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Item Globalization and Governance: Do They Control Brain Drain in Pakistan?(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Ahsan NajeebItem Dynamics of Financial Crisis and its Effects on Economic Growth in Central Eastern and European Economies(UMT.Lahore, 2017-10-26) Kinza MubeenThe aim of this study is to examine the dynamics of financial crises and its effect on economic growth in case of CEE economies by using direct effect (using binomial and continuous indicators) and indirect effect (using mediator approach). In this study panel data has been taken for the period of 1996 to 2014 and dynamic panel data models (PMG, MG and DFE) are used for empirical investigation. It is concluded from the econometric analysis that financial crises, unemployment, population growth and inflation has a negative and significant impact on economic growth while the relationship between trade openness and economic growth is positive and significant in case of Central Eastern and European economies. When the financial crises hit the stable economies it will lead toward the downsizing in labor markets due to which unemployment rises, inflation increases which results in lower purchasing power, trade related activities decline which cause loss of competiveness and population growth become a burden for the economies. Overall map of economic growth and development go downward when the crises hit the economies. Results shows that financial crises hit CEE economies drastically and a balanced growth pattern and better fiscal and monetary policies can be helpful for these economies in order to avoid such crises in future.Item TESTING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNANCE ON POVERTY A CASE OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Samra BukhariThe presence study analyze the impact of governance on poverty in case of developing countries, using the panel data of 113 developing countries for the period range from 2005-2016. The indicators of governance are extracted from World Governance Indicators, and an overall index is constituted using factor analysis. This study has estimated seven models with different proxies of governance and other controlling variables. The results estimated from the Anderson and Hsiao estimator model, and confirmed that all governance indicators have negative relationship with poverty both in short and long run. While trade openness is negatively related with poverty, and development expenditure have negative and significant association with poverty. Competitiveness also tends to reduce poverty. Hence improving the governance quality can be a source of poverty eradication policy for developing economies.Item Impact of Competitiveness on the Economic Growth: A Panel Moderator Approach(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Sadaf ShaheenThis study builds on the model of real sector (agriculture, industry and service sector) to growth productivity, with an objective to explore the influence of competitiveness on the productivity of the real sector and economic growth and compared 115 countries in 4 different groups based on their income levels. These groups were high income group, upper middle income group, lower middle income group and low income group which were identified by the Global Competitiveness Report. This study has used panel moderator approach to evaluate the effect of competitiveness on the real sector to growth productivity. The study concluded that overall competitiveness has positive effect on economy growth. While discussing the indirect effect of competitiveness in overall country group, the results show that higher level of competition positively boosts the agriculture productivity, and in industry productivity, while it lowers the productivity of service sector. For the case of high income countries competitiveness is fruitful for agriculture and industry sector productivity. The major contribution of competitiveness is that it completely changes the negative effect of increase in agriculture value added to positive effect except for high income countries. Competitiveness also supports the industry sector and service sector except for high income countries, where higher competition leads to reduce the sellers’ control over the price and increasing the market demand. The study recommends the improvement in competitiveness as it will lead to higher productivity of the agriculture and services sector for the less developed economies.Item THE EFFECT OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2017-12) Aasma YaseenThe aim of this study is to explore the effects of infrastructure development on social development in Pakistan. Time series data set is taken for the period from 1982 to 2016. ARDL co-integration technique is applied to find long run and short run relationship between social development and its factors in Pakistan. This study segregated social development into two models; one is poverty and other model is inequality. The selected explanatory variables are infrastructure capital, human capital, gross domestic product per capita, migration and globalization. This study results show that infrastructure has negative and significance effect on poverty and inequality. The empirical findings of the study supported the predicted theory that better infrastructure improved social development and helps to reduce inequality. Infrastructure, especially transport and communication, helps to increase the pace of growth. Energy crisis is one of the major issue that adversely effect the economy of Pakistan. The government slighter invests in social sector due to which decline in human capital (as a proxy of education and health) has positive and significant impact on increasing poverty. Human capital strongly associated with social development; statistically it is proved that increase in human capital declined inequality significantly. Gross domestic product per capita income plays an important supporting role in social development it significantly decreases poverty. Similarly Gross domestic product per capita also helps to declining income inequality, by enhancing per capita inequality can reduce significantly. Migration that positively impact on poverty but it is statistically insignificant. Globalization impact on poverty is positive but very low magnitude; it leads inequality upward and has significant impact. Finally based on these results, this study concludes that Government should promote and reallocate spending on human capital (education & health) and emphasis for promoting of social development.Item In the wake of Asian afire Theoretical and Empirical Implications(UMT.Lahore, 2017-09) Ada JafferyThis academic research has elaborated the dynamics of civil conflict in general and ethnic conflict in specific. It has not only elucidated the theoretical complexities associated with the term ethnic conflict but has also illustrated the potential causes behind the intensification of such conflicts. Ethnically diverse Asian economies that have been enflamed with the ethnic conflict during the post cold war are taken in the study. Model has statistically inferred firstly, that countries with higher state capacity have a higher tendency of facing ethnic conflict. Secondly, social uplifting of society through internationalization adds fuel to the fire of existing conflict whereas domestic social elevation acts as a device for mitigating conflict. Thirdly and lastly, stable political settings of a state act as a barrier for ethnic conflict and help countries in lessening the conflict turmoil. On the basis of the empirical findings, this study has put froth some policy recommendations using economic, political and social tools.Item The Impact of Age Structure on The Impact of Age Structure on National Savings and Investment(UMT.Lahore, 2017-08) Mehwish AbbasThis study attempts to investigate the factors that affect the saving and investment in Pakistan. This study uses time series data for the sample period from 1976 to 2014 and applies stationary test suggested by Kwiatkowski et al. (1992) to inspect unit root problem. This study then uses Pesaran et al. (2001) view about cointegration to investigate cointegration between saving and its factor of models and between investment and its factor of models and considers various diagnostic tests such as serial correlation test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test, functional form test and stability test to filter the empirical results. The estimates of stationary test suggested by Kwiatkowski et al. (1992) report evidence of mixed order of integration. The estimated results of person et al. (2001) view about cointegration confirmed evidence of long run linkage between Saving, Investment and its factors in Pakistan. Basically, this study is based on three models of saving and three models of Investment in which we use other control variables for all models like Gross Domestic Product, Per Capita Income, real interest rate, youth population, working age population and old age population. The empirical results for the saving model demonstrate that youth population has a negative and significant impact on saving in both short and long term. Working age population and old age population have a positive and significant impact on saving in both short and long term. GDP and per capita income have a significant and positive impact on saving but real interest rate has a negative and significant impact on all three models of saving. So, first age has positive and significant impact on investment but second and third age have negative but significant impact on investment in both short term and long term. GDP has positive and significant impact on investment in both short term and long term in all three model of investment that means more investments in a country enhances growth. Per capita income has a significant but negative impact on investment in long term in all three models of investment but in short term with youth population and working age population it has negative but insignificant impact on investment but in old age population per capita income has negative and significant impact on investment. Finally based on these results, this study concludes that Government should promote the skills and education for Youngsters in Pakistan.