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Item H.e.a.p generator(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Imran Mehmood Ali; Faisal Mushtaq Rana; Ahmed Zohaib AsgherPrevious studies have shown that not only are piezoelectric materials feasible forenergy harvesting, they are feasible as an energy harnessing medium in shoes duringwalking. Continuing in that vein, this thesis provides new designs to better applymechanical stress and achieve higher power output. Two points of stress duringwalking were used for energy harvesting. 1.) The heel of the shoe, for when aperson's foot first lands on the ground during the initial stage of the step. 2.) The ballthe shoe, for the curling motioning of the foot as the person propels fonvardfinishing a step.A flexible, multilayered insole was developed for the ball of the shoe operation andintegration into the sole of a specially selected "street shoes". The insole consists ofsix layers of PVDF sheets, three sheets per side, adhered to a thick but flexible Nyloncore. The PVDF absorbs the mechanical compression or tension stress, depending onthe side they are on, thereby creating a charge differential across the surface of eachsheet. A rigid, reversed clamshell piezoceramic transducer was developed andintegrated into the heel of the same shoe. The insert consists of two Thunder PZTunimorph connected in parallel and mounted inside a steel housing to facilitateoptimal force transference.The inherent capacitive property of the piezoelectric materials and its very lowfrequency of operation (~- IFlz or 1 step per second), allows for very little current tobe extracted-throiigh conventional full-wave reetifier harvesting circuit. Due toprevious research success with resonating an inductor in series with the piezoelectricsource, an energy harvesting circuit coined "Synchronized Switch Harvesting onInductor" SSHl was utilized to increase power output. However, due to the inabilityto correctly synchronize the switching circuit and lack of proper piezoelectric sourcemodeling, SSHl circuit only provided marginal improvement in power output—10-20% as oppose to previous study demonstrating 250%+ output. Nevertheless, by using only full-wave rectifier harvesting circuits, the new PVDF insole and PZT insert designs have propelled harvestable energy to 1 1-13mW from one shoe, with a combined generation of 22-26mW for both shoes.Item Parallel operations of transformers using “digital control”(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Usman Shafiq; Saddam Hussain; Shehran SafdarIn this project “Parallel operations of transformers using digital control” we are using two transformers, one is main transformer (TF1) and the next is backup transformer (TF2) and both are connected in parallel. Here the load is directly connected to the secondary of the main transformer as well as backup transformer; here two transformers are connected through the relay. The current transformer (CT) senses when the load current increases from the rating current of transformer (TF1), and starts up the transformer (TF2) which acts as a backup transformer. When the current is increased from the rating current of transformer (TF1), the current sensor senses and send the information to the Microcontroller via ADC where the decision is mad. Finally Microcontroller send a signal to the connected Relay between transformer (TF1) and transformer (TF2) then load is shared between both transformers correspondence to their rating. When the load current decreases from the rating current of transformer (TF1) then the transformer (TF2) automatically shut down.The objective of the present project is to satisfy the above needs with an extent. The present system is designed around two transformers. One transformer (TF1) is used as the main supply and the other transformer (TF2) is connected in parallel with transformer (TF1) . These two transformers are connected with the relay which is controlled by the Microcontroller. The loads are connected to the main line (TF1) and as well as to the TF2.Initially TF1 is connected to the load, the loads run with this power. When the current exceeds the limit of TF1, then it is identified by the controller and it immediately switches ON to the TF2 through the relay. The controller continuously monitors the TF1 . When it finds the power on it again switches the loads connection to the main line. All the status of the transformers will be displayed on LCD.Item Color detection via webcam(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Ali Ehsan; Husnain ShabliImage processing is the process of arbitrarily manipulating an image to achieve certain pre-defined requirements. These requirements can range from aesthetic standards to supporting a preferred reality. To be concise, image processing can be defined as a means of translation between the human visual system and digital imaging devices. The human visual system differs greatly from digital imaging devices as it does not perceive the world in the same manner as digital detectors do. Moreover, digital imaging involves noise and bandwidth restrictions imposed by detectors and display devices. Salient differences between the human visual system and digital detectors will