Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Comparative analysis for the performance of diesel engine using blends of biodiesel from neem oil & distilled neem oil(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-19) Asif Ali; Ali Ashfaq; Muhammad SohailThis study investigates Neem oil biodiesel as a sustainable alternative to conventional diesel, focusing on Pakistan where Neem (Azadirachta indica) is abundant as a non-edible feedstock. To address the high free fatty acid content of raw Neem oil, a distillation pre-treatment was applied prior to biodiesel production. Blends of raw and distilled Neem biodiesel (B05–B30) were tested in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine to evaluate performance and emission behavior. Experimental results showed that distilled Neem biodiesel blends outperformed raw biodiesel in both efficiency and emissions. Brake thermal efficiency increased by up to 88.96% for DNB25D75, while brake-specific fuel consumption was reduced by over 40% compared to diesel. Emission analysis revealed notable decreases in carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur oxides (SO₂), along with a downward trend in nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), contrary to typical biodiesel behavior. These improvements were attributed to the enhanced viscosity, volatility, and combustion quality of distilled Neem biodiesel. Overall, distilled Neem biodiesel demonstrated superior fuel efficiency and lower pollutant emissions, confirming its potential as a technically viable and environmentally preferable alternative to diesel. Its adoption could reduce Pakistan’s dependence on imported petroleum while supporting cleaner energy solutions for agricultural and rural applications.Item Modular farming attachment for integrated seeding, fertilizing, and weed removal in small-scale agriculture(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-17) Muhammad Rizwan; Ihtisham Shabbir; Muhammad SuneelThis project focuses on the design and development of a multipurpose machine for gardening and small-scale farming, integrating tilling, seeding, and fertilizer application into a single compact unit. The machine is powered by a 2-stroke 52CC petrol engine with a gear transmission system, making it lightweight, portable, and suitable for micro-farming and home gardening operations. The tilling unit consists of 16 rotary blades capable of preparing soil to a depth of approximately 1.5 inches, ensuring proper soil aeration and preparation for sowing. The attached seeder is adjustable for different row spacing’s and seed quantities, allowing uniform seed placement for various crops. Additionally, a fertilizer application unit is incorporated to distribute nutrients simultaneously, reducing the need for multiple field operations. The machine aims to minimize manual labor, save time, and increase operational efficiency, making it an affordable and practical solution for small-scale farmers and gardeners. The design calculations for engine power, soil draft force, seed rate, fertilizer flow, and structural safety have been carried out to ensure reliable and efficient performance under typical working conditions.Item Design and development of a cost-efficient indigenous wearable chair(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-19) Abdullah Bin Masood; Ahmad Ali Shoaib; Muhammad SaadThis project focuses on the Design and Development of a Cost-Efficient Indigenous Wearable Chair to reduce muscle fatigue. The need for exoskeletons arises due to an increase in muscle strain, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and reduced activity, especially faced by the majority of assembly line workers, medical sector individuals, etc. These static positions can lead to muscle fatigue, lower back pain, and reduced efficiency. Existing seating solutions are costly, massive, or heavy; there is no cost-efficient exoskeleton readily available in the market. Studies have revealed benefits including improved efficiency, focus, reduced strain on muscles and joints, better posture, and enhanced comfort. The design has straightforward mechanics, with no wiring and little weight, and locks into position to rigidly support the user. It consists of a metal channel under the thigh constructed out of a square tube, which has bearings inside it connected to the mid-link to provide smooth oscillatory motion. The model was built out of stainless steel and analyzed in ANSYS 2015, which showed that the model had a total deformation of 0.101 mm and a maximum Von Mises stress of 58.015 MPa, very low within the yielding stresses of the material. The computational factor of safety was over 3.5, which indicates that the design was structurally reliable, and the protective margin was more than adequate.Item Design and development of hydraulic buffer system for ar15 platform(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-12) HAMMAD ANAS; AHMAD MAHMOOD; HASEEB SHAHIDThis study presents the design and development of a hydraulic buffer system tailored for the AR 15 rifle platform, aiming to enhance recoil management and operational smoothness. Traditional mechanical buffer systems in AR-pattern rifles rely on spring tension and mass to mitigate recoil, often resulting in abrupt cyclic forces that affect shooter control and component wear. To address these limitations, a