2025

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Perceived interparental conflict, doomscrolling, and sleep disturbance in young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Anum Batool; Hira Amjad
The research focuses on investigating the relationship between Perceived Interparental conflict, Doom Scrolling, and Sleep Disturbance in Young Adults. The current study employed a quantitative, correlational research strategy to obtain data from 300 university students through purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 300 young adults with an age range 18 to 25 years (M= 19.00, SD=0.76) from private Institutes. The assessment tools included the children's perception of the Interparental Conflict Scale Grych et al., (1992), the Doom Scrolling Scale, (Travers, 2024), and the General Sleep Disturbance Scale. (Humaira. & Zahid, 2014). The statistical analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, correlation, regression test, T-test, and ANOVA. Correlation analysis showed higher levels of interparental conflicts are associated with increased doomscrolling (r =.639, p
Cognitive flexibility, adaptability and burnout in IT managers
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Momina Wajid; Nimra Khalid; Esha Zahid
The present study aims to examine the relationship between cognitive flexibility, adaptability, and burnout in IT managers. A correlational study was conducted with a sample of N=180 IT managers from various organizations in Lahore, representing diverse work experiences, gender, and work modes (hybrid/on-site). The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), Adaptability Scale (ADP), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) were used for data collection through purposive sampling. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between cognitive flexibility and adaptability (r = .463, p < .001), while both cognitive flexibility (r = -.172, p = .021) and adaptability (r = -.377, p < .001) showed negative correlations with burnout. Regression analysis further confirmed that adaptability (B = -0.415, p < .001) was a significant negative predictor of burnout, whereas cognitive flexibility did not significantly predict burnout levels. The results of the t-test indicated that full-time IT managers exhibited higher cognitive flexibility and adaptability compared to hybrid workers, but no significant gender differences were found. These findings emphasize the crucial role of adaptability and cognitive flexibility in managing workplace stress and reducing burnout among IT managers. Future research should explore intervention strategies to enhance these psychological traits and improve IT professionals' well-being.
Attachment styles, pornography use, emotional suppression and sexual compulsive behaviors in young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Ayesha Waheed
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between attachment styles, pornography use, emotional suppression, and compulsive sexual behaviors in young adults. Employing a correlational and cross-sectional research design, a sample of 300 university students (n=142 males, n=158 females) from Lahore was selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected using demographic sheet along with standardized measures, including the Revised Adult Attachment Style Scale (Anjum & Batool, 2016), Pornography Consumption Inventory (Reid et al., 2011), Emotion Regulation Scale (Durrani & Mahmood, 2016), and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory-13 (Miner et al., 2017). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25, incorporating correlation analysis, linear regression, independent sample t-tests, and ANOVA. The findings revealed weak but significant positive associations between attachment styles (close, dependent, and anxious) and pornography use. Additionally, emotional suppression exhibited a weak positive correlation with anxious and close attachment styles and emerged as a significant predictor of compulsive sexual behaviors. A weak yet significant association was also found between pornography use and compulsive sexual behaviors. Furthermore, gender differences were observed, with males reporting higher levels of pornography use and compulsive sexual behaviors compared to females. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore underlying psychological mechanisms and the development of targeted interventions to address compulsive sexual behaviors in young adults.
