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Item Role of management for implementing quality practices in higher education(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Ayesha ArshadAcademic achievement of students is highly concerned with teachers’ accessibility. There is a close relationship between teacher and student and this attachment sometimes helps them in good learning and sometimes can lead to their serious kind of loss in their academic achievement in the absence of the teacher. That is why IMPLEMENTING QUALITY PRACTICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION has become an important issue all across the world. In the recent decades, higher education (HE) has expanded considerably and quality maintenance and measurement have become a difficult task in higher education. Top management plays an important role for quality implementation in higher education institutions. The current study was designed to explore the role of top management in implementing quality practices in higher education. The nature of the study was quantitative and survey design was used to carry out the research. The population of the study was consisting of all the faculty members of UMT (private sector) and the University of Punjab (public sector) Lahore. The sample was 200 faculty members including 100 from the private sector (UMT) and 100 from the public sector (PU). The simple random sampling technique was used. A survey instrument was developed and used to collect data. Questionnaires were delivered through emails. The data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Percentages, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also used to answer the research questions. The study resulted that both male and female teachers’ had perceived equally towards quality practices implementation at the university level. It was concluded both teachers’ holding the administrative post and not holding the administrative post, had perceived equally towards quality practices implementation at the university level. It was concluded that teachers’ having various experience groups, had perceived a different attitude towards quality practices implementation at the university level. The study has recommended that top management may review the quality implementation policies so that improvement could be made immediately and timely. Teachers’ must be focused on the implementation of quality of services criteria in their organization. Keywords: higher education, quality education, quality practices, management implementationItem Effects of ict on student learning at secondary level in private schools of punjab(UMT.Lahore, 2017) MARYAM ZAHRAIn the formation of the modernized society, the communication technology is becoming basic formation material in very short period. Most of the countries of the world now recognizing the importance of the communication technology in the education as well as other fields of the life. Every institution is providing the crucial skills to their students in the education field to coop with the modern world in each and every field (UNESCO, 2002). Learning processes in public and private educational institution in Punjab are victimizing due to the lack of resources, skills staff, and cooperation of the Government. The objectives of the current study were as: 1); to find effects of obtainability of ICT resources on students learning at the the secondary level in private schools of Punjab (Pakistan). 2); to identify effects of approachability of ICT resources on students learning at the secondary level in private schools Punjab (Pakistan). 3); to explore effects of user-ability of ICT resources on students learning at the secondary level in private schools of Punjab (Pakistan). In the study researcher used the quantitative method of the research which is the descriptive nature. 250 participants filled the questionnaire of which 150 were the male students and 100 were the female students. A correlation test was applied for identifying the effects if independent variables on student learning. Regression test applied for checking the relationship among different variables. ANOVA test was applied for checking the comparison between students’ age and Obtainability, Sufficiency, Approachability and User ability of ICT resources. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between sufficiency and students learning, the results indicate that there is a strong relationship between approachability and students learning and the results indicate that there is a strong relationship between user ability and students learning if the user ability of ICT resources is positive in schools than the students learning is good and if the user ability of ICT resources is negative in schools than the students learning is not good. According to third research objective user ability of ICT resources has effects on students learning. The infrastructure of the schools of the district Lahore is poorly farmed, randomly distributed and lack of ICT new technology. However, the ICT resources like multi-media projectors, computer labs and other ICT related resources distributed fairly. The future researchers can research the Effects of ICT on students learning at the secondary level in public schools of Punjab (Pakistan). Keywords: ICT, learning, technology.Item A correlation study of teachers’ turnover and students’ achievement at secondary level at lahore(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Shehreen HassanAcademic achievement of students is highly concerned with teachers’ accessibility. There is a close relationship between teacher and student and this attachment sometimes helps them in good learning and sometimes can lead to their serious kind of loss in their academic achievement in the absence of the teacher. That is why teacher turnover has become an important issue all across the world. The teacher turnover issue arose as a significant problem that