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Item Impact of Institutional Quality, and Financial Development on Income Inequality(UMT,Lahore, 2021) AYESHA ASHRAFThe main purpose of the study is to analysis the link institutional quality and financial development with income inequality in developing economies using the pool Least Squares (PLS) by via panel data from 1990 to 2018. Here we are using the data of 12 countries. Thesis also investigates the unfair distribution of income. According to this study, we have taken the income inequality as dependent variable and institutional quality, financial development as broad money M2, unemployment, trade openness, external debt and foreign direct investment as independent variables. Income inequality, external debt, unemployment and broad money these variables are under dispersed while the other variable is over dispersed like foreign direct investment. Empirically proves that U-shaped hypothesis for Asian developing countries using POLS approaches. Panel data estimations show that improvement in financial development which causes reduction in income inequality. The research estimations prove that the enhancement in the financial sector. The correlation matrix shows that there is no Multi collinearity among the variablesItem Influence of Terrorism Incidents and Macroeconomic Indicators on Stock Market Performance(UMT,Lahore, 2021-03-12) Rozina WaheedThe stock market is affected by the terrorist attack in a negative way. The main reason to study this research is to investigate the relation between terrorism and stock exchange market over time in a country like Pakistan. The factors such as macroeconomic indicators and terrorists attacks have caused a major problem for developing nations such as Pakistan. Using time series data, this study look-over the repercussion of terrorism incidents and macroeconomic indicators (FDI, Interest rate, government or political stability, new business density and trade openness) on stock market in order to disclose profit opportunities. To examine the effect of terrorism on the stock market of Pakistan, the events that happened during the time period of 1980-2018 are studied. NARDL technique has been applied. The results indicated that stock market deteriorates because of the increase in terrorism events but it recovers faster when the terrorism events tend to decrease. Similarly, other macroeconomic indicators show a significant relationship with the stock market. Results from this research are helpful for tracking and benchmarking objectives regarding their 2021 stock market commitments. Hence, policymakers in developing countries and similar economies should consider the economic development and stock market measures/policies in balance for achieving sustainable growth in the market.Item Connecting Democracy, Military expenditures and Happiness in Developing Economies(UMT,Lahore, 2021-06-02) Fareha NasirThe actual purpose of the study is to explore the link between Democracy, Military expenditures and Happiness in developing economies using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) by via panel data from 2006 to 2019. Here we are using the data of 9 countries. Thesis also investigates the determinants of democracy. According to this study, we have taken the Happiness as dependent variable and DEMO, ENVI, HC, POL.INST, EMP, ME as independent variables. There is a positive relationship between happiness and all other independent variables except human capital which has negative relationship with happiness. The correlation matrix shows that there is no multicollinearity among variables.Item Role of financial development on social development A case of low-income countries(UMT,Lahore, 2021-10-04) Iqra QurbanThe motive of this study is to investigate whether there is a linkage between financial development, economic growth and social development. In order to achieve the study objective, the relationship between financial development, social development and economic growth by using both timeāseries and panel data from 29 low-income countries for the period 1990-2018. The availability of data determined the choice of the sample. Which includes Poverty, Labour Force total, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Trade, Banking sector development, Stock market development, School enrolment (Tertiary), and Domestic Credit are the constructs of financial development and Gross Domestic Product, inflation and Gross National Income for economic growth. Multiple regressions are applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The empirical findings represent that only credit to the private sector has a positive and significant effect on economic growth among the proxies of banking sector development. The study supports the prevalent view that financial development and economic growth knowingly influence social development. Given the evidence, we can reasonably argue that financial development contributes to the economic growth of a country, which further leads to social development and well-being.Item The impact of energy consumption preferences on CO2 emissions from different economic activities(UMT,Lahore, 2021) MUHAMMAD SALMANThe objective of the study is to trace the impact of fossil fuel energy resources and reusable energy resources on the CO2 emissions. To serve the purpose data regarding two of the main sectors of the economy namely: production and logistics along with other control variables is used from IPCC. The study is conducted for top 65 countries of the world from 1970 to 2016. The countries are categorized from most to least in the list of CO2 emissions on the basis of data extracted from World Bank Indicators. This study has estimated two models each of production and logistics taking instance of two energy resources with other independent variables like population density, trade openness and industry value added. The findings of the first model of logistics show that CO2 emissions fall by 2.2% with renewable energy resources. The results of the second model reveal that CO2 emissions tend to increase with fossil fuel energy consumption. Similarly, in case of production, the first model indicates the inverted U shaped graph reflecting the initial increase in CO2 emissions with renewable energy consumption and fall in it eventually in the long run. The impact of other independent variables is subject to the careful implementation as in case of logistics, with renewable energy consumption practices the industry value added shows a substantial 91% decrease in CO2 emissions, although population density a marginal increase of 1% and trade openness shows a decrease in CO2 emissions by almost 90%, while with continuation of fossil fuel energy consumption practices although the CO2 emissions decrease but the impact is very little. Taking instance of production sector the impact with both renewable and fossil fuel energy consumption is little but it would be wise enough for the governments of the countries to adopt renewable energy consumption practices for a longer more prosperous environmental preservation.