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Item Gender differences in crying behavior and personality traits among university students(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Mina FakherThe objective of this study is to investigate gender differences in crying frequency and crying proneness, relation between personality pattern and crying behavior and to explore if age, gender and neuroticism influence crying behavior. It was hypothesized that women have more proneness for crying behavior and neuroticism; women would be higher in neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness than men. Persons with high crying behavior will display different levels of personality traits. Crying proneness is more related to neuroticism than other personality traits. The research involves correctional design to find relationship between crying behavior and five personality traits. Pearson product correlation and regression analysis was used for this purpose. Gender differences were explored through independent sample t test. The sample consisted of males and female students of age range 18-22 years from University of Management and Technology Lahore. The sample size is 146 (73=males, 73=females). Convenient sampling technique was applied, the results showed mean scores of women were significantly higher than those of men. There were no difference between the mean scores on personality trait of men and women except on conscientiousness. Women reported themselves as significantly higher on conscientiousness than men. Low scorers on mood states and situation (Part A) of Adult crying inventory were significantly stronger on neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. On agreeableness, both high and low scoring crying behavior groups scored more or less the same. Gender was significantly more robust predictor among the controlled variables and only neuroticism predicted significantly among the personality traits. The importance of this study was to explore the emotional aspects of human beings and to bring awareness among people.Item Personality characteristics(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Dania MehboobPersonality characteristics are reflection of how an individual act, think, and behave and exhibit emotions (Lazarus, 2006) and positive emotions contribute to beneficial and healthy outcomes. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001) provides a valuable framework with which to understand the functional significance of positive emotions in context of various outcomes. Personality characteristics also enable the persona to think creatively (Basadur, 2004). Creativity is one of these dimensions revealing linear relationship with positive emotions (Amabile, Barsade, Mueller & Staw, 2005). Present study aimsat exploring the impact of personality characteristics on positive emotions and creativity in nuns. It was hypothesized that personality characteristics of Nuns have significant impact on positive emotions and creativity in them. In this correlational study, sample of study comprised of 47 Roman Catholic Nuns in various churches, schools and hostels in Lahore, Pakistan contacted through convenient and snowball sampling technique. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI, 2003), Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K-DOCS, 2012) and Emotional Needs Scale (ENS, 2008) are administered to assess personality characteristics, creativity and positive emotions respectively. Pearson Product Moment correlation and Stepwise Regression analyses areapplied to test the study hypotheses. Findings suggest that participants with high scores on personality characteristics exhibit creativity and positive emotions in their daily life routine. Regression analysis revealed that personality characteristic extraversion is the strongest predictor of creativity (t=4.36, p= .000***) and positive emotions (t=5.20, p=.000***) in nuns. In conclusion, personality characteristics can be inferred as important factor facilitating creativity and positive emotionsthat may result in buffering individuals against unhealthy outcomes. Currentresearch also indicates that it is useful to assess personality characteristics in nuns in order to enquire how positive they are in emotions and creative in nature.Item Mother-adolescent relationship and empathy(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Maria Sana AminBowlby’s (1990) theory of attachment suggests that the bond between mother-child plays a prototype of all forthcoming relationships of adolescents. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of mother-child relationship on adolescent empathy and adolescent positive and negative experiences. The sample size was 232 adolescents who were enrolled in government and private schools. These participants are recruited through simple random sampling technique. The age range was 11-18 years (M=14.71, SD= 2.27). Results demonstrates that there is a positive correlation between mother-child relationship and empathy, pro-social empathy, positive experiences and negatively correlated to negative experiences of adolescents. Moreover, the findings of this research also confirm that female adolescents show significantly high level of empathy, pro-social empathy, affective empathy and negative experiences as compared to male adolescents. Furthermore, simple regression analysis reveals that mother-adolescent relationship is a positive predictor of adolescent positive experiences, empathy and negative predictor of adolescent negative experiences. Also, adolescent positive experiences are positively predicted pro-social empathy. Besides this, mediated pathway couldn’t be tested due to an insignificant correlation between positive and negative experience and empathy. In conclusion, along with adolescents’ own experiences, mothers