affects students’ academic achievement and learning. The study was designed to find out the possible correlation of teacher turnover with student achievement at the secondary level of private schools of Lahore district. The study has determined the factors of teacher turnover in different schools of Lahore, moreover, the study has examined the relationship between teacher turnover and student achievement at the secondary level. The nature of the study was correlation and survey-based using the quantitative methods of data collection. The population of the study was consisting of private schools of Lahore district at the secondary level. The structured questionnaire was adopted containing 28 questions for the teachers and a four column performa was adopted for the schools’ administration to examine the students’ achievement. Teacher turnover was represented by the number of teachers that were present in the schools in the starting of the academic session and the number of teachers that left at the end of the academic session. The student achievement was taken by the results of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education of Lahore. Sampling technique was convenient. The data from the school administration was taken from (n=40) private schools of Lahore and the data from teachers was collected from (n=250) secondary teachers of Lahore district. The Data analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were used to explain the different factors. The study resulted that there is positive as well as negative correlation between teachers’ turnover and student achievement, in the session 2013-2014 there was a negative correlation between student achievement and teacher turnover, whereas in session 2015-2016 there was a positive correlation between the teacher turnover and student achievement. In the light of this study, it is recommended that school organizations should give proper instructional facilities and adequate salary to teachers to reduce the rate of teacher turnover. Future study can be conducted that will be based on this research that how to develop a strategy in order to reduce teacher turnover at secondary level. This future research will help to reduce teachers’ turnover and sustain student achievement. Keywords: turnover, achievementItem Challenges of industrial worker in the schooling of their children(UMT.Lahore, 2017) MUHAMMAD SALEEMBasic education is fundamental right of every human social, economic and personal development. The educational statistics represented that Pakistan failed to meet all commitments. This study explores the “challenges of industrial worker in the schooling of their children”. The research method was quantitative in nature. A questionnaire was formulated for this study. In this study industrial worker (n=300) from the Gujranwala city selected for the survey. The results of the quantitative survey were analyzed through SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were calculated. ANOVA was used to calculate the significance between socioeconomic status and industrial workers’ attitude towards the schooling of their children. The correlation was used to find the correlation between workers’ attitude towards the schooling of their children, attitude towards teachers, economic barriers, and school infrastructure. However, it was concluded that workers’ attitude affected by these factors then ultimately schooling of their children was affected. The social status of the workers has great influence on the schooling of workers’ children. Results represented that Industrial workers’ attitude towards education was strongly correlated and there is a strong relationship between cost/economic barriers, Industrial workers’ attitude towards teachers and with current school infrastructure. Finally, it was revealed that industrial worker faces a lot of problems in the schooling of their children. Further researches can be conducted to find out the basic needs of the industrial workers in the schooling of their children in Punjab (Pakistan).Item Impact of work family conflict on female teachers in lahore(UMT.Lahore, 2017) MUHAMMAD ANWARABSTRACT Organizational psychologists and researchers have attempted to study work-family conflict. It is the need of the hour to identify work-family conflicts among female teachers in educational organizations. The objectives of the study were: to assess the level of work-family conflict among female teachers in Lahore; find out the level of family-work conflict of female teachers in Lahore; identify the impact of female teachers’ work-family conflict on students’ learning process; find out the correlation between family-work conflict, work- family conflict and students’ learning process. Quantitative research methodology was used to achieve the objectives. The questionnaire consists of 46 items with 5-point Likert type scale. The independent sample t-test, ANOVA, correlation and SEM were applied for data analysis. It was concluded that there was impact of family-work conflict on work-family conflict. Moreover, there is impact of family-work conflict on students’ learning process of female teachers in Lahore. It was also concluded that female teachers of Lahore are facing different types of conflicts, e.g. work-family conflict, family-work conflict. These conflicts affect female teachers’ performance. Due to the teachers deficient performance, there is a bad impact on students’ learning process. This study recommends that Family friendly policies should be implemented in the schools. School administration should provide psychological counseling services to teachers. The administration should formulate stress and anger management training programs for the teachers to maintain balance work family relationship.Item Teachers’ perceptions about motivation and effective teaching(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Sarah AlexanderThe purpose of this study is to ascertain school