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Item Education System in Pakistan: A case study of Punjab(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Neelam BibiThis paper explores the education system and its problem in Punjab in particular and Pakistan as a whole. The paper starts with the background of Pakistani culture to familiarize the reader with the working and socio- economic norms of the country. In Pakistan, the education services and their distribution is obstructed by financial, political, and security issues that the nation has been confronting for years. The Constitution of Pakistan introduced the 18th Amendment in 2010, to devolve the federal function for education to the provinces. The federal ministry retains certain partial authorities, mostly in syllabus development, authorization and the funding of research and development. The main challenges faced are increasing the ability of administrators of education and specialists including teachers, examiners, and syllabus and textbooks originators, evolving the standards of education and benchmarking, developing the quality and capacity of assessment of students and educators and formulating an innovative school instruction strategy favorable to learning. The difficulties and hurdles in the way of refining the admission and equal access for all the genders to school include, constructing and advancing schools in areas where there are fewer no schools, changing the rate of transition between levels of education for example early childhood education to primary, primary to middle, middle to high. To improve learning results and reduce the rate of dropouts while increasing substitute methods of provision of education, comprising private sector schools, public schools expansion, and various other things.Item PRESERVING AND PROMOTING PUBLIC ORDER AND PEACE- A CASE STUDY OF BALOCHISTAN LEVIES(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Syed Mansoor AhmedBalochistan Levies Force has the mandate for policing over 90% of the rural area of Balochistan. Levies follow the concept of community policing, having established deep social bonds within the tribal society. The British had raised the force in the late 19th century in Balochistan where the tribal elders used to hold the responsibility for maintaining law and order within their areas of jurisdiction. With the changing nature of violence and crime, Levies have had to face many professional challenges. With insufficient resources, lack of training, absence of political patronage, and a deteriorating law and order situation, they find it hard to perform their given functions over the vast geographical territory under their charge. In the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States, Balochistan in the last two decades has experienced an escalation in terrorist activities, insurgencies, and sectarian violence, besides conventional crime. This has given rise to a perceived need for reforming or upgrading the Levies. There is, however, no evidence-based and empirical harmonization approach between the police, the Levies, and other law enforcement agencies in Balochistan. Such long-running perceptions for reform resulted in the unveiling of a policy for merging Levies into the police with no rigorous determination of the demand or systematic analysis of data. The merger ended up as a blindfolded experiment that brought the law and order situation in the province to its lowest status. This study claims that the merger was not the solution to such a crisis. Instead of the merger, the authorities should have strengthened the current departmental structure, arranged for fulfilling the need for professionalism, refined and/or developed supplemental procedures, improved implementation, provided for monitoring and organisational coordination among all law enforcement agencies for preserving and promoting public order and peaceItem Patient Satisfaction and Perceived Healthcare Services: An Implementation Perspective of National Health Vision 2016-2025(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Madiha AsgharPatient satisfaction is an essential part of healthcare. Patient satisfaction is a crucial means of measuring the effectiveness of healthcare delivery and the quality of medical aid. It denotes the extent to which the general health care needs of the patient are met to their requirements. This thesis is concerned with public health care services and the influence of perceived healthcare services of hospitals. The main target of the study is to examine the level of patient satisfaction with perceived health care services in public and private hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan. The study uses a quantitative research approach that includes closed-ended structure questionnaire to collect primary data from patients of public and private hospitals. For data analysis and management of data, SPSS software (statistical package for the social sciences) is used. The data were collected in 2 months. Cross-sectional analysis was used as a study method to collect data at once. The target research population was patients of public and private hospitals from all units. The sample size was 343 respondents from which primary data was collected. Limitations of the research includes confined time, city limitation, and specific unit of patient furthermore small and restricted sample size of respondent. The findings indicate that patient satisfaction has a positive influence on perceived healthcare services included doctor-patient interaction, staff behavior and infrastructure on the other hand patient preference of public or private hospital has a slightly positive influence on patient satisfaction. This study results would be helpful for Health researchers, administrators, policy-makers, MS-medical superintendents of hospitals, services planner, and also helps to identify the current situation of healthcare. To sum this up all, implication and future directions of this study are discussed.Item Role of Local Government in Ensuring Safe Drinking Water(UMT, Lahore, 2020) BUSHRA AFTABThe present study is contributed to analyze the current drinking water situation in the Tehsil Municipal Administration of Sahiwal, Punjab. The primary objectives of the study are to investigate the performance of local government in order to ensure and monitor the supply of safe drinking water on daily bases as it is considered to be the responsibility of local government to address the management of water and related issues. The second objective is