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Item MARRIAGE TRAFFICKING IN CHITRAL(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Surraya KawsarMarriage trafficking in Chitral is a serious issue with significant socio-cultural and economic implications. Despite its long prevalence in the fabric of society, it remains divorced from the public discourse. Resultantly, it remains largely under-studied, and inadequately addressed pavingthe path towards a gradual rise in the number of innocent females being exploited under the disguise of marriage. This research project integrating the theories of social constructivism and human security theory aims to dig deep into the root causes of such exploitations and the motivating factors that drive people into accepting marriage proposals from unauthentic sources.Item US-INDIA PARTNERSHIP IN QUAD(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Tayyaba JafferyThe international security environment in the post-Cold War scenario has changed dramatically giving rise to regional systems in which the pursuit of security is impossible without cooperation. One of the most prominent examples of this trend to have emerged in the 21st century is the Indo-Pacific construct that is witnessing new patterns of security convergences and divergences. The main driving force behind this altering strategic landscape is China’s wherewithal which has necessitated the collaboration of major regional countries such as the United States, India, Japan, and Australia in the region. It is their mutual apprehension and antagonism towards China that has allowed them to conjoin through a Quadrilateral Security Dialogue – the QUAD.Item Feminist Movement and Women Empowerment in Pakistan(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Umber Iftikhar VirkThis current study investigates feminist movement and women empowerment in Pakistan through an analysis of 200 respondent aged 18 to 35 years, with diverse educational backgrounds through structured questionnaires. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was run to identify the key factors influencing these perceptions, including the importance of equal opportunities, urban-rural disparities, and the roles of feminism and women's rights organizations. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.633, and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (p = 0.0005), confirming the data's suitability for factor analysis. Moreover, “Intersectionality” Theory was applied in context of women empowerment and feminist movement. The findings reveal a prevalent recognition of gender disparities, with respondents acknowledging the under-representation of women, wage disparities between urban and rural areas, and the impact of patriarchal structures on women's opportunities.Item Assessing Factors Influencing Women's Political Participation(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Ayesha khanThis research paper focused on the Systemic barriers to women's political participation in Rahim Yar Khan District, Pakistan. Based on the analysis of survey data and Elite interviews, this study explores the sociocultural and economic factors inhibiting women’s electoral participation. The theoretical framework adopted by this study is liberal feminism which states that which assumes that the societal power structure discriminates against women. A thematic literature review on women's political participation in global, regional, national, and local Rahim Yar Khan indicates that challenges include cultural or structural barriers, education and information, gender roles, and economic dependence.Item Empowering Balochistan’s Youth: Evaluating Government's Efforts and the Youth's Initiatives with Challenges and Opportunities for Peace(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Saad FaridThe issue of Balochistan is one of the most important concerns for Pakistan’s national sovereignty and integrity. This study explores the role of the government of Pakistan in empowering the youth of Balochistan and investigates how the youth of Balochistan can serve as a driving force for peace. John Galtung’s positive peace theory offers valid arguments to examine how the government of Pakistan can play a significant role in bringing peace to Balochistan. The study also shows how the youth of Balochistan plays a key role in shaping the future. This research finds challenges and opportunities for the Youth of Balochistan in taking peace-building initiatives. The qualitative research methodology is adopted in this research. A survey is conducted by the stakeholders of Balochistan which is the primary source of this study. The study recommends and elaborates on the importance of the participation of the Government and the Youth of Balochistan in bringing sustainable peace to the province of Balochistan.Item ROLE OF FACEBOOK ALGORITMIC CURATION & GENERATIVE AI IN POLITICAL POLARIZATION(UMT.Lahore, 2024) ALI RAZAThis research paper investigates the impact of AI Algorithmic curation and filter bubbles on the spread of misinformation and political polarization in Pakistan. It also highlights the recommendation system of Facebook and its role in exposing users to content based on selective exposure. The role of AI and recommendation algorithm curation in spreading misinformation, and deepening polarized political views have raised concerns. The Social Media Algorithmic Curation crafts a system based on personalization that improves user experience on the platform and maximizes engagement. However, this technique is also deepening polarization in society by reinforcing pre-existing beliefs and limiting dissenting viewpoints.Item CONVERSION/REPARATIVE THERAPIES(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Ahmed AtiqueThe ability to change one’s sexual orientation or gender identity through medical or religious methods is an extremely questionable practice. It works to recruit voluntary people (often involuntary) and subject them to extreme practices so that they can conform with the norms of the Pakistani society. However, the question lingers whether the result of such claims is as successful as it is in getting its “patients” and what effect do these “therapies” have on them? I will argue in my paper that conversion therapies have an effect on the political mindset of queer community in Pakistan. The absence and minimal discourse on this topic in political and surprisingly even medical academic discussions, in the context of Pakistan, does leave a large gap to be explored in gender studies specifically focusing on human security. Moreover, the undiscovered connection likely explains the status quo of political activism in Pakistan which unknowingly to the contemporary mainstream literature, tends to go against the normative social and political standings of the nation.Item Assessing the Evolution of Nuclear Proliferation and Deterrence Strategies: A Comparative Analysis of Iran’s Asymmetric Approach and North Korea’s Regime Survival Tactics(UMT.Lahore, 2024) M. Sheharyar KhanThe most complex challenge to global security today is the proliferation of nuclear weapons with Iran and North Korea as two key cases. This comparative analysis looks at the development of nuclear proliferation and deterrence strategies used by Iran and North Korea. The focus is on their asymmetric ways and toward regime survival tactics. This research explores a multidisciplinary lens in its historical, theoretical, and strategic context with respect to the motivation and effectiveness of their nuclear pursuits. Based on rational choice theory and deterrence theory, the research uses a theory-driven research approach to explore the historical evolution of the nuclear programs of these two states, the strategic objectives driving their nuclear pursuits, and the strategies for deterrence they utilize. This study assesses effectiveness and consequences, as well as sheds light on the impact of such strategies on regional stability, global security dynamics, and implications for future research and policy.Item IMPACT OF FLOODS ON FOOD SECURITY IN PAKISTAN(UMT.Lahore, 2024) ATTIQ HUSSAINPakistan faces a daunting problem because of the widespread effects of flooding on food security. This study explores the complex relationship between floods and food security, focusing on the gap between policy formulation and practical responses. Despite the existence of comprehensive methods and policies aimed at mitigating the impact of floods, and their impact on food security, significant mistakes are frequently made in their implementation. This study examines the intricate ways in which floods disrupt the production of food, the structure of ecosystems, supply chains, and food entry, leading to heightened vulnerability within networks. The analysis shows how damage caused by floods to agricultural land, buildings, and jobs exacerbates food insecurity, particularly in rural areas. It also assesses the effectiveness of existing policies, such as early warning systems, disaster recovery plans, and food assistance initiatives, highlighting areas in which these measures fall short.