teachers’ perceptions about motivation and effective teaching to assess self-efficacy beliefs of teachers to motivate students; whether or not teachers are self motivated towards effective teaching; to which motivational strategies teachers use for effective teaching in their classroom. Finally, to gain an understanding of how self-efficacy beliefs are translated into effective teaching and professional commitment. Further, this study will assess what is the relationship between personal motivation, effective teaching and professional commitment. This study might use to evaluate teachers perceptions about their beliefs to assess their professional commitment with the help of the model presented in the study. The data was collected by 400 participants from different districts of Punjab. The results show a significant relationship among teachers’ perceptions about motivation, effective teaching and professional commitment. Also there is a positive correlation among teachers’ self- efficacy beliefs to apply effective teaching strategies to enhance motivation among students. Keywords: self-efficacy beliefs, motivation, effective teaching, professional commitmentItem Student perceptions of service quality in medical colleges of punjab(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Samina YasminProviding excellent quality service has become a major objective of higher educational institution. Increasing customer satisfaction may provide instant benefit to higher educational institutions seeking to attain competitive benefit in the business. Medical Colleges are part of higher education, so this profession also needs to adapt quality services for better performance and integrating individual and community health requirements. It is no wonder that, due to its supposed relationship with expenses, cost-effectiveness, customer satisfaction, customer preservation and positive communication, service quality is a greatly researched topic. The central premise of this research is to ascertain Students’ Perceptions of Service quality In Medical Colleges. The study attempts to corroborate how students perceive service quality provided in institution. A quantitative survey comprising 49 items was used to know the perceptions of students of Medical Colleges of Punjab Pakistan about the quality of services provided by the Institutions. The data was gathered from eight medical colleges including public and private, 400 students, both male and female students participated in the survey and their responses were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 21. Descriptive and inferential analysis techniques were used to determine which of the service quality most satisfies the students. The findings reveal that students are happy with the leadership and teaching services but do not enjoy campus life at all. Keywords: Service, service quality, medical colleges’ students, students ‘perception, students ‘satisfaction & engagement.Item University leaders as social change agents(UMT.Lahore, 2017) NAUMAN SAEEDUniversities have frequently been regarded as key institutions in process of social change and development (Brennan, 2004). The purpose of the study was to explore whether or not university leaders are the social change agents. The study was quantitative in its nature. Population of the study was all the university leaders both in the public and private sector situated in Lahore city within the jurisdiction of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. A total of one hundred and twenty heads of departments, deans and directors were selected as the sample from 8 universities; four from the public sector and four from the private sector. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher to measure the demographics and social factors regarding the social change. Data were collected by the researcher’s personal visit to the sample universities. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS16.0 for Windows Evaluation Version. Descriptive statistics used in the study were percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Chi-Square test, t-Test and ANOVA were used for the analysis of data. The overall results of the study indicate that university leaders act as the social change agents. In public sector universities the leadership is more concerned about the social change with respect to private sector universities. At the end, researcher recommended that, universities should train their employees regarding social change not only the higher authorities but even their supporting staffs too.Item a study of leaders' perspective on quality improvement for early childhood education in private schools of lahore(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Rabia KhalilThis study observed the perspective of leaders on quality improvement for early childhood education in private schools of Lahore. It is a qualitative survey research, which aimed at assessing the quality improvement of early childhood education in 40 schools. Data were collected using 2 questionnaire 1 for principals, other one for primary’s’ teachers and researchers observational check list. Both questionnaire have open ended questions with 19 or 18 items. Data was analyzed through content analysis and SPSS. Data was presented in pie charts and graphs in which the percentage were shown. The findings of results were shocking to researcher. In mostly schools the concept of quality is somehow wrongly taken. The outcomes showed the contradiction between action and deeds of participants. Schools should have the role of quality school for each child. So that every young students can learn in a quality environment. Key words: Early childhood education, quality, improvement, contradiction, deeds.Item Effectiveness of 5es instructional model for teaching scientific concepts to the students with visual impairment(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Faiza JaleelScience knowledge is important for