to see the relation between local government and general public in terms of trust, reputation and satisfaction. For this purpose, mixed method research technique is used and data was collected through interviews of local government (Tehsil Municipal Administration) officials and survey of general public of the study area. Sahiwal city located in Punjab was selected purposely as the city is capital of both districts (Okara and Pakpattan) and whole division. The significance of considering both supply and demand side of the situation helped to provide more critical, in-depth and authentic information regarding the current drinking water situation at both ends. The results showed that the status of water is unobjectionable of both the sources i.e. filtration plants and tube wells, although (72.6%) people of the study area preferred filtered water for drinking purposes as they perceive it more safe and acceptable. Although, general public divided on water quality but TMA built reputation among people over the years as considerable amount of people are satisfied with current water supply service and water quality and they trusted them with water services. Collectively the study shows that local govt. (TMA) is working quite well in the city but there are many loopholes which need to be focused regarding the performance of TMA (i.e. lack of funds, administrative and technical staff, lack of people with engineering background, poor infrastructure, weak rules and regulation) to satisfy the population who do not trust TMA.Item The role of Microfinance NGOs in ensuring the sustainable solutions to reduce poverty in Pakistan; the cases of Akhuwat, Al-Khidmat foundation, Kashf foundation and BRSP(UMT, Lahore, 2020) YUSRA ROUFThis thesis is concerned with the role of NGOs in reducing the poverty through microfinance, by applying the sustainable solutions to poverty reduction. The dimensions of sustain opreneurship had been studied in the context of microfinance. Also, the descriptive and exploratory research in which the experts from various research scholars are analyzed to show the role of microfinance NGOs in reducing the poverty in sustainable ways. This study uses the qualitative approach that includes the open-ended questionnaire to collect the primary data from the employees of NGOs who are dealing with the interest free microfinance projects and from their respective beneficiaries. The data was then collected through interviews. The studied NGOs are Al-Khidmat foundation, Kashf foundation, Akhuwat and BRSP (Baluchistan Rural Support Program). The collected data is analyzed through thematic analysis by generating the themes from the responses of the interviewees and then further making the codes from the themes.Item FAILURE OF GOVERNANCE IN PAKISTAN A CASE OF SPORTS SECTOR(UMT, Lahore, 2020) MUFEEZ ALAMThis research study was aimed to investigate the failure of governance in sports sector of Pakistan. For the said purpose, first the level of governance was measured through the self-assessment questionnaire of Basic Indicators for Better Governance in Sports (BIBGIS), which was developed by Swiss Institute of Public Administration. The quantitative research approach was used, and data was collected through adopted questionnaire of sports governance developed by J-L Chappelet and Mrkonjic (2013). Seven dimensions of sports governance which were described by Swiss Institute of Public Administration are measured by applying the descriptive statistical tests of Mean and Standard Deviation. These dimensions are Organizational Transparency, Reporting Transparency, Stakeholders’ Representation, Democratic Process, Control Mechanism, Sports Integrity, and Solidarity. Through the analysis of the seven dimensions of governance of Pakistan Sports Sector, it was found that all sports federations of Pakistan could not achieve the benchmark scores of good governance practices. Moreover, the data also shows the heterogeneous nature of seven dimensions of Pakistan sports federations. This research finds that the Reporting Transparency is least scored dimension among the all seven dimensions of sports governance. While on other hand the highest scored dimensions are Democratic Process and Stakeholders’ Representation. Although all dimensions of sports governance in sports sector of Pakistan need to be improved, but Reporting Transparency is more vulnerable. This research concludes that the root cause of failure of governance in sports sector of Pakistan is nontransparent reporting and vague system of feedback. This research suggested to utilize the tools of information technology for quick and transparent reporting and strong feedback system.Item Policy Response to Child Abuse Cases-Its Reasons and Impact(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Momina MoinChildren shape the future of any state, depending upon the environment they are provided with. Unfortunately in many countries of the world, and specifically talking about our own, children face a number of security issues. Children in Pakistan confront problems like physical violence, detrimental traditional practices, child labor which in turn leads to economic exploitation and sexual abuse and so on and so forth. The paper specifically highlights the issues and impact of sexual abuse on the children of the country as well as on the society as a whole, along with what steps are taken or have been taken by the government of Pakistan to deal with this social evil, and how effective they have been. The paper reflects the legislative measures taken by the government on the issue and that how effective they have been in this respect. The fact that Pakistan have been signatory to various international covenants and agreements which deal with the protection of children, along with multiple provisions present in the national legislation, makes us curious to seethe results as to what extent they have improved the situation, and if not then why.Item Primary education system in Pakistan(UMT, Lahore, 2020) NAJAF HUSSAIN BHUTTAThe purpose of this research work was to find out problems in primary education system and why we have not achieve the goal of education for all, moreover, to find out hurdles which are faced by students, teachers, and parents. To check the status of dropout from primary school and its causes. First of all, comprehensive study of the previous literature was conducted. In the light of past studies, these four instrument were developed to survey causes of dropout from primary school, dropout children, parents, teachers