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Item Clientelism and Role of Political Agents in Service Delivery A Rural Urban Comparison of District Bahawalpur (1999-2016)(UMT.Lahore, 2017) ZAHID MAHMOODClientelism has been the informal political system of rural and urban areas of Punjab wherein votes and support are traded implicitly and explicitly. The informal political system is controlled by powerful elites who affect the mechanism of service delivery. The purpose of this study is to investigate different patterns of Clientelism in rural and urban areas (especially South Punjab) for which District Bahwalpur has been taken as case study. In the said case study the research questions are focused to explore and find the nature of clientelistic networks, their effect on service delivery and their role in diverting public resources towards selective groups.Item Madrassa Reforms in Pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2017) MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHAfter 9/11 Madrassa reforms became a hot topic in Western as well as in Islamic World. Western policy makers recommended that extremism can be eliminated by reforming Madrassa education as Madrassa’s are the breeding grounds for terrorism. Madrass curriculum is outdated and does not cater modern issues or does not accept diversity in national state system based on democracy and liberal values. In this study the Western views on Madrassa reforms have been examined and compared with the views of Local Ulemas. For said purpose post development theory has been applied to evaluate the views of Western academia on Madrassa reforms to be applied in Islamic World. Post development theory states that, to become a progressive and advance state, third world states should follow the Western model for development and progress.Item The Dynastic Political Elites and Election Campaign in Pakistan (1970 to 2013)(UMT.Lahore, 2017) TANIA SOHAILThe current study focuses on the nature of dynastic political elites and their election campaigns in Pakistan particularly from 1992 to 2013. The study unfolds the role of the dynastic elites in Pakistan while highlighting the factors that affected voting trends in Pakistan. The theories concerning the voting behaviour such as a School of Columbia and the School of Michigan inform the theoretical framework. The School of Columbia is linked to sociological factors such as race, class, religion, etc. while the School of Michigan gives more importance to psychosocial factors such as party identification, party age, specific group attachment and so forth.Item Analyzing Radicalization Tendencies among Pakistani Youth(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Sadia KhanA rise in radicalization across the world has posed a serious threat to human development and the state machinery. The increase in the phenomenon is linked to Jihadist ideology of non-state actors, such as Al Qaeda, which allures youngsters towards radicalization owing to an abusive interpretation of Islam. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of radicalization among Pakistani youth from a social-psychological perspective having theoretical underpinning of social identity theory. The social psychology of radicalization explains radicalization as a group phenomenon, and encourages the approach that does not restrict the analysis of radicalization tendencies to religion as a sacred doctrine only. Unlike previous studies, this study takes religion as a social identity group and addresses the concerns that are related to group dynamics. These group dynamics are social categorization and perceptions of threat to group identity. The social psychological approach towards radicalization also deals with these dynamics.Item The Red Mosque Incident(UMT.Lahore, 2017) ROHAIL AHMEDThe purpose of this research is to analyze how a crucial incident of Pakistan’s recent political history - the Red Mosque military operation of 2007 has been reported and narrated by selected Western and Local Right wing newspapers. How these media forums framed the news stories about the Red Mosque incident in their respective contexts. This incident is significant in Pakistani history, because a series of suicide bombings started after it. This study explains the news framing trends using framing analysis of Western and Pakistani Local Right wing media. At the first phase, Framing Analysis elucidates the language of the news stories of two factions through framing forms/tools which are based on rhetoric sense. Then, at second phase, comparative analysis technique elaborates the major frames of two newspapers. The study finds how various frames used by Pakistani Local Right wing media (The Daily Islam, The Daily Jasarat & The Takbeer Weekly) and selected Western media (The Guardian, The Washington Post & The Economist) to describe the story of the Red Mosque incident in 2007.Item Perspectives on Musharraf’s policy of ‘Enlightened Moderation’ in National & International Print Media(UMT.Lahore, 2017) SARA AHMADIn the wake of 9/11, 2001 religious extremism became a major concern of international security agencies. Pakistan, in particular, became a focus of academic discourse on radical religious extremism and militancy. It was during these times that President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf presented the idea of “Enlightened Moderation”. According to him, the Muslims would have to adopt the modern path and the world should promote justice to get rid of extremism. This study examines President Musharraf’s policy of “Enlightened Moderation” and its different interpretations by the national and international print media. The study finds that despite President Musharraf’s efforts to explain this idea at length, it was interpreted in multiple, often conflicting ways by scholars in the Pakistan, the West and in the Muslim world. Data is included from newspapers articles and semi-structured elite interviews which are selected using quota and purposive sampling. Following the interpretive qualitative research tradition, the study is employed thematic analysis to analyze the data.Item The US Asia-Pacific Policy and Chinese Response(UMT.Lahore, 2015) NAFISA SHAHEENRapidly changing geo-political dynamics of Asia-Pacific region have persuaded the US to have shift in this policy from South Asia and Middle East to Asia-Pacific. This policy aims to maintain the US hegemony by containing China in this region. This study tries to find the answer of the research puzzle that why the US has introduced this policy against China when it is already having cordial relations with it whereas some other countries have shown their reservations against the US policy in this region.