Family environment, cognitive functioning, religiosity, and mental health issues in recovering addicts
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Nimra Batool
Substance Use Disorders are emerging global concerns. Several biological, psychological and social factors influence this complex issue. Recent researches have shown that addicts have dysfunctional family environments, cognitive impairment and high comorbidity of mental health issues. A substantial body of evidence has supported the notion of religiosity being protective factor against addiction. This study aims to find the relationship between family environment, cognitive functioning, religiosity and mental health issues in recovering addicts. A sample of 120 male recovering addicts between the age of 20-55 years (M = 1.43, SD = 0.50) was selected through purposive sampling. The measurement tools used included 16-item BFRS (Brief Family Relationship Scale), 15-item CRS (Centrality of Religiosity Scale), CFQ (Cognitive Failure Questionnaire) and DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale). The analysis of data revealed that mental health issues had significant negative association with family environment (r = -0.37, p< 0.01). However, cognitive functioning (cognitive impairment) had significant positive association (r = 0.65, p
Perceived parenting styles, pornography use, emotional suppression and sexual compulsive behaviors in young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Rabeea binte Khalid
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived parenting styles, pornography use, emotional suppression, and sexual compulsive behaviors in young adults. The research design that was used was Correlation and Cross-Sectional Research Design. The sample was selected from different universities of Lahore with the sample size was 300 Through Purposive Sampling Technique. Data was collected using different standardized measures and in a demographic sheet. EMBU ( Gerlsma et al., 1991), pornography Consumption Inventory ( Reid et al., 2011), Emotional Regulation Scale ( Durrani& Mahmood, 2016) and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory-13 (Miner et al.,2017). Statistical analysis used were correlation analysis, Independent Sample T-Test, Linear Regression. And ANOVA. Correlational findings suggested that, rejection and overprotection had significant positive correlation with Emotional suppression. Pornography use and emotional suppression had significant positive correlation with sexual compulsive behavior. Emotional Suppression is positive predictors of Sexual Compulsive Behaviors in Young Adults. Furthermore, gender differences were observed, with males reporting higher levels of pornography use and compulsive sexual behaviors compared to females. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore underlying psychological mechanisms and the development of effective interventions to address compulsive sexual behaviors in young adults.
Fear of missing out, self-compassion and academic burnout in university students
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Ali Usman; Faiqa Doultana; Mahrukh Ijaz
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), Self-Compassion, and Academic Burnout in University Students. A correlational research design was used, and data were collected from 240 university students enrolled in public and private universities in Lahore through stratified sampling. The instruments used were the Fear of Missing Out Scale by Sabir and Jabeen (2021), the Self-Compassion Scale by Batool and Jabeen (2017), and the Academic Burnout Scale by Maqbool & Jabeen (2020). The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between FOMO and academic burnout, and a significant negative correlation between self-compassion and both FOMO and burnout. Self-compassion was also found to significantly moderate the relationship between FOMO and academic burnout, acting as a buffer against the negative effects of FOMO. Results showed no significant gender differences in any of the three variables. However, a significant difference was found between public and private university students, with public university students reporting higher academic burnout. Additionally, a significant difference was found based on hours of study, where students who studied less than 5 hours per day reported high self-compassion compared to those who studied more than 5 hours. The study concludes that fostering self-compassion can be a protective factor against burnout, especially in environments where social pressure and academic expectations are high. These findings may guide universities, counselors, and mental health practitioners in developing interventions to reduce FOMO and enhance emotional well-being in university students.
Secondary traumatic stress, resilience and conflict navigation in healthcare professionals
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Komal Tarar; Rimsha Naeem; Aymen Nauman
The aim of this study was to explore the association between secondary traumatic stress, resilience and conflict navigation in health care professionals. Quantitative research method was used in the form of questionnaires to collect sample from health care professionals that was directly interacting with patients from both private and government hospitals (N=261) with mean (S.D) 27.41(5.45). In this study, Secondary traumatic Stress Scale (Yegidis & Figley, 2004), Connor Davidson Resilience scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and the Conflict Resolution Style Inventory (Marshall, 2022) was used. Data was analyzed through SPSS. Findings of correlation suggested that there was significant negative relationship (r=-0.38) between secondary traumatic stress and resilience and conflict navigation styles varied from person to person and according to organizational norms. Secondary traumatic stress - Intrusion is a significant positive predictor of accommodating conflict navigation style while secondary traumatic stress- Avoidance is a significant negative predictor of accommodating conflict navigation style. Males reported to have significantly higher use of avoidant conflict resolution styles compared to females. This research will beneficial in addressing issues of health care professionals, will aid in promoting a healthier and supportive work environment and develop strategies to promote resilience.