be shown in this project report along with the basic processing steps that are needed for translation between the two. It is ensured that the image processing is approached in a manner that is consistent with standard scientific methods to allow others to validate and reproduce the findings. This is done through recording and reporting processing actions ad applying similar treatment to adequate control images.Item Study, analysis and commissioning of 220kv (ehv) gis substation(UMT.Lahore, 2013) MUSTAFA WALEED BUTT; MUHAMMAD BILAL TAHIR; MUHAMMAD WAQAS GHOURIA substation is an integral part of electrical generation, transmission and distribution system. It is an assembly of equipment in an electric power system through which electric energy is passed for transmission, transformation, distribution, or switching. Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility or by large industrial or commercial customers. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and transformers. Substations may be on the surface in fenced enclosures, underground, or located in special-purpose buildings. A grid station is actually a point in the chain of electricity transmission and distribution where power is directed onto the power lines and transformers before it reaches the consumer. In Pakistan, National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC) has control over all properties, rights, assets, obligations and liabilities of 220 KV and 500KV grid stations and transmission lines network. This project deals with 220KV to 132KV under construction Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) substation located at Shalamar town, Lahore. This project will be first of its kind because mostly the analysis done before was on 132KV to 11KV substation. Following are objectives of this project. Things to know about the project are written below This project is funded by JICA(Japan International Cooperation Agency) This project is conducted by NTDC (National Transmission and Despatch Company) so it is acting as a client. Contractors of this project are PEL (Pak Elecktron Limited) and NEIE (New England Industrial Engineering) Consulting firm hired for the designing of this project is BARQAAB BOD NTDC approved to award the subject of contract to manufacturers on 21 may, 2010 Notification of contract was issued on 24 may, 2010 Supply from Mangla power plant is taken at 220kv Kala Shah Kaku Substation From 220kv Kala shah Kaku NTDC had laid transmission lines to 220Kv Ravi Road Substation Between 220kv Kala Shah Kaku Substation and 220kv Ravi Grid Station a transmission line is drawn out to 220kv Ghazi Road Grid Station & 220kv Shalamar Town Grid Station 220kv Shalamar Town Grid Station and 220kv Ghazi Road are connected via a transmission line 220 kv Kala shah kaku, Ravi, Ghazi and Shalamar Grid Stations makes up an interconnected systemItem Simulation of cdma on simulink(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Rabia Ijaz; Nida Ali; Saira ZafarIn our project we have studied, simulated and analyzed CDMA based on spread spectrum technique as used in 3rd generation wireless networks using SIMULINK. We have studied the basics of spread spectrum technology and emerging third-generation CDMA-based mobile radio systems. We have tried to understand why CDMA has taken the mobile wireless world by storm and has become a major Second Generation (2G) technology and the dominant technology choice for Third Generation (3G) systems. We have learned about pseudo-random codes, their role in CDMA systems, and how they offer enhanced privacy, security, call quality, and coverage in comparison to other cellular technologies. We have gained experience on SIMULINK. Understand how CDMA offers increased capacity and improved performance.Item Car crash prevention system using radar and ultrasonic sensors(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Anas Abrar; Bilal Abdullah; Farrukh Zaman KhanThe objective of this project is to develop a prototype model that can prevent crash presentation in cars using radar and ultrasonic sensors.The main aim of this project is to prevent the collision on the road. Many methods have to be followed to prevent the collision on the road, but here radar and ultrasonic sensors are being used. The mother board used as a microcontroller provides some additional features for future enhancement. This project consists of two major units 1) Transmitter Unit and 2) Receiver Unit. This project comprises of three major parts the first one is radar system that is used in the front side which will measure the speed of the hurdle or the automobile and in the front and eventually will calculate the distance between the object and the car in which my system is installed. The second part consists of the side view systems in which ultrasonic sensors are used to calculate the distance between the car and the other car in its side. And the third portion is of the software base in which arduino software and the arduino mother board is used in which all the inputs of the radar, ultrasonic sensors and the hall effect sensors will be given so that the motherboard can take the action against this reaction by applying the brakes using DC motor. The data can be