students with visual impairment in the same manner as for students without visual impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of 5Es instructional model for teaching scientific concepts to the students with visual impairment. It was an experimental study. Quasi pretest-posttest non-equivalent groups design was used for conducting this study. The population of this study comprised of students with visual impairment of class 5th from Lahore. The purposive sampling technique was used to select sample. Sample of 12 students with visual impairment was selected from one institute of Lahore district that is Aziz Jehan Begum Trust Institute for the Blind for experiment. A test was developed which was used as instrument for experimental study. Test was developed from one chapter “changes in matter” of science text book of 5th class. Test was validated by field experts and reliability was checked by pilot testing. Pilot testing was conducted on 31 students with visual impairment. Reliability of developed test on this sample was calculated and coefficient Alpha was found .83. This test was used as pretest and posttest during the experimental study. Control and experimental groups were used in experimental study. Intervention was given to experimental group in the form of 5Es instructional model. A significant difference was found between control group and experimental group on the basis posttest scores. Experimental group showed improved results on posttest as compared to control group. It was concluded that 5Es instructional model is effective for teaching scientific concepts to the students with visual impairment as compared to traditional lecture method of teaching. Key words: Scientific Concepts, 5Es Instructional model and Students with Visual Impairment.Item Level of expertise of paraprofessionals in managing children with autism spectrum disorder(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Momna AmirParaprofessionals have become the backbone of special education classes providing services for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Stratton, 2014). Many students with ASD struggle with challenging behaviors that may not only affect their learning environment but the learning environment for all students in their classroom. Paraprofessionals play an important and dynamic role in supporting behavioral and educational opportunities for students with Autism and in helping to make the implementation of instructional activities more efficient and effective. Unfortunately, paraprofessionals are hired with little or no previous experience in working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The purpose of this study is two-fold, one is to explore the skills a paraprofessional need to have to take care of the children with ASD and secondly to determine the degree of competence they owned in their skills. A total of 82 participants were selected from which 7 were the principals of different special schools and 75 were paraprofessionals. Total 16 schools were selected for collecting data for this study. This was a mixed method research in which quantitative phase was developed on the basis of qualitative phase. Thematic technique was used to analyze qualitative data whereas descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze quantitative data. Overall results of this study shows that paraprofessionals have moderate to high level of expertise in managing children with Autism. Key Words: Autism, paraprofessionals, teaching aids, expertise of paraprofessionals, Para-educators.Item Prevalence of sensory problems among children with autism spectrum disorder(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Tahmina KausarSensory processing is a complex neurobiological process and described by perceive, transfer, interpret the stimuli and react accordingly. Sensory processing disorder is a diverse situation; Individuals with SPD have impaired responses, and significantly affect participation in daily life activities. Unfortunately children with autism also show impaired, repetitive and restricted behaviors. Current study was conducted with the aim to analyze such abnormalities among children with autism. Questionnaire was taken as tool and data was collected from parents and teachers dealing with such kids. A sample of two hundred and fifty parents and teachers was selected from different public and private sector schools of Lahore, for the collection of data. After the data collection it was analyzed through SPSS software, Independent sample t-test and correlation was run to reach the results and mean value was calculated. The results of independent sample t-test, prove that there is no significant difference in the perception of teachers and parents about the sensory problems of their children and students with ASD. Vision is found to be most common sensory issue among all the children. Early interventions, occupational and sensory therapies can be helpful to overcome these sensory issues. Key words: sensory processing disorder, Autism spectrum disorder.Item Analysis of common error in written language of 8th grade student with hearing impairment (h.i).