Psychological flexibility, thanatotrauma and cognitive disengagement among young adults experiencing parental loss
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Simra Kamran; Marfooa Shafiq; Bushra Arsh
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological flexibility, thanatotrauma and cognitive disengagement among young adults who have experienced parental loss in the past one year. In this study, snowball sampling technique was used to collect data from 120 participants including 68 females and 52 males. A cross sectional correlation research design was employed involving a sample of young adults from universities in Pakistan. Self-repost measures such as Psychological Flexibility Scale (Rehan & Zahra, 2024), Complicated Grief Inventory (Complicated Grief Inventory, 1999) and Adult Concentration Inventory (Becker, Burns, and Willcutt 2015). Descriptive analysis confirmed the mean age (M=22.53, SD=1.847) of study participants. The correlation analysis showed significant negative relationship between psychological flexibility and thanatotrauma (r = -.210, p < .01), positive relationship between thanatotrauma and cognitive disengagement (r = .344, p < .01) and negative relationship between psychological flexibility and cognitive disengagement (r=-.381, p < .01). The findings of regression analysis showed that cognitive disengagement was significantly positively predicted by age, gender and thanatotrauma. The results of independent sample t-test showed that thantotrauama and cognitive disengagement was more in females as compared to males, whereas, males were more psychologically flexible as compared to females. Future implications of the study included therapeutic interventions and psychoeducational initiatives designed to promote resilience and healthy adjustment among young adults.
Trait emotional intelligence, sibling relationship, and interpersonal difficulties in young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Laiba Fazal ur Rehman; Maida Noor; Horain Fatima
Young adulthood (18–25 years) is a critical developmental stage marked by emotional, social, and psychological transitions. This study examines the relationship between trait emotional intelligence, sibling relationships (rivalry and conflict), and interpersonal difficulties among young adults. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 250 university students in Punjab, Pakistan, through stratified probability sampling. Participants completed the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Stocker et al., 1997), Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (Wong & Law, 2002), and Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (Saleem et al., 2014). Pearson product moment correlation was used to assess the results between variables and it indicated that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal difficulties (r = 0.186, p < .01), suggesting that higher emotional intelligence reduces social challenges, while a weak but significant positive correlation (r = .114, p < .05) between sibling relationships and interpersonal difficulties highlights the impact of sibling rivalry and conflict. However, no significant correlation was found between emotional intelligence and sibling relationships (r = .044, ns). Multiple regression analysis showed that sibling relationships and emotional intelligence together accounted for 5% of the variance in interpersonal difficulties (R² = .050, p < .006). These findings emphasize the role of emotional intelligence in reducing interpersonal difficulties and suggest that sibling interactions influence social relationships. Future research should explore additional social and environmental factors affecting interpersonal challenges.
Deadline stress, brain fog, sleep quality and interpersonal relationships among young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Muntazir Abbas; Isha Sarfraz
This study explores the relationships between deadline stress, brain fog, sleep quality, and interpersonal relationships among university students. It also looks at whether males and females differ in these experiences and whether stress and sleep can predict brain fog and relationship quality. The research is carried out with university students in Lahore, Pakistan, using convenience sampling. Standard questionnaires were used to measure the variables. Data was analysed in SPSS through correlation, regression, and independent t-test. The correlation findings show that higher deadline stress is related to more brain fog, while better sleep is linked with less brain fog and better relationships. Regression results find that stress strongly predicts brain fog, while sleep predicts both brain fog and relationships. Gender differences appear only in stress and sleep, with females reporting higher levels, but no difference is found in brain fog or relationships. Some of the hypotheses are validated, while others are not. It means that both stress and bad sleep quality impair the lucidity of students' thoughts and their relational dispositions with others, meanwhile appraising the influence of some cultural and social factors. This inductive research study emphasized the need for stress management and healthy sleep to improve the mental and social well-being of students.