processed by the controller, and drives the motors in the opposite direction. All the status about transmitter end is displayed in LCD. The controller also initiates the Buzzer. This unit is placed in the Car.Item Optimized design of single phase induction motor(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Fahad Alam; Talha Hassan; Hafiz Asim AliThis thesis presents a design methodology and software design tool, which are useful for the design of induction motors and synchronous generators. A user or designer specifies performance requirements and the system synthesizes a set of design parameters which meet those specifications. Optimization may also be performed by the designer with respect to any performance parameter, while keeping other requirements within specified limits.Electric machine design is in general a "hard" problem, and most designers rely on their knowledge, experience, and intuition to design new motors or modify existing ones.of the problems encountered can be traced to non-linearity, coupled equations, categorical variables, and presence of multiple objectives. Analysis of given design variables to compute performance parameters are comparatively easier using circuit equation analysis routines. The converse (synthesis process), where we need to generate a set of design variables matching certain performance criteria, is a much harder problem. This is also the more common problem in a design scenario. We propose a two-step methodology to generate designs matching user requirements, and perform optimizations.In the first step of our methodology, a Monte-Carlo based statistical approach is proposed to circumvent the aforementioned problems. The n-dimensional design space is first reduced to a smaller sub-space which is more likely to contain the desired solutions. A multivariate normal distribution is used to characterize this sub-space. Several designs are generated within this sub-space which allows a user to evaluate multiple design possibilities. All of these designs meet user requirements.These designs are then also used as starting points for further optimization, in thesecond step of our methodology. A statistical function approximation tool called MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spines) is used to "map" the relations between inputsand every performance variable. This map is then used during the optimization processfor obtaining function values and gradients at all locations. A non-linear programmingalgorithm is used to perform all optimizations. Ideas from multiple objective optimizationliteratures are used to account for multiple performance variables.The proposed methodology is implemented in an industrial strength software systemwhich allows a firm to perform multiple scenario analyses, automate the design process, perform optimizations, shorten development lead times, and react fast to customer requests.Several examples using industrial strength circuit analysis routines are presented, and their results analyzed.Even though this approach is applied to the case of induction motors, and synchronousgenerators, it is believed that the methodology is sufficiently general, and would be applicable to many design situations.There are probably more single-phase ac induction motors in use today than the total of all the other types put together.It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type of ac motor should be used most often. The single-phase ac induction motor fits that description.Unlike poly phase induction motors, the stator field in the single-phase motor does not rotate. Instead it simply alternates polarity between poles as the ac voltage changes polarity.Voltage is induced in the rotor as a result of magnetic induction, and a magnetic field is produced around the rotor. This field will always be in opposition to the stator field (Lenz's law applies). The interaction between the rotor and stator fields will not produce rotation, however. The interaction is shown by the double-ended arrow in figure 4-10, view A. Because this force is across the rotor and through the pole pieces, there is no rotary motion, just a push and/or pull along this line.There are several types of single-phase induction motors in use today. Basically they are identical except for the means of starting. Once they are up to operating speed, all single-phase induction motors operate the same.Item Scada based monitoring of distribution transformer(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Naveed Taimoor; Shahan Yamin Siddiqui; Nadeem IqbalThe objective of this project is to develop a prototype model for continuous and real time monitoring of distribution transformer and in case of fault alarms or some kind of signal is send to avoid the flash out of transformer. First of all, CT’s and PT’s are used as current and voltage sensors to step down current and voltage. After that sound card is used as data acquisition device to send these signals to computer software. Software selection for hardware is LABVIEW and since because of unavailability of three phase transformer for prototype model we have selected single phase transformer for hardware prototype and for three phase same procedure is used with three CT’s and three