(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Iram Batool AlviHearing Impairment is an inadequate or aggregate failure to listen (encyclopedia Britannica).The typical meaning of a hearing deficiency is any decreasing of an individual’s capacity to hear. Hearing issues influenced the capacity of learners to learn spoken language and in adults it can grounds work related problems. Another feature of hearing is speech perception includes the apparent articulacy of a word as opposed to the adequacy of sound created by the word (Giddens, 2009). Children with hearing loss confront a diversity of developmental challenges in the areas of language and literacy(Kilpatrick, 2015). Literacy is usually comprehended as the talent to write, read and calculating (Merriam-Webster). A person's literacy is subject to his or her advancement of language. Language is the only way by which people store learning, exchange it to the individuals to come and burden all phases of time (Jindal and Syal, 1999). Language is the medium or path by which ideas are generated while reading and writing. Consideration about the internal features of written language and what must be thought about these attributes for the successful and productive utilization of language to occur is frequently neglected (Schmitz & Keenan, 2004). There are extensive variety of factors that influence something as broad as writing and they can't all dependably be contemplated was likewise found that written work of a hearing impaired student's has tendency to consistently reveal a production of thoughts, yet inability to absolutely produce or build up supposed thoughts because of an nonexistence of semantic and syntactic abilities (Dostal & Wolbers, 2014). The most perplexing and troublesome task for all students either hearing or hearing impaired to be master is writing. This study looked at ‘Error Analysis’ in the written Urdu language of students with hearing impairment of 8th grade. A writing test based on common writing errors in main features of linguistic i.e. phonology, semantic, syntax and forms of errors (e.g., omission, insertion, substitution) was developed, validated through expert opinion and pilot tested on small scale after which it was administered on the research sample conveniently selected 100 8th grade students with hearing impairment. The responses were organized, tabulated and entered and descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to answer different research questions. On the basis of analysis, it is found that all types of Phonological errors (Omission, Substitution and Addition) are the most occurring Errors, whereas semantics and syntactical errors were of lesser magnitude. Further analysis revealed that all type of errors was not affected by gender. Semantic errors were highly related to both Phonological and Syntax errors.Item Teachers’ attitudes towards technology integration in special education classrooms(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Tabassum NazTechnology proved to be an effective mean to widening educational opportunities for all learners. Technology is an important component for any country's efforts to improve the quality of education. Due to International movement on quality education of children with disabilities all over the world, Pakistan is also striving to reduce all barriers and to use technology in special education as reflected in Digital Pakistan Policy 2017.This study was conducted to investigate special education teacher’s attitude and their practices of technology integration in teaching students with special needs. Teachers ‘attitudes is the major factor to determine occurrence of technology integration in their classrooms. There is a great value in conducting this study as the way teachers perceive technology ultimately influence the success of their students. This study was conducted by following quantitative research design based on a survey with the use of self-designed questionnaire as research instrument. The reliability of the instrument was 0.92. Target population of this study was the teachers working in the Department of Special education in Punjab. The sample of study was 150 special education teachers conveniently selected from four districts (i.e.Lahore, Sheihkupura, Nanakana, Kasur) of Lahore division. Data were analyzed by using both descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the teachers have positive attitudes towards technology integration in their special education classrooms on the basis of their knowledge, experience and access. The major barriers reported by teachers were lack of administrative and financial support in using technology during classroom teaching. A strong positive correlation was found statistically significant (r =0.75, sig=.000) between enabling factors and motivation to integrate technology by teachers in special education classrooms.Item Hopes of students with physical impairments studying at secondary level in punjab(UMT.Lahore, 2017) HUMAYOUN SHAH NAWAZHope is not a brand-new concept. The person who has hope has the will and determination that goals will be achieved, and set a different strategy at their disposal to reach their goals. Goals are the cornerstone of hope theory. They can be short or long term and range in their importance, but all goals must have enough value to occupy an individual’s conscious thought. Goals must be attainable yet still contain some level of uncertainty (Snyder, 2000). Hope enables the students to approach problems with a focus on success, thereby increasing the probability that they will attain their goals (Conti, 2000). This study investigated the most important hopes among students with and without physical impairments studying at secondary level schools in Punjab with different demographic characteristics. Three research questions tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The research method was descriptive because the type of the research was quantitative in nature. A sample of 320 students was purposively selected from 41 public and private secondary schools. Instrument for the study was a self-report questionnaire which was face validated as well as trial tested to determine its reliability. Data generated from the respondents were analyzed using Mean, Standard deviation and independent t-test, ANOVA and Coefficient correlation statistics. Results of data shows that the hopes of students with and without physical impairments do not differ by their age, gender as-well-as socio-economic status. Results of current study shows that, cultivation of hopes do not differently perceived on the basis of residential locality (Area) of these students. Conversely, the educational, social, emotional and cultivating hopes among these students