Family environment, digital addiction, fear of missing out and sleep issues in adolescents
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Laiba Mir; Shahrukh Ahmad; Laiba Tufail
The research was conducted to find out the relationship between family environment, digital addiction, fear of missing out (FOMO) and sleep issues in adolescents. In this quantitative correlational research design, 300 adolescents (150 boys and 150 girl) were selected through purposive sampling. Four scales were used to collect data; Family Environment Scale (Olson, 2011), Fear of Missing Out Scale (Sabir & Jabeen, 2021), Digital Addiction Scale (Seema et al., 2021), General Sleep Disturbance Scale (Lee, 1992) and a demographic sheet was given to participants. Correlation, Regression and T-test were used to test the study variables. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship existing between the Family Environment, Digital Addiction, Fear of Missing Out and Sleep Issues in adolescents. Correlation analyses revealed that better family communication was associated with lower levels of digital addiction and FOMO. Regression analysis indicated that family communication negatively predicted sleep issues, while family satisfaction and digital addiction were significant positive predictors. Independent samples t-tests revealed significant gender differences, with girls reporting higher levels of digital addiction, FOMO, apprehensions, and sleep issues than boys. Education level disparities revealed that intermediate students had much greater rates of family communication and digital addiction than matriculation students. Institutional differences revealed that government institution students had greater family communication, family happiness, and sleep quality, whereas private institution students reported higher levels of digital addiction and emotional discomfort.
Dark triad, self-concept, and moral disengagement in young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Roshaan Shafiq; Sarooj Farooq; Alishba Jamil; Malaika Qamar
This study aims to find out the correlation between dark triad, self-concept, and moral disengagement. For this purpose, a sample of 300 young adults aged 18-26 was selected through a purposive sampling technique. The participants from joint and nuclear family systems were included in this study. The measures, including the Short Dark Triad, the Self-concept Questionnaire, and the Moral Disengagement Scale, were used in this study. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between the dark triad and moral disengagement. It suggests that individuals who exhibit higher levels of socially aversive personality traits such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are more likely to engage in mechanisms of moral disengagement, such as justifying or minimizing unethical behavior. However, self- concept and moral disengagement showed a negative correlation, as the individuals with a lower perception of self-worth or personal identity are slightly more prone to disengage morally. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that demographic variables (gender, family system, occupation, marital status, birth order, and education) explained a small portion of variance in self-concept, with gender and marital status emerging as significant predictors. When psychological factors were added, moral disengagement was found to be a significant negative predictor of self-concept, whereas dark triad traits showed no significant effect. This study will seek to fill the gaps that are still present in existing literature.
Adult attachment trauma, social intelligence and psychopathological tendencies in university students
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Sania Mir; Iqra Sajid; Komal Noor
The current study was conducted to find the association between adult attachment trauma, social intelligence and psychopathological tendencies in young adults. A correlation research design was used to find the associations between the variables using a sample size of 300 participants with ages ranging from 18-25, from university students were selected. Purposive sampling technique was used for the data selection. The Experiences in close relationships- revised (ECRR), Tromso social intelligence scale (TSIS), and Brief symptom inventory (BSI) along with a demographics form was used for the measurement of the study variables. Correlation, Regression, and T-Test analysis were used to predict and to find the relationship between adult attachment trauma, social intelligence and psychopathological tendencies in young adults. Results showed that adult attachment trauma showed a strong relationship on increasing psychopathological tendencies while social intelligence did not show a significant relationship with psychopathological tendencies. The research will contribute to development of future social support systems and culturally responsive interventions aimed at promoting the well-being of young adults.
Social comparison, parental self-efficacy, sharenting and mental health problems among parents of preschoolers
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Wajeeha Aamir; M. Fahad Iqbal; Syeda Dua Fatima
The research was conducted to find out the relationship between social comparison, parental self-efficacy, sharenting and mental health problems among parents of preschoolers. In this quantitative correlational research design, 200 parents (100 mothers and 100 fathers) aged from 20-45 years old were selected through purposive sampling. Four scales were used to collect data; Social Comparison Scale, Parental Sense of Competency Scale, Sharenting Evaluation Scale, DASS-21 and a demographic form was given to participants. Correlation, Regression and T-test were used to test the study variables. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship existed between the social comparison, parental self-efficacy, sharenting and mental health problems among parents of preschoolers. Correlation analysis demonstrated that negative relationship existed between social comparison and parental self-efficacy among parents of preschoolers and vice versa. Moreover, there was positive relationship existed between the social comparison and sharenting and vice versa. Similarly, Social comparison and mental health problems also had a positive relationship between them among parents of preschoolers and vice versa. Furthermore, through t-test it was concluded that social comparison, sharenting behavior and mental health problems were more common in mothers as compared to fathers. This research could have practical implication i.e., could design parenting workshops or mental health interventions focused on coping strategies for social comparison and building self-efficacy. Moreover, promoting the awareness about ethical considerations while sharenting.