PT’s. For three phase actual transformer we have used MATLAB to show proper connections for both sides of transformer in this way we can make every type of transformer protection including differential protection.Item Optimizing the power for self organized 3gpip long term evolution(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Fawad Hafeez; Taha AsrarIn this research project, we have proposed efficient techniques to optimize the power in self-organized 3GPP Long Term Evolution Networks. The uplink power is optimized using a smart and enhanced channel reporting scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed technique can be analyzed by observing its behavior for all the type of user whether static or mobile and urgent or non-urgent. Efficiency of the techniques is analyzed using MATLAB simulations. Simulation results have demonstrated in comparison to the already proposed methods, where it is shown that the techniques are very much effective in optimizing the uplink power in LTE without making any compromises on the performance of the network.Item Plc based power factor improvement and controlling system(UMT.Lahore, 2013) BILAL ABDULLAH; SUMRAIZ BUKHARI; ABDUL RAUFThis project presents a method of real time power factor improvement with the help of PLC and monochrome human machine interface. In this system PIC microcontroller is collecting the data from the components interfaced and displaying the results on monochrome HMI. PIC microcontroller will also get signal from PLC and showing the further calculations on monochrome HMI. Power factor has been improved by adding capacitors in the load (industrial Fan). Temperature sensor is giving signals showing the temperature of the atmosphere. Potential and current transformers are used to determine the values of current and voltage of the load and they are also interfaced with PIC microcontroller. All these values are also being shown on HMI with a constant clock.Item Fuel monitoring and cost optimization in cellular networks(UMT.Lahore, 2013) (Sajid Ullah khan; Hafiz Khadam Ali; Muhammad ImranThis project is about to design such a system which is based Fuel Monitoring System. As we know that fuel corruption is the main problem for all the telecom operators as much of the time the load shading is occurring and they are force to run their equipment on generator, which is very costly, and mostly they also suffer from fuel corruption b/c fuel is not used completely by the company and the operator they have hired for site use it for personal purpose instead of putting it into the generator due to which company pays a lot of funds for the fuel. This project provides the facility to telecom operators to use the fuel usefully. Another problem to the telecom operators is that they don’t have any information whether the generator is loaded/unloaded and which time the WAPDA power has been disconnected and which time the generator power is supplied to the equipment which is the critical case b/c if a person switched on the generator and there is no power outage, then the generator is unloaded which fuel consumption is less than the normal loaded condition, and they show that they have switched on the generator but company have no information about the generator loaded/unloaded condition, so, our project also provide this facility to the telecom operators and other main organizations, Universities, Schools, Colleges etc. who has generator provided on different sites, sub-branched, campuses and the fuel is provided by the main branch or if the main branch want to have the record of all the branched then this project is very useful for the company. Another problem the companies is that mostly their sites down due to power shortage and they have no information of fuel level in order to provide on time fuel delivery, this project also tells the companies the fuel level of the generator tank. The main components of this project are: microcontroller, GSM, Sensors, LCD Display, Database and GUI, Power supply, Load.Item Gui and zigbee based intelligently decision making shortest path robot(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Faheem Aslam; Hafiz Wajid Aziz; Hafiz Muhammad UsmanDesign a Graphical User Interface based controlled robot which covers the shortest distance from given source to its destination with the help of color sensors and continuous communication through Zigbee Transceiver. The initial and final points are in the form of different nodes on a chip board to which color sensors are attached on every node for giving signal back to us on computer about robot’s recent holding position. Robot takes the input from GUI on computer and move itself to given position with the help of continuous communication between GUI input and sensors by detecting, sensing and passing through different positions. Robot gets input signal and before moving towards the given position it intelligently took decision for the very short path by following Dijkstra’s algorithm and then moves towards its given position. This technology is very useful in navigation systems and in hazardous conditionsItem Hybrid solar and biomass energy(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Hammad Zia; Muhammad Asif; Azhar