compact hydraulic mechanism was engineered to replace the conventional buffer, offering progressive energy absorption and improved damping characteristics during the bolt carrier group's rearward travel. The design process involved dynamic analysis of the AR-15’s internal kinematics, selection of suitable damping fluids, and finite element modeling of buffer components to ensure structural integrity under repeated stress. Prototype testing was conducted to evaluate recoil impulse, cyclic rate, and overall system reliability under semi-automatic and rapid-fire conditions. Results indicated a measurable reduction in felt recoil and muzzle rise, contributing to faster target reacquisition and reduced wear on internal components. The findings demonstrate the potential of hydraulic buffering as a viable upgrade for performance-oriented AR 15 systems, especially in competitive or tactical applications.Item Utilization of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and chicken waste oil in triple-blend formulations with nanoparticles for evaluating engine performance, economic viability, and emission characteristics(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-11) Muhammad Hamza Umer; Muhammad Mubashir; Ali Yazdan HaiderThe demand for sustainable, cleaner-burning diesel substitutes has accelerated due to growing environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel supplies. This study investigates the production and performance analysis of biodiesel made from chicken waste oil (CWO) and waste cooking oil (WCO) blended in different ratios with conventional petroleum diesel. Additionally, a critical analysis was conducted on the effects of incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles, specifically Fe₂O₃ and CuO, on engine performance, emission behavior, and economic viability. According to the results without nanoparticles, the optimal performance was achieved at 60/40 (Diesel/ Biodiesel) blend ratio; however, further increase in the biodiesel content resulted in reduced efficiency. The addition of nanoparticles improved combustion quality and engine performance, with 50/50 blends delivering the best results. According to emission analysis, harmful gases such as NOₓ, CO, CO₂, and SO₂ were significantly reduced in all blends tested with nanoparticles. Economically, Fe₂O₃-based biodiesel blends showed lower production costs (USD 2.594/L) with a 50/50 blend than CuO-based blends (USD 3.757/L) with a 50/50 blend, indicating greater feasibility. Large-scale nanoparticle synthesis and biodiesel refining could reduce the cost of this solution, although the production cost is still higher than pure diesel. This strategy has two environmental benefits; it reduces the impact of waste oil disposal and reliance on fossil fuels. Future directions include investigating inexpensive, environmentally friendly nanoparticles and incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time engine control and emissions tracking. Index Terms: Chicken waste oil biodiesel (CWO), Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, Emission analysis, Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles, Performance characteristics, Sustainable energy, Waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO).Item Design and development of a passive shoulder support exoskeleton(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-08) Muhammad Waleed Aziz; Junaid Ahmad; Kornellius SundhuThe design and development of a passive shoulder support exoskeleton is presented in this Thesis with the goal of minimising muscular strain in manual and industrial work situations during extended overhead duties. The lightweight, entirely mechanical exoskeleton supports the user’s upper limb without limiting their range of motion by using a ratchet pawl system and spring-loaded help. This passive technology is less expensive, uses less energy, and may be used in low-resource environments because it doesn’t require motors or other power sources like active exoskeletons do. CAD software was used to create the design, and fabricate using ABS material through 3D printing. Structural analysis was performed using Ansys Workbench to guarantee mechanical integrity under load. The device’s efficacy was assessed using electromyography (EMG) testing, which revealed a notable approximately 50% decrease in deltoid muscle activity during overhead exercises. With features that could be adjusted for user comfort and height alignment, the prototype demonstrated both functionality and ergonomics. In physically demanding jobs, this passive exoskeleton has a great potential to increase productivity, decrease work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs), and improve workplace ergonomics.Item Design and development of prototype of lightweight and portable cervical traction device(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-03) Ammar Raja; Farhan Haider; Hamza Khurshid; Hamza SiddiqueThe project shows the design, development, and validation of a lightweight, portable cervical traction device intended for safe home and clinic use. The device uses a linear actuator driven by a stepper motor to provide controlled, repeatable cervical decompression with adjustable traction angles (15°, 20°, 25°) and 0.5-inch distance increments. CAD models were made in SolidWorks and verification was done with static structural