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Item LEADERSHIP STYLES AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL DEVELOPMENT OF A LEADERSHIP MODEL(UMT, Lahore, 2013) Farhat MunirThis study was designed to identify the leadership styles of secondary school principals and then to see its impact on students’ achievement at the same level. Principals’ leadership styles were identified through MLQ-5X form developed by Bass and Avolio in 1995.Three years students’ results of BISE (Board of intermediate and secondary education) were taken as students’ achievement. The results indicated that transactional leadership was the most practiced leadership style. The second dominant leadership style was transformational and the least practiced leadership style was passive avoidant. Passive avoidant was found most practiced leadership style by the secondary school leaders in public sector. The transformational and transactional leadership were found to have a significantly positive correlation with age.Item DYNAMICS OF QUALITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION IMPLICATIONS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON RANKING OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES(UMT, Lahore, 2013) Seema RahimBetter ranking as a measure of marketability is the prime need of private universities of Pakistan, in order to survive against the well-established public universities. The exponential expansion of higher education does not mean that all higher education institutions will sustain. The sustainability requires continuous improvement in services. Quality Assurance is a system to deal with issues related to development and improvement in higher education. Both, quality assurance and ranking of universities are emerging phenomena in Pakistan after the establishment of Higher Education Commission (HEC). Private universities are in initial stage of responding to these calls. They are taking retrospective measures for quality assurance, unmindful of the basic ingredient of quality, i.e. customer satisfaction. The concept of customer satisfaction cannot be separated from the quality of service of higher education, because private universities operate as business entities and compete for profit. The retention of loyal customers is crucial for independent revenue generation and sustenance of these higher education institutions.