mehdiShortage of energy is an international issue being hotly debated across different social political and economic spheres. For Pakistan a developing country with further industrialization in progress, such shortage is seeming exacerbate further The most viable solution promising to address such issues in Pakistan case, lies in harnessing the sustainable energy options primarily solar and biomass which are amply available. To plan the most feasible energy solution utilizing freely available solar and biomass energy resources. To implement low power interface between loads and the renewable energy sources. To design a control system ensuring proper distribution of energy among various loads.The project addresses the issue and targets to devise a hybrid solar-biomass energy solution for a rural household having seven people, which is a normal family size in Pakistani villages. Prior to hardware implementation, with help of a literature review and Renewable Energy simulation packages, a detailed study is being conducted to design state-of-the art of the particular idea.Item Solar based hybrid vehicle(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Adnan Sajid; Khurram Shahzad; Muhammad Ali Waqas; Usama Muhammad AwanWe live in a modern world of technology and science man has accomplished and devised efficient which include entertainment, networking comfort, travelling but all this is possible with one thing energy.Energy is produced by power plants which are of several types including hydro, thermal, nuclear or conventional fuel based (petroleum). A huge consumption of fossil fuel is in locomotives area. To this time we are not very successful in achieving efficient and cheap ways of transportation. A large no of vehicles are gasoline based and we all know the problem is that world is running out of its oil reserves and prices are all the time high not to mention at how much it pollutes our environments, having that said our vehicles are also non efficient.So, from above discussion we established that not only we have to squeeze every bit of energy when we are producing it but also save every drop of it when we are spending it hence devising efficient methods by which we can achieve the desired task using less amount of energy. Our focus is mainly on locomotives; Word Hybrid is very popular these days, in simple word Hybrid means to join two of technologies into one. One covers the deficiencies of other and the result is more efficient operation in comparison to either one of them.The purpose of the project is to implement the concept of hybrid and establish an algorithm which is the most efficient and adopt intelligent method for power consumption.Item Cleaning in place automatic plant(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Sajid Amjad; Husnain Manzoor Sulehria; Ahmad HassanCleaning In place (CIP) is a method used for cleaning of filling machines and process equipment without disassembling them. Programmable logic controller (PLC) is used to automate this electro-mechanical process in which different detergents are used for cleaning. Solenoid valves control the movement of chemicals. In addition to this, maintained temperature is required because correct temperature of the detergent is important to dissolve the product leftovers. Moreover, turbulence is needed which can be generated by frictional forces at the confining solid walls for the removal of product remnants. This time based process is done in such a way that three tanks are used for the storage of chemicals whereas PLC is programmed with the intention that solenoid valves would manage the movement of detergents. Heater and temperature sensor is placed to maintain the required temperature. Pump is used to create a pressure while flow meter is designed and installed to measure the flow. It is important to do CIP after the end of the production in order to prevent the product from getting dry and to avoid the microbiological growth. Automation provides us optimized productivity with the quality services beyond the current quality of human labor. It is highly applicable in food industry.Item Intelligent automobile kit(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Imran; Waqar Ahmad; Muhammad Bin IslamItem Gps and gsm based human health monitoring system(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Ejaz Ahmed Khan; Junaid Liaqat; Rana Umair AhmedIn this era technology is running with time it completely occupied the life style of human beings. It is being used everywhere in our daily life to fulfil our needs. We are making use of different sensors for different applications and sometimes we may even use same sensors differently for different applications. We can not only increase the speed of life but also increase security with good ideas by making use of latest technology. In this project we are employing technology to sense serious health problems so that efficient medical services can be provided to the patient in appropriate time. Some severe diseases for example heart failure needs close and continual monitoring procedure after diagnosis, in order to prevent mortality or further damage to the mentioned diseases or disorders. Monitoring of these patients, usually, occur at