet. In this project the performance of industrial building according to various loads such as wind load, will be observed. Wind load is actually a major force act on roof of the industrial building. The basic wind speed applied on roof, calculation of wind speed, wind pressure, and wind forces will be explained and analyzed in software for design of members of the industrial building. Self-weight of the truss is also considered in designing of industrial building. An analysis will be done on software to check the performance of industrial building and the member forces in all directions including diagonal members. Keeping in view the different load cases will be taken to work on the severe or critical phase of the industrial building, also applying different load combinations for taken critical situation on which members of the industrial building will be designed Keywords:Item Sediment evacuation from tarbela reservoir(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Aaqib Farooq; Abdul Haseeb; Haris Miqdad; Muhammad Saad ul HassanTarbela is one of the world's largest water resource development projects. The Project is the capstone of the Indus Basin Treaty providing an improved supply of water to irrigated land in Pakistan as well as generating electricity and allow some control of floods. River Indus and its tributaries, namely Shyok, Gilgit, and Hunza carry significant sediments into the Indus river. Most of these incoming sediments are being trapped in the reservoir and deposited in the upper reaches of the reservoir. A part of the sediments escapes from the reservoir through the outlets while a huge amount of the sediments gets accumulated as a major delta. At lower sediment loads it is possible to manage these deposits by sluicing through the dam which can be achieved at times of high flows. However, at periods of repeated high flows, as will occur with Tarbela Reservoir flushing, the sand bars build up. In the power channel, the development of these sand bars across the entrance will create problems and result in a head drop. If the Tarbela reservoir is operated to draw more sediment out of the reservoir then turbines of Tarbela will be subject to greater sediment load. The analysis was carried out by HEC-RAS model , it was used to simulate different scenarios for flushing through the Tarbela dam. For this purpose the hydrological data including sediment inflow, outflow, 10 daily discharges from 1979 to 2017 was collected from WAPDA. The simulated and actual profiles in terms of sediment deposition, sediment outflow, and remaining capacity was calibrated and validated for the years 2009 and 2012 respectively. The longitudinal profiles, which provided an understanding of the rate of advance of the delta, the foresee slopes, and in which areas of the reservoir the incoming sediment is accumulated. The delta is estimated to arrive at the dam by the year 2033 and the sediment outflows start to increase (the average once the delta arrives is 100 MT with less amount of sand). Clearing sediment from around the intakes is unlikely to be of significant value as the area should be cleared more effectively by the sluicing effect of the discharge through the tunnelsItem Design of a multi-story building(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Fawad Rafique; Muhammad Arslan; Muhammad Umair; Muhammad AbdullahThis report summarizes the design assumptions and approach, for the StructuralDesign of Laboratory building for AR & AER - CPEC Hevellian Section. This report will cover the aspects of all necessary structural parameters required to successfully construct a stable structure. The building, with all the structural frame elements, isanalyzed by developing a three-dimensional model on ETABS. Columns and beams are modeled as line elements and slabs are modeled as "Plate". Additionally, a “Rigid diaphragm” is also assigned to each floor level (Except Plinth Level) which is basically a mass less area element with high in-plane rigidity and which has no effect on the out-of-plane slab bending properties. The total covered area for this Building is approximately 22.7 x 10.2 m2. The building occupancy comprises of Laboratory facilities for ER & AER staff. The building is reinforced concrete frame structure consisting of columns, beam and slab system supporting on isolated foundations.