Department of Clinical Psychology
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Item Perceived parental practices and mental health problems: cross-cultural validation of embu-c on Pakistani adolescents FWU.(Journal of Social Sciences., 2015) Sadia Saleem; Sara Subhan; Zahid MahmoodThis study provides a validation of EMBU-C on Pakistani adolescents. 1279 adolescents were selected through multistage sampling with the age range of 12-18 (M 13.93, SD 1.83). The participants were given a modified version of EMBU-C Muris, Meesters, & van Brakel, 2003), School Children Problem Scale (SCPS, Saleem & Mahmood, 2011) and a demographic performa. The result showed that EMBU-C produced almost similar factorial structure to the original (4 factors).The EMBU-C was found to have satisfactory internal consistency and proved a reliable and valid scale for Pakistani culture. The results revealed the perceived Parental Warmth was found to be a negative predictors and Parental Rejection was found to be a positive predictor of mental health problems (p<0.001). The results are discussed in terms of gender differences and cultural and clinical implication of parental rearing practices.Item Intimate relationships in university students: A psychometric approach.(Gomal University Journal of Research, 2016-12-02) Gulzar, Shazia; Mahmood, Zahid; Saleem, SadiaThe current research explored the expression of intimate relationship in university students in Pakistani cultural context. In the first phase of the study, 20 university students were interviewed individually to generate the item pool. It resulted in the generation of 71 items on intimate relationship as experienced and expressed by university students. After excluding the repetition and redundant items 35 finalized items were piloted on 30 university students as a self-report measure of 4 point rating scale (Intimate Relationship Scale). Finally a stratified sample of 223 university students (45.9% men and 54.1% women) was given the final list of 35 items scale and a demographic form. Principal component factor analysis revealed two factor solution namely intimacy in relationship and conflict in relationship. The Intimate Relationship Scale found to have acceptable psychometric properties. The results of the research are discussed in the light of cultural context and its implication for the university students.Item Development of a brief multicultural version of the test of mobile phone dependence (tmdbrief) questionnaire.(Frontiers in Psychology, 2016-05-25) Mujahid, AymanThe Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD) questionnaire (Chóliz, 2012) evaluates the main features of mobile phone dependence: tolerance, abstinence syndrome, impaired impulse control, associated problems, excessive use, etc.Item Perceived interpersonal relationship, sense of self efficacy and mental health problems in teachers of special education and mainstream schools(2016) Amna RamzanThis study was aimed to investigate the perceived interpersonal relationship, sense of self efficacy and mental health problems among special and mainstream schools teachers. This study was carried out in series of phases. Firstly phenomenology of interpersonal relationship was explored. A list of 34 items was generated and converted into self-report measure by using Semantic Differential Technique. After pilot study, in main studya sample of 300 teachers, (150 special education schools and 150 teachers) were selected by using multistage sampling strategy with the age range of 28-50 (M 35.90, SD 6.04). Three Scales Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), Teachers Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Result of factor analysis revealed two factors namely Positive Interpersonal Relationship and Negative Interpersonal Relationship. The result of hierarchical regression analysis showed that the teachers of special education teachers have more mental health problems, negative interpersonal relationships and poor sense of self efficacy than mainstream teachers. Results are discus in terms of counselling services.Item Dyslexia a myth or reality: Identification of dyslexia in school children of grade fourth and fifth(FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 2014) Fatima Naeem; Zahid Mahmood; Sadia SaleemThe concept of dyslexia has been with us for nearly 200 years, yet the controversy about its existence has been a debatable issue among Researchers, Educationalists and Psychologist. The scope of dyslexia expanded from Word Blindness to spectrum of Specific Learning Difficulties affecting school children. Dyslexia manifests itself in the area mainly in reading and for some children writing and arithmetic difficulties co-occur, creating discrepancy between ability and achievement. Recently the debate about the diagnosis of dyslexia has been raised particularly its relevance in third world countries. The purpose of current study was investigate Spectrum of specific learning difficulties in young school children of grade 4th and 5th. The assessment was carried in group and individual setting. 900 school children boys 433(48.3%) and girls 467(51.7 %), age ranges from 9-12 years; were assessed. series of tests used specifically assessing symptoms of specific learning difficulties. The results showed much wider range of cognitive deficits across three level of achievement, yet it is not consistent with the diagnosis of dyslexia. The results were discussed in the light of observation drawn from the third world countries, where difficulties in academics mimic dyslexia.Item Risk and protective factors of emotional and behavioral problems in school children: a prevalence study(Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research,, 2013) Sadia Saleem; Zahid MahmoodA sample of 5053 school children (51% girls and 49% boys) with the age range of 13-17 (M = 14.40, SD = 1.25) from 43 government schools in the city of Lahore were selected through multistage sampling method. An indigenously developed School Children Problems Scale (SCPS; Saleem & Mahmood, 2011) was used as a self report measure to determine the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems of children. Going by the intensity measure on the total of SCPS 31% participants fell in the severe category (one standard deviation above the mean) of these 16% fell in the very severe category (two standard deviations above the mean). By the frequency count, 21% of the sample scored above the 90th percentile. The most frequently reported problem was Anxiousness (16%) followed by Feelings of Rejection (15%) and Academic Problems (15%). Results are discussed in terms of the manifestation of emotional and behavioral problems in school children in traditional and collectivistic cultures, and their relationship with social demographic factors was also explored.Item Mental Health Problems in University Students: A Prevalence Study(FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 2013) Sadia Saleem; Zahid MahmoodA survey of mental health problems of university students was carried out on 1850 participants in the age range 19-26 years. An indigenous Student Problem Checklist (SPCL) developed by Mahmood & Saleem, (2011), 45 items is a rating scale, designed to determine the prevalence rate of mental health problem among university students. This scale relates to four dimensions of mental health problems as reported by university students, such as: Sense of Being Dysfunctional, Loss of Confidence, Lack of self Regulation and Anxiety Proneness. For interpretation of the overall SPCL score, the authors suggest that scores falling above one SD should be considered as indicative of severe problems, where as score about 2 SD represent very severe problems. Our finding show that 31% of the participants fall in the “severe” category, whereas 16% fall in the “very severe” category. As far as the individual dimensions are concerned, 17% respondents comprising sample of the present study fall in very severe category Sense of Being Dysfunctional, followed by Loss of Confidence (16%), Lack of Self Regulation (14%) and Anxiety Proneness (12%). These findings are in lying with similar other studies on mental health of students. The role of variables like sample characteristics, the measure used, cultural and contextual factors are discussed in determining rates as well as their implications for student counseling service in prevention and interventionItem Development and validation of social intelligence scale for University students(Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 2013) Habib, Shazia; Saleem, Sadia; Mahmood, ZahidThe present research was undertaken to develop and validate the social intelligence scale. Attributes of social intelligence were elicited from 35 university students. After empirical validation, 431 university students were asked to rate themselves on the 98 item on a 4-point scale. Factor analysis revealed five factors namely; Social Manipulation (SM), Social Facilitation (SF), Social Empathy (SE), Extroversion (E), and Social Adaptability (SA). SM and SA appeared to be the two ends of social skills judged to be negative and positive. SM comprising rather devious set of items used to exploit others for selfish ends. SA represented honest and sincere interaction with others resulting in mutual benefit. SF was positively related to SE and SA whereas SM was not. Extroversion correlated highly with all factors. Construct validity was established with the help of Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (Bar-On, 1997) and test retest reliability was also found to be satisfactory. The findings are discussed in terms of the factor structure and function of SI in the context of the culture.