Perceived parental favoritism, narcissism and emotional behavioral problems in adolescents
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Ujala Tabassum; Aniza Fatima; Kainat Asif
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between Perceived Parental Favoritism, Narcissism, and Emotional Behavioral Problems in Adolescents. The data was collected from 330 adolescents aged 10–19 years. The present study utilized the Perceived Parental Favoritism Scale (Kanwal & Khadim, 2021), Narcissism subscale from the Short Dark Triad (Jones & Paulhus, 2013), and School Children Problem Scale (Saleem & Mahmood, 2011). Participants were selected using a purposive sampling strategy. Correlational research design is used to examine the relationship between relationship between Perceived Parental Favoritism, Narcissism, and Emotional Behavioral Problems. Results indicated that perceived parental favoritism had significant negative correlation with narcissism and emotional behavioral problems, whereas narcissism showed significant positive correlation with emotional behavioral problems. Regression analysis revealed that gender, number of siblings, specific dimensions of perceived parental favoritism, and narcissism were significant predictors of emotional behavioral problems. Independent sample t-tests showed that girls reported higher emotional behavioral problems than boys, while younger adolescents reported more emotional behavioral problems than older adolescents. Findings of the study suggest that perceptions of unequal parental treatment can influence adolescent personality traits and mental health outcomes, with implications for family interventions and psychological well-being in the Pakistani cultural context.
Family environment, materialism, gratitude, and post-traumatic growth in young adults with loss of loved one
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Laiba Hassan Khan; Khadijah Batool Abid; Fiza Shahzad
This research study aimed at exploring the relationship amongst family environment, gratitude, materialism, and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in young adults who have experienced the loss of a loved one, a parent or sibling within the past one to five years. Guided by Bowen’s Family Systems Theory and Olson’s Circumplex Model of Family Functioning, the study aimed at examining how interpersonal dynamics, personal values, and emotional traits influence psychological adaptation following loss. A purposive sampling strategy was used combined in data collection to recruit 200 participants (50% men, 50% women), aged 18–25 years (M = 22.37, SD = 1.97). Participants completed a set of validated measures: The Family Communication Scale and Family Satisfaction Scale (Olson et al., 1987), Gratitude Questionnaire–Six Item Form (GQ-6) (McCullough et al., 2002), Materialism Values Scale (MVS) (Richins & Dawson, 1992), and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). Pearson correlation analysis indicated significant positive associations of family communication, family satisfaction, and gratitude with PTG, and a negative association between materialism and PTG. On the contrary, multiple linear regression revealed that materialism was the only significant predictor of PTG among all variables, suggesting that in this cultural setting, material values might be playing an exceptional role in helping individuals deal with and mature through hardship. T-test showed no statistically significant differences between males and females on most of the study variables and no statistically significant differences between participants from nuclear and joint families on any of the five study variables. Interpretation of the results highlights the importance of emotionally supportive and communicative family environments in fostering adaptive coping after the loss of a loved one. Gratitude emerged as a protective psychological trait that can reduce distress and promote positive transformation. But interestingly in this framework, materialism emerged to be the coping mechanism leading towards PTG.