are highly correlated with physical health. Keywords: Hope, Student, Physical Impairment, Secondary LevelItem Developing reading skills of students with hearing impairment by using sign language stories(UMT.Lahore, 2017) HAFIZ MUHAMMAD AFZAALReading development is the basic component of getting education. Where students with hearing impairment are troubled about their education, there they have a great problem about their reading. Reading development is the basic need for the all students especially students with hearing impairment who lack in reading development. Researcher used true experimental research design to conduct study. The population of the study were students with hearing impairment. The sample was selected randomly for this research and district Lahore was selected for this purpose. A sample of the study was consist of 20 students with hearing impairment of class 7th having sever to profound degree of hearing loss who were selected randomly. Ten students were selected for the control group and ten students were selected for the experimental group. These two groups were homogeneous in nature so, the results of both groups can be easily compared. Experimental group was taught by the strategy of sign language stories as well as control group was taught by traditional method. Two instruments were used to see the reading development of the students with hearing impairment before and after the treatment. Data was analyzed and independent sample t-test & paired sample t-test were used to compare the results of both groups. There was a statistical significant difference in the pre-test and post-test of experimental group whereas there was no statistical significant difference in the results of control group. Researcher founded that teaching through sign language stories has a great effect on the reading development of the students with hearing impairment. Researcher recommended that the reading skills of the students with hearing impairment can be increased through the use of sign language stories.Item A study of factors affecting quality of special education for the students with hearing impairment at primary level(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Saira ZafarPrimary education is the backbone of whole education system. Quality education is necessary especially at primary level. Quality is a major issue in special education especially for the students with hearing impairment. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting quality of special education for the students with hearing impairment at primary level and identify difference in the responses of the teachers of four zones of Punjab province. The responses of the teachers were collected against the five dimensions of quality education. Those dimensions are quality learners, quality learning environment, quality content, quality process and quality outcomes. Pilot testing was conducted to check the reliability of an instrument consist of 60 items, administered to 20 teachers working in special school. Value of Cronbach's Alpha was α=.882. Multi stage sampling procedure was used to collect the data from four zones of the Punjab province. 18 districts were selected from these four zones of Punjab province. Schools as well gather the information in which 50 teachers were male and 169 teachers were female. 145 teachers were from schools and 74 teachers were from centres of these four zones of Punjab province. Parametric statistics were used to analyse the data. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were run to compare the factors affecting quality of education in special education. Results of study indicates that auditory training services, library resources, physical facilities, teacher student ratio are not satisfactory in schools and centres. So the researcher recommended that student teacher ratio should be appropriate according to the age and level of the students. Auditory training, library resources and physical facilities must be provided for the students with hearing impairment at primary level.Item Predicting entrepreneurial motivation among university students(UMT.Lahore, 2017) Gulrukh AsgharThe main purpose of this research was to predict the entrepreneurial motivation of university students and the role of entrepreneurship education. Quantitative survey had conducted to get results of students who were categorized as Master of Business and Administration (MBA) and non-Master of Business and Administration (MBA) programs. The research showed that intrinsic and extrinsic factors were acting upon the students’ motivation to be an entrepreneur. The role of entrepreneurship education is very important for future entrepreneur to polish themselves in their field. The objectives are following: To assess students’ attitude towards jobs as a career selection; To assess the psychological factors those motivate students to start their own business; To find out the effect of demographics on student’s for selecting their career (field of study, working experience, social background); To find out the role of Entrepreneurial education on career selection of the students. Researcher used survey method for data collection. Questionnaire was consisted of 41 items with five pointsLikert type scale. Two government and three private university students participated in this study. Results were analyzed through SPSS. Independent t-test was used to check the difference between M.B.A program students’ motivation and non M.B.A program students’ motivation towards entrepreneurship. ANOVA was used to calculate the significance difference between students’ motivation and their different job description. Regression was used to find the relationship between Motivation of students and factors acting upon their motivation like entrepreneurship education role, social factors, risk tolerance, locus of control, and self-efficacy and opportunity cost, independence, need of achievement. Findings of this