attitude towards their child influence their forthcoming relationships. Similarly, if this dyad of mother-adolescent is unhealthy, it may lead toward the psychological as well as pathological problem in adolescent later life. This research may contribute to create awareness among mothers about the effect of their relationship on adolescent empathy and adolescent positive and negative experiences.Item Sleep disorders among university students(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Wardah RanaAbstract The objective of this research was to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in university students. After reviewing the literature, it was determined that most of the students populations are suffering from sleep disturbances and sleep problems. To identify those problems and associated factors, a sample of 311 university students were selected from 6 different universities of Lahore, using the stratified sampling technique. The sample consisted of 152 men and 159 women from BS/MSC and MS/MPhil level. The participants were assessed on Sleep 50 questionnaire (Spoormaker, 2005) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) (Lovibond, 1995) along with few demographic questions. Findings of the study revealed the positive correlation of depression, anxiety and stress with sleep disorders but negative correlation with Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA).Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to identify the group differences on the basis of gender, addiction, type of the cell phone and job status. The results show women, feature phone users and students involved in addiction and part time jobs are more inclined towards sleep disorders.Item Dream-lucidity as a predictor of psychosis proneness in young adults(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Anum AtiqThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between lucid dreaming, psychosis proneness, nightmare and suppression. It was hypothesized that attitude towards dream and dream recall will have a relationship with lucid dream and psychosis proneness, dream lucidity as a predictor of psychosis proneness, suppression and nightmare as mediator and moderator in between the prediction respectively, and the difference by gender and institute among variables. Survey method was used for data collection, where total sample were of (N=220) with Men (n=96) and Women (n=124) of the age range of 18-26. The Inventory of Personality Organization (Lenzenweger, Clarkin, Kernberg & Foelsch, 2001), The Lucid and Consciousness Scale (Voss, et al, 2013), The Mannheim Dream Questionnaire (Schredl, Berres, Klingauf, Schellhaas & Göritz, 2014) and Self-Regulation Withholding Negative Emotion (Kim, Deci & Zuckerman, 2002) were used to access psychosis proneness, lucid dream, nightmare and suppression respectively. Result of Pearson Correlation revealed that attitude towards dream and dream recall is associated with dream lucidity and psychosis proneness. Linear regression revealed that lucid dreaming is a positive and significant predictor of psychosis proneness. Nightmare distress as moderator negatively and significantly influences psychosis while suppression has no influence on psychosis proneness. Similarly, t-test result significantly reported that men were high on dream lucidity and psychosis proneness then women. Present study proves in relevant to our culture that obsession for control of dreams can lead to unhealthy psychological health. Yet lucid dream can be used as a treatment for nightmare distress and our cultural, men dominant nature makes them high among lucid dreaming and psychosis proneness. Further it is guided to explore more causal factors of lucidity predicting psychosis.Item Relational aggression and personality traits in university students(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Tehsina HaiderThe present study aimed to investigate the relational aggression and personality traits among university students. Cross-sectional design was used and data was collected through convenient sampling technique. The sample was comprised of 519 students from eight universities of Lahore. Two were government universities (GCU & PU) and six private universities (UMT, UCP, UOL, LUMS, FASTS & COMSATS). Self-Report of Aggression and Social Behavior Measure, SRASBM-56 items (Morales & Crick, 1998) and Big Five Inventory, BFI-44 item (Goldberg, 1993) along with few demographic questions was administered to the sample. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent sample t-test. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between relational aggression and age (r= .110*). It was found that there is no significant relationship between relational aggression and neuroticism. Moreover, Findings reveal the significant difference between males and females (p<.004) as men (M= 52.28, SD= 13.83) are more involved in relational aggression as compared to women (M= 48.51, SD= 15.53). Limitations and implications were also mentioned in the study. Future suggestions were also given to modify the current study with more generalized sample from the various other universities for more generalized findings.Item Relationship between online gaming aggression and narcissistic trait among university students(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Atiya ZahoorThis study attempts to see the relationship between online gaming, aggression and narcissism among the university students. The findings revealed that online gaming and aggression have a significant positive relationship (r=.47**). In addition, correlation between online gaming and narcissism indicate there was no relation .Online gaming was measured through Internet gaming disorder scale (IGD-SF9) (Pontes & Griffiths 2015), aggression was measured through Buss Perry aggression scale (Buss & Perry ,1992) which measure physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Narcissism was measured by Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 (npi-16) (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006). The results revealed that students who spend more time in online gaming exhibits higher level of aggression. Moreover, findings of current study explored a significant gender differences between violent game user and non-violent game user. The present study further explains there is no significant difference in gender between in playing online games.Item The self in the selfie(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Palwasha NazarGiven the abrupt increase in self-photography and its negative conceptualizations, an empirical investigation of the psychological mechanisms behind selfie-taking and its posting is warranted. The primary objective of this study is to explore the psychopathological underpinnings of selfie-taking and posting. Specifically, we investigated if histrionic and narcissistic tendencies predict excessive selfie-taking and posting. Young adults (n=405) from different universities and colleges of Lahore and Sargodha were conveniently recruited while few participants contributed online. To assess the personality pathology of the participants following self-report measures were administered: Brief Histrionic Personality Sale (Ferguson & Negy, 2014), Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006) , Self –Objectification Scale (Noll & Fredrickson, 1998) along with open-ended questions to evaluate the average frequency of selfie taking and posting. The small positive correlation between narcissistic features and selfie-posting approached significance r (399) =.097, p=.053. The Pearson correlation analysis followed by the regression, showed that there is significant positive correlation, r (399) =.193, p<.01 between selfie posting and histrionic personality traits and predicted selfie posting on social networking sites β=.193, t (198) =3.93, p<.001 with explained 3.8% of variance in men. A negatively significant correlation was found between selfie taking and self-objectification traits r= -.114, p<.05, but not with the selfie-posting. The qualitative analysis explored the perception about purpose of selfie taking as a way to get other’s attention and appreciation by posting them on social media and somehow depicts self-admiration. Besides, the purpose of selfie posting is the approach of self-enhancement and self-promotion on social networking sites and hence, might be associated with narcissistic and histrionic tendencies.Item The impact of peer pressure on self esteem(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Sara ImtiazThis study was based on survey research. It consists of 100 participants (50 women, 50 men) selected from UMT university by convenient sampling. These participants were attending undergraduate programs and their age ranged was between 19-26. Data was collected through questionnaires. Three questionnaires, Peer Pressure Inventory (Brown, Clasen, & Eicher, 1986; Clasen & Brown, 1985), Body Esteem Scale (Fronzoi & Sheilds, 1984) and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) were used in this research. The objectives of the study were to know the relationship between peer pressure, body-esteem, self-esteem as well as GPA and also to discover gender difference between peer pressure, self-esteem and body-esteem. The main objective was to find impact of peer pressure on body-esteem, self-esteem and GPA. Results revealed that women scored less on body-esteem and self-esteem than men as hypothesized. Secondly, degree of peer pressure was not significantly different on men and women. The first hypothesis showed a positive and significant correlation between body-esteem and self-esteem. Peer pressure was major variables of the study. However, hypothesis that students who are under high peer pressure would have low self-esteem, body-esteem and GPA could not be supported because the scale we used to measure peer pressure is more related to delinquent population. The results of the research were discussed and suggestions for further research were also mentioned. The implications of the study were discussed at end of research report. Key words:Item Gender difference on psychological distress among undergraduate students(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Rida Amjad; Warda Afzal; Ahar NadeemThe present study investigated the psychological distress among undergraduates. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be gender differences in depression, stress and anxiety among undergraduate students. Depression, stress and anxiety are likely to differ in undergraduate students. Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale DASS (Clark and Watson, 1991) was used in this study. Between subject design the convenient sample of 200 student including 90 men and 110 women students with the age range of 18-27 years (M= 20.37, SD= 1.64) was taken from private universities of Lahore: Forman Christian College, University of Central Punjab, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Government College University. The result of t-test revealed that that there was non- significant gender difference in depression, stress and anxiety. Furthermore repeated measure ANOVA revealed that there was significant difference between depression, stress and anxiety among students was found. The importance of this study lies in hypothesizing that there is a non-significant result between both genders because of similar treatment and condition in the society.Item Impact of media content on victimization and violent Behavior in offenders(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Havaida MunirDiversity of communication sources such as electronic media play