Memories of upbringing, schadenfreude, moral disengagement and interpersonal difficulties among university students
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Abdul Sami; Fizha Ahmad; Maryam Iqbal
The current study aimed to explore the relationship between Memories of Upbringing, Schadenfreude, Moral Disengagement and Interpersonal Difficulties among University Students. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect the data and (N=228) participants were recruited, aged 19–24 years (M= 21.27; SD= 1.39). Participants completed a set of measures including the translated version of Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran-A (Arrindell et. al, 1999), Schadenfreude Scale (Crysel & Webster, 2018), Moral Disengagement Scale for Adults (Saif & Riaz, 2021) and Interpersonal Difficulties Scales for University Students ((Mahmood et al., 2014). Pearson Product-Moment Correlation revealed a significant negative relationship between parental rejection and interpersonal difficulties, a significant positive relationship between parental warmth and interpersonal difficulties, and a significant positive relationship between moral disengagement and interpersonal difficulties. Linear regression analysis indicated that moral disengagement emerged as a significant positive predictor of interpersonal difficulties. No significant group differences were identified in memories of upbringing, schadenfreude, moral disengagement and Interpersonal Difficulties. These findings highlight the complex role of early upbringing and moral processes in shaping social functioning, underscoring the importance of addressing maladaptive patterns in young adults through preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Athletic identity, locus of control, sports motivation and competitive anxiety in university athletes
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Hania Habiba; Sumaiya Sher Afgun; Rohail Raza; Ali Husnain
The research was conducted to find out the relationship between athletic identity, locus of control, sports motivation and competitive anxiety in university athletes. In this quantitative correlational research design, 217athletes (114males and 103females) aged from 18-24 years old were selected through purposive sampling. Four scales were used to collect data; Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS-3G; Brewer et al., 2021), Locus of Control Scale (Levenson, 1974), Sports motivation Scale (Briere et al., 1995), Competitive Anxiety Scale (Khadim, 2019)and a demographic form was given to participants. Correlation, Regression ,T-test and ANOVA were used to test the study variables. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship existing between the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Locus of Control Scale, Sports motivation Scale, and Competitive Anxiety Scale in university athletes. Correlation analysis demonstrated that negative relationship existed between athletic identity, locus of control, sports motivation and competitive anxiety in university athletes. Moreover, there was positive relationship existing between athletic identity and sports motivation. Similarly, athletic identity and locus of control also had a positive relationship between them. Furthermore, through t-test it was concluded that athletic identity, internal locus of control and intrinsic sports motivation was higher in male athletes whereas competitive anxiety was prevalent in female athletes. Also, those who played cricket depicted the strongest athletic identity due to higher recognition in Pakistan.
Alexithymia, emotional neglect, mindfulness and psychological distress in young adults
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Hafiza Sidra Saher; Majida Murtaza; Maryam Mushtaq; Rubab Muratza
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Alexithymia, Emotional Neglect, Mindfulness and Psychological Distress in Young Adults. The data was collected from 400 young adults from public or private universities of Lahore by using simple random sampling. Correlation research design was used to conduct the study. The present study comprised of demographic sheet, Alexithymia Scale (Khawar et al., 2017), Emotional Neglect Scale (Karamat et al., 2022), Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Mustafa & Safdar,2015) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1996). Results showed that Alexithymia, Emotional Neglect had significant positive correlation with psychological distress. Alexithymia had no negative correlation with mindfulness. Age and family system showed a negative relationship with distress, while gender showed a positive relationship. Gender differences with women reported higher difficulty recognizing emotions and greater psychological distress as compare to men. Men reported higher levels of emotional neglect, and lower levels of non-judging mindfulness as compare to women. Alexithymia and Emotional neglect are strong predictor of psychological distress. The study provides professionals new dimensions related cultures such as gender roles and family system while assessing young adults.
Parental techno Ference, mindful parenting, self-efficacy, and child temperament
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Maham Waseem; Shahida Jahangir; Laiba Zaman
This research aims to study the relationship between parental technoference, mindful parenting, and self-efficacy and child temperament in mothers of children (3-7 years). In the study, the correlational research design was used. A sample consisting of 270 mothers (21-45 years) were recruited through a purposive sampling technique. The Parental Technoference Scale (PTS), Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM P), Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) were used to assess the following aspects among mothers. The results revealed that parental technoference had a positive correlation with child temperament and a negative correlation with mindful parenting and self-efficacy. Age and parental technoference found to be significant predictors of child temperament. This study has significant implications for parenting, family-based interventions, addressing child temperament, and early intervention programs.

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