Browse
Recent Submissions
Item HOW DOES RENEWABLE ENERGY AFFECT CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS? FRESH EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN(UMT,Lahore, 2022-05-20) Agha Zabloon khanAssessing the association between carbon dioxide (๐ถ๐ถ2) emissions and renewable energy (REN) has been a significant focus of several decades for environmentalists, academia, stakeholders, and government entities. It has drastically changed, and exacerbated Electricity has always been thought of as a traditional production factor. Energy is required not only for production but also for long-term economic growth, which can only be achieved with a consistent energy supply. Although renewable energy is essential to protect the future climate, electricity is regarded as the backbone of economic progress and well-being. Thus, in Pakistan, environmental pollution significantly increased due to the discharge higher concentration of carbon dioxide emissions. It has a multifaceted effect on pollution emissions. Thus, this research investigates the nonlinear and linear connection between RE and ๐ถ๐ถ2emissions over 1980-2020 in Pakistan. For the empirical estimation this research 1st used Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF), and Phillips Perron (pp) unit root tests to inspect the level of integration. After the confirmation of integration order ahead to inspect the symmetric and asymmetric short and long-run elasticities of coefficients, ARDL and nonlinear ARDL econometric technique is employed. The ADF and PP unit tests indicate mixed order of integration i.e.,๐ถ๐ถ2, and UR are integrated as I (1) and rest of variables integration order is I (0). After the confirmation of integration order, we used symmetric and asymmetric ARDL. Besides, the empirical findings from symmetric ARDL depicts that increases in the level of RE meaningfully decline in๐ถ๐ถ2 in the long run. The results also show that GDP statistically significantly stimulate the ๐ถ๐ถ2 Ems in the long run in Pakistan. According to the nonlinear ARDL estimation technique that partial sum of positive changes in RE are negatively connected with carbon emissions both in the short and long run. On the other hand, partial sum of negative change in RE are positively connected with ๐ถ๐ถ2 Ems in the short and long run. Further, coefficient of HD considerably declines in ๐ถ๐ถ2 Ems in the long run. However, GDP and UR are positively connected with carbon emissions in the long run. Further, the result suggests that TO considerably improve the environmental performance in Pakistan. Moreover, the finding assumed that the positive part of RE infers a more significant effect than the negative part. Study results show that an eco-friendly consumption pattern may promote. The insertion of greener 5 forms of energy in urban dwellers must be enhanced, which would help combat the upsurge in industrial and housing carbon dioxide emissions.Item HOW DOES URBANIZATION AFFECT CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS? FRESH EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN(UMT,Lahore, 2022-03-04) Muhammad SalmanAssessing the linkage between carbon dioxide (๐ช๐ช2) emissions and urbanization (U) has been a significant focus ofseveral decades of environmentalists, academia, stakeholders, and government entities. It has drastically changed and exacerbated. Besides substantial social and economic progress in the urban sector, a larger share of the rural labor force have migrated to the urban sector for jobs, education, and health facilities. Additionally, significantly stimulating energy use in urban areas (UA) have resulted in numerous challenges related to ecological pollution. Thus, in Pakistan, urbanization does have a significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions. It has a multifaceted effect on pollution emissions. Thus, this research investigates the nonlinear and linear connection between urbanization and ๐ช๐ช2emissions over 1984-2020 in Pakistan. For the empirical estimation this research first uses Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF), and Phillips Perron (pp) unit root tests to inspect the order of integration. After the confirmation of integration order ahead to inspect the symmetric and asymmetric short and long-run elasticities of coefficients, ARDL and nonlinear ARDL econometric technique is employed. Additionally, to extract the direction of causality, the study uses Granger Causality test. The ADF and PP unit tests indicate mixed order of integration i.e., ๐ช๐ช2, AE, and U are integrated as I (1) and rest of variables integration order is I (2). After the confirmation of integration order, we used symmetric and asymmetric ARDL. Besides, the empirical findings from symmetric ARDL depicts that increases in the level of U meaningfully stimulates the ๐ช๐ช2 in the long run. The results also show that FDI 9 enhances๐ช๐ช2 statistical and significantly. According to the nonlinear ARDL estimation technique that partial sum of positive changes in U are positively connected with carbon emissions both in the short and long run. On the other hand, partial sum of negative change in carbon emissions are negatively connected with carbon emission in the short and long run. Further, coefficient of institutional quality considerably declines carbon emissions in the long run. However, FDI and access to electricity are positively connected with carbon emissions in the long run. Further, the result suggests that FDI inflow causes the environmental degradation in Pakistan. Additionally, granger causality results indicate that bidirectional causal connection exist between access to electricity and carbon emissions. On the other hand, one-way causal linkage exists from carbon emissions to urbanization in Pakistan. Moreover, the finding concluded that the positive part of urbanization has a more significant effect than the negative part. The results of the study show that economic friendly consumption pattern needs to be promoted. The insertion of greener forms of energy in urban dwellers must be enhanced, which would help combat the upsurge in housing carbon dioxide emissions