significant role in reducing the distance and make world as a global village. There are many benefits of electronic media but it also carries some negative impact on human behavior. The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of media content on victimization and violent behavior in offenders. This study is an effort to explore the relationship of media content with victimization and violent behavior in offenders. Effect of media content is hypothesized to correlate with victimization and violent behavior in offenders and a predictor of victimization and violent behavior. Further victimization is likely to be predictor of violent behavior and that media content is likely to differently correlate with victimization and violent behavior in offenders from urban and rural areas. Sample of this study consists of 112 male offenders selected through simple random sampling technique. The participants were recruited from district jail Gujrat. Violent History Questionnaire developed by McGrowan (2005) is adapted and translated to assess violent behavior in offenders. Victimization Scale developed by Orpinas (1993) is adapted and translated to assess victimization in offenders. In present study obtained data is statistically analyzed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, Regression Analysis and Independent Sample t-test. Findings of present study reveal that those who watch more romantic comedy and violent content are more prone to be victimized by their peers. Victimization is related with violent behavior. For the sample of offenders from urban areas, this study reveals that victimization is related to violent behavior. In present study age of offender is seen negatively correlated with victimization. Result of current study shows that offenders who watch more romantic comedy content are more prone to be victimized, that may lead the offenders to behave violently. Therefore in current situation media content leave a negative impact on offenders by developing victimization and violent behavior which affect the overall wellbeing of offenders. In increasing ratio of crime in Pakistan, findings of current study can help to make strategies to bring stability in society. However, it is very important to grab attention of parents and concerned responsible authority such as PEMRA in Pakistan to take a step forward and take preventive measures and to censor the damaging and destructive content of media to ensure the welfare of society.Item Nightmare distress and emotion regulation(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Rida Mahwish SiddiquiEmotion regulation has built several trends on emotional development. Emotion and their consequences are the main focus of researchers. The current study hypothesized that nightmare distress is correlated with emotion regulation and the individuals having more nightmares will have higher emotion dysregulation. Further, it was also hypothesized that experience of nightmare distress will be more in women as compare to men. Self-report data was provide by two hundred participants recruited from University of Management and Technology including students. The relation between nightmare distress and emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) was explored. Emotion regulation was assessed by administering Emotion Regulation Questionnaire developed by Gross and John (2003), Nightmare Experience Questionnaire designed by You Xu (2014), and frequency of nightmares, and emotional intensity was assessed on using a protocol made by Zadra (2006). Correlation Analysis reveals that age and cognitive reappraisal was non-significant. Moreover, individuals who expresses more dysregulated emotions will manifest more in nightmares and vice versa. While the experience of nightmare is same for both men and women. The study concludes that cognitive reappraisal is a predictor of nightmare distress. On the other hand, women use expressive suppression as way to regulate their emotions as compared to men, while there is no difference in the usage of cognitive reappraisal. Although this research uses university scaled sample, future research needs to collect more data on a higher scale to gather accurate statistics which can be more generalizable by using indigenous scale.Item Impact of workplace bullying on general health of employees In government and private sectors of pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Ariha khanThe aim of present study is to explorer the impact of workplace bullying on general health of employees in Government and private sector of Pakistan. It also aims at exploring the workplace bullying in relation to poor general health outcomes across both genders. It was hypothesized that workplace bullying likely to have significant impact on general health of employees and employees in government sector show more bullying as compare to private sector .Further, men are more likely to be bullied than their counterparts. In cross sectional study, 113 men and 72 women age ranges from 18 to 67 are selected through convenient sampling technique. The tools which were selected for data collection are NAQ negative act questionnaire to measure the act of bullying at workplace and GHQ general health questionnaire is used to measure the general health of employees. The result of this study show significant positive correlation of work related bullying with general health problems. Men face more bullying in government sector of Pakistan as compare to women. It was concluded that workplace bullying is a significant predictor of general health problem in employees who work in government and private sector of Pakistan. The present study supplements the findings of the previous studies. The most important findings of the study is that men face more workplace bullying as compare to women in government sector of Pakistan.