finite-element analysis in ANSYS to ensure stiffness and low stress concentrations under expected loads. A physical prototype was created by using acrylic and ABS components with foam cushioning and an electronics control panel (AT mega microcontroller, stepper driver, limit switch, battery pack) providing forward/reverse motion, speed regulation, and emergency stop. Internal and external tests with physiotherapists at Sharif Medical City Hospital confirmed the unit’s comfort, functionality, and clinical potential for mild–moderate cervical disorders. The device meets the project objectives of portability (<3.5 kg), cost-effectiveness, quiet operation, and adjustable therapy parameters. Recommended future work includes closed-loop force control, sensor integration, fatigue testing, and formal clinical trials to follow regulatory approval.Item Design and development of indigenous lumber support mechanism for improved posture and comfort(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-23) Amin Ullah Khan; M. Muaz Hamid Umer; TahaProlonged sitting, especially during driving or office work, often lead to poor posture and discomfort, increasing the risk of lumber pain and spinal issues. To address this problem, an indigenous lumber support system has been designed and developed with the objective of improving posture and comfort. The mechanism consists of two vertical guided rods that holds the Teflon base, moving and upper plate, while a 12V DC gear motor with a power screw assembly provides controlled vertical motion. Support straps, crossing over the shoulder and waist in rucksack like manner, ensure balanced elevation of ergonomic curve of the hardboard panels, providing both stability and comfort. The design also integrates an automatic limit circuit to prevent overtravel, along with manual adjustment for user preference. As a lightweight, cost-effective and simple to construct solution, the prototype is particularly suitable for use in car seats as a cushion, as well as in other environments requiring prolonged sitting. The system prioritizes user comfort and posture correction without significantly adding to the weight or complexity of the seating structure.Item AI-based quality control system for automated product inspection using computer vision(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-11) Shalan Zia; Maryam Binte MuzaffarThis report presents an AI-based shirt inspection and sorting system, which uses computer vision and automation to enhance quality control in the textile sector. The system identifies common garments’ defects like tears and stains, and sorts the garments appropriately. The system employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which has been trained on two datasets, a defect free shirt dataset and a defect dataset consisting shirts with defects of varying size, color and placement. This training enables the AI to correctly classify garments in real industrial settings. Shirts are placed on hangers and transported with a pulley system. A stationary camera captures the shirt and an AI analyzes the video stream in real-time. The shirt is classified as ‘stain’, ‘tear’, or ‘no defect’. The AI generates a binary signal of ‘1’ for defects and ‘0’ for no defects. This signal is sent to an Arduino microcontroller which controls a stepper motor and position detecting sensors. Depending on the classification, the system sorts the defective shirts into one of two bins. The system achieved a defect classification accuracy of 90% to 97% which significantly reduces the need for manual work, increases the speed of operations, and is consistent with the requirements of smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0.Item Design & fabrication of a multi-spindle drilling mechanism for brush(UMT Lahore, 2025-09-08) Muhammad Abdullah; Muhammad Zohaib Shahid; Abdur RahmanProductivity and efficiency are crucial in today's industries to satisfy the increasing demand for high-volume manufacturing, particularly in the sweep brush industry where brush blocks must have several holes for the insertion of bristles. Conventional single-spindle drilling machines are labor-intensive, sluggish, and frequently produce mistakes in hole depth and spacing, which lowers quality and raises production costs. The goal of this project, "Design & Fabrication of a Multi-Spindle Drilling Mechanism for Brush Manufacturing," is to create a system that can drill numerous holes at once with high precision and a shorter cycle time in order to address these difficulties. To guarantee strength, stability, and performance under load, a comprehensive 3D model of the machine was created using SolidWorks, and structural verification was done using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in ANSYS. When compared to traditional drilling techniques, the prototype's increased efficiency, uniformity, and repeatability were confirmed by testing and fabrication. The devised mechanism enhances alignment precision, energy efficiency, and appropriateness for semi-automated or completely automated manufacturing, while also decreasing human error and reliance on specialized labor. All things considered, this effort offers the brush manufacturing sector a dependable and affordable option, illustrating how specialist equipment may improve mass production while guaranteeing constant product quality.