hospitals or healthcare centres. However, the patients are often too early released, due to need of hospital bed for another patient on the waiting list, who needs to be hospitalized immediately. As population increases and demand for services increases, the ability to maintain the quality and availability of care is achieved by this project. This project aims in sending alert messages in emergency times e.g. when a person is alone in home or travelling, if he got heart attack then alerting messages will be send to the mobile phone. The message consists of location of that person also. Here we get the alerting message from the GSM modem (SMS Message) and the location of that person can be traced with the help of GPS. The GPS stands for Global positioning system. This GPS receiver is capable of identifying the location in which it was present in the form of latitude and longitudes. We used heartbeat sensor made by combination of LED and LDR for measuring heart beat. Depending upon the rate of circulation of blood per second the heart beat rate per minute is calculated. Temperature sensor is used to give temperature of that person also. This device consists of a microcontroller which takes the input from the heart beat sensor and temperature sensor and calculates the heart rate and temperature of patient. The micro controller also takes the responsibility to send message through GSM modem and track location through GPS.Item Enhanced railway traffic system(UMT.Lahore, 2013) FAIZAN ALI SOHAIL; M.AFZAAL; SHEHROZE TAHIRThe basic criterion behind this report is to provide the information regarding the railway traffic systems. The information of the railway traffic system is based on the system of Pakistan. This report will have the knowledge that what is the present system and how it can be improved. Because problem in railway traffic should be sort out to reduce the incidents happening due to railway traffic system. This report contains the introduction, the improvements of the railway traffic system and all the things required to accomplish the improvement.Item Maximum power point tracking of solar power system(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Rehan Saleem; Muhammad Furqan; Fazal Wadood BhattiPhotovoltaic (PV) energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and inexhaustible. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the maximum power point (MPP). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control the dc/dc converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current for the maximum output power. Algorithms for seeking the maximum power point are grouped as either direct or indirect methods. The indirect methods (‘‘quasi seeks’’) have the particular feature that the MPP is estimated from the measures of the PV generator’s voltage and current PV, the irradiance, or using empiric data, by mathematical expressions of numerical approximations. Therefore, the estimation is carried out for a specific PV generator installed in the system. Thus, they do not obtain the maximum power for any irradiance or temperature and none of them are able to obtain the MPP exactly. Subsequently, they are known as ‘‘quasi seeks’’. Nevertheless, the direct methods (‘‘true seeking methods’’) can also be distinguished. They offer the advantage that they obtain the actual maximum power from the measures of the PV generator’s voltage and current PV. In that case, they are suitable for any irradiance and temperature. All algorithms, direct and indirect, can be included in some of the DC/DC converters, Maximum power point tracking (MPPTs), for the stand-alone systems.Item Design of blind aid-system to assist walk around for visually impaired people(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Syed Junaid Hassan; Naveed Asghar; Shazib RiazThe main purpose of the project is to develop a vision system that will enable a person to navigate hallways and around large objects , through the use of an ultrasonic path finder that interfaces with the user via tiny vibrating motors mounted on the user’s hand. The rationale behind this project was to develop a sensory system to enable the blind persons to navigate with the help of GPS, so they can walk around without carrying white cane. We also wanted to use one of the existing senses in helping out people. The report initially gives the main idea about project. Then the development of hypothetical vision substitution for blinds and the research work done on it is documented. Further in report we have explained the problem statement and the logical structure for its solution. The hardware components used in the project are also mentioned along with a description of software approach used. Finally the results of testing and evaluation of our project are explained in detail. We have also discussed the future prospects of the hypothetical vision substitution for blinds. This report also states the research on the effectiveness of the hypothetical vision substitution and different ways of increasing the touch sensation to provide a comfortable and better user experience. It provides the basis for a tactile interface that would be programmable as well, and provides the blinds with many useful applications.