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Item THE USE OF DISCURSIVE PRACTICES FOR THE PROMOTION OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Mazhar IqbalA language is a primary source of expressing and reshaping ideology (Fowler, 1985) and politicians use it as a power to put certain ideas into practice (Bayram, 2010). This study aims to highlight political ideology propagated through political language, especially, in the parliamentary discourse. Speeches of the fourteen parliamentarians representing four leading political parties from the third joint session of 2013-2018 tenure, were selected for the analysis. The study used CDA approach for analyzing the underlying ideology in the speeches and seeing the partisan effects in the selected speeches. To investigate an us-them strategy for in-group positive and out-group negative presentation, the study employed three discursive practices i.e. in-group positive presentation vs out-group negative presentation, proximization and clusivity.Item A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ACTOR DELINEATION, ACTION ATTRIBUTION AND EVENT DESCRIPTION IN AFGHAN WARS (1979-1989 & 2001-2008)(UMT, Lahore, 2020) WAQASIA NAEEMThe study explores the linguistic construction of Self and Others by the Chief Martial Law Administrator/President, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haque (Late), and the then Chief Executive/ President Pervez Musharraf (presently living abroad)on Afghanistan wars from 1979 to 1988 and from 2001 to 2008. The data was composed of Zia-ul-Haque and Pervez Musharraf's addresses to the nation, interviews with local and foreign media, and briefings at national and international forums. Wodak's (2001) Discourse Historical Approach, along with Van Leeuwen's Social Actor Representation approach, was used as a theoretical lens to look for linguistic forms, rhetorical devices, and discursive strategies exploited by Zia-ul-Haque and Pervez Musharraf to legitimate their ideologies during these wars. The study reveals that both the military rulers used variouslinguistic forms: adjectives, pronouns, and modality, rhetorical devices: euphemism, metonymy,narratives, denials, hyperbole, nominalization, question/answer pairs, antithesis and rhetorical question to construct the discursive strategies: nomination, predication, argumentation, perspectivation, intensification, and mitigation.Item MORPHOSYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN ACQUIRING URDU AND PUNJABI(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Tahira KhanamThe present research documents the morphosyntactic development of children acquiring Urdu and Punjabi as first Language through quantitative and qualitative data within Generativists and usage based Constructivists’ frame works. A cross-sectional study of total 48 children including 36 Urdu and Punjabi bilinguals age ranged 3.0-6.0 divided into six groups (age wise) i.e. 3.0 - 3.5, 3.5 - 4.0, 4.0 - 4.5, 4.5 - 5.0, 5.0 - 5.5, 5.5 - 6.0, and one group of 12 monolinguals (6 Urdu and 6 Punjabi speaking) age ranged 2.5 - 3.0 participated in this study. They were non-randomly selected. Their acquisition of noun morphosyntax including gender, number and case categories and verb morphosyntax of present progressive and present perfect tenses was judged through picture description task. While for all past tenses including progressive, habitual and perfect and oblique case of infinitive, video clipping, for adjective-noun agreement live enactment and for present habitual, nominative, oblique infinitives and imperative (request form) interview techniques were used.