research show that there is no significant difference between M.B.A’s students and non M.B.A’s student’s motivation towards entrepreneurship. There is no significant difference between motivation of private institute’s students and motivation of government institute’s students towards entrepreneurship. There is no significant difference between student’s motivations who are full time employed and who are part time job holders, unemployed and self-employed students. There is significant relationship among factors influencing motivation of students towards entrepreneurship.Universities should introduce entrepreneurship education in all fields of studies. Higher education should focus on the students training during their studies. Student should get opportunities for practice as a live working experience. Further, researcher should focus on the social factors that motivate a student to be an entrepreneur and illustrate their outcomes. Key words: Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education role, motivation, psychological factors (risk tolerance, locus of control, and self-efficacy and opportunity cost, independence, need of achievement), social factor (job background, field of study, family background).Item EFfectiveness of the curriculum taught in government institutions for mentally challenged children in lahore(UMT.Lahore, 2017) SAIMA SHIRAZIThe goal of special education in the current era is more towards effectiveness rather than access. The analysis of the effectiveness of curriculum and other procedures employed for teaching is of paramount importance. The research conducted currently was aimed to find the effectiveness of curriculum for mentally challenged children in government schools. The objectives of the study included the intended to investigate the effectiveness of mentally challenged children in government schools of Lahore. The study will also explore and compare the perception of parents and teachers about the effectiveness of curriculum. Furthermore, the study will highlight the gaps in implementation of curriculum and lastly, the differences in curriculum effectiveness on the basis of school years, the children have attended, will also be underlined. Case study design was triangulation method research. Fifteen cases were selected, and data was collected by using a checklist filled by their teachers, parents and after that the observations of MCC were recorded to compare the responses of parents and teachers and to pinpoint the gaps in implementation of curriculum effectively. The data was analyzed qualitatively by using thematic analysis. The frequencies were also calculated to report the results of checklist. The data analysis is comprised in two sections. First section is explaining the descriptive information about the sample of the study. The second section will answer the research questions one by one. According to the checklist’s results there was no significance difference between the opinions of parents and teachers. According to qualitative results, teaching method, teacher’s behaviour, & poor interaction with their students are the main gaps in implementation of curriculum goals. The researcher suggested the use of technology, alternate teaching strategies, increased maturity level of teachers, interaction with students needs further improvement, and a solid monitoring techniques for this system.Item Strategic management and its impact on service quality: The role of organizational commitment(UMT.Lahore, 2017) UZMAWith the changing world, our higher education system is facing various issues regarding the provision of quality services, long term planning’s, financial aids, and technology. Our educational system needs quality to bring improvement in their system. So main purpose of this research was to discuss strategic management, and its impact on service quality: The role of organizational commitment. In order to successfully complete this study some objectives were determined that help all through the research to link with research questions. 1st objective were to find the significance difference of strategic management components towards the service quality. 2nd objective were to find the relationship between components of strategic management, organizational commitment, and service quality 3rd objective were to identify the relationship between components of strategic management, organizational commitment, and service quality. Researcher used survey method for data collection. Questionnaire was consisted of 35 items with five points Likert scale. 170 government, and private university professors participated in this study. Results were analyzed through SPSS. ANOVA was used to calculate the significance between the perceptions of the performance of service quality on components of strategic planning, and organizational commitment. The correlation was used to find perceptions of the performance of service quality, components of strategic planning, and organizational commitment. Structural Equation Model was used to find the relationship between perceptions of the performance of service quality, components of strategic planning, evaluation of the university strategic plan, strategic formalization. According to the findings, there was a positive correlation between the perceptions of the performance of service quality, components of strategic planning, evaluation of strategic plan. No significant difference among mean scores of the performance of service quality on environmental scanning, strategic formalization. At the end the researcher recommended there is need to improve the quality services in universities to satisfy students, employers, and customers. Vision mission objectives should be clear to every member of the organization. University should perform the services right from the first time, and must provide written guidelines or instructions to regulate the strategic plan.
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