and school administration. By this study we find these leading causes which force children to leave the school, poor parental economic condition, parental carelessness, student’s companion ship out of school, grade retention, preference for child labor over study, difficulty in learning process, psychological problem, inability to continue learning, uneducated parents and student’s poor health. Past work of the researchers also included in this research by giving their references accordingly. Which shows that we are not reinventing the wheel. Previous work also help the researcher to find out gap between students, teachers and parents. For this research works data was collected through qualitative technique after collecting and analyzing the data we find out the result of our research works. Analysis and interpretation of the data are consider more important steps in the research work. At the end the findings of data are given which show the problems of primary education and why we fail to achieve the goal of education for all.Item Impact of Politicized Policing on Police Reforms A case study on Punjab Police(UMT, Lahore, 2020) MUHAMMAD ZEESHAN ASLAMUnable to expel its dark side which is deeply rooted among public, police in Punjab seems as a threat instead of public-friendly organization, which shows an unbroken negative relationship of public and police rather than promoting the feel of security and well being of society. Some attempts were made to cop up with the problems of a negative image of police in the name of reforms in past were either not implemented fully or failed to achieve its desired results. This study highlight the experiences of different stake holders in society and various features of the weak implementation process of reforms and the political and civil bureaucracy interest to not to stand fully in a favor of an independent police department working without any political or any other pressure. It also highlights the public image in society and various problems faced by a police officer and the root causes of these problems. To find out the main obstacles to reforms and weaknesses of previous reforms which are not fully implemented qualitative research is opted. Interviews were conducted from various police officers, Legal advisor and media personnel and supported through content analysis of newspaper. The findings indicate that the department of Punjab police is highly constrained by the political power and decentralized decision-making. Furthermore the causes described in shape of themes i-e Economy explains the low and improper budgetary allocations and lack of resources, Weak governance structure highlighted by slow implementation of policies and unfair accountability system, Politicized policing explains the level of deep rooted involvement of politicians in administrative affairs of Punjab police which disturbs the overall performance of department.Item Domestic Violence in Rural Punjab A Case Study of Bhera(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Hafiza Asifa IftikharWomen living in rural areas of Pakistan face more violence and abuse because they are weaker in their social position. They have lack of awareness about their legal, and social rights and their worth. The position of women is miserable. They are abducted, raped, killed, murdered, physically, and domestically abused. About 90% of women experience domestic abuse in their lifetime. In rural areas of Pakistan, sexual and physical violence exists around 56%. In urban areas, the estimation is around 54.5% to 57%, in which around 3% of women do not go for the complaint. The questionnaire was circulated about domestic violence. Results show that there is strong relationship between husband behavior and domestic violence. Husband’s education and his brought-up matters a lot. Husband’s family contributes in creating conflicts between husband and wife. Domestic violence was significantly associated with culture, belief and patriarchal norms of the household. Society accepts domestic violence as a norm and has nothing to say, to eliminate it. After passing through such incidents, woman cannot play an essential role in the development of children, and the cycle goes on.Item THE ROLE OF HEALTH AND FAMILY ISSUES AND FLEXIBILITY ON DOMESTIC WORKER’S FORMALIZATION TENDENCY(UMT, Lahore, 2020) ASMA YOUNAS CHUndoubtedly the informal sector plays a significant role in economy. In Pakistan, informal sector workers are not only being underpaid, but they also work without workplace safety standards, health insurance, and access to social security benefits. Domestic workers, whether inside or outside Pakistan, due to poor bargaining power as compared to an employer, do not have the negotiating ability for determining terms and conditions of employment. Formalization of this large economy would also require the government to address the serious difficulties of domestic work. This paper reflects idea of formalizing existing informal sector of domestic work so that there can be a positive change in the domestic workers’ income and lifestyle. For this, this paper is concerned with their health and family issues and flexibility of the employer towards employee and how it affects the formalization tendency. Using conflict theory as the interpretive tool, the concept of inequality, division of resources, unequal power relations, and the existing conflicts among different social and economic classes are analyzedItem An Exploration of the Social Identity of Transgender People in Pakistan(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Sadia HussainThis research study examines a social issue within the field of governance, the intersection of public policy within khawaja sira identity. This research thesis addresses transgender social identity’s intersection with social acceptance, institutional normative, economic livelihood opportunities and unacceptability in religion and the current social and legal framework in the Pakistan. This research also explores how these socially marginalized individuals’ faces biases and received unequal and not equitable policy treatment. This research focuses on a marginalized heterogeneous social group khawaja sira who culturally defined neither women nor men. This research frames transgender experience from a social context, rather than the medical or clinical lens in which it is often considered regarding research on third gender or non conforming gender. This thesis explores research questions related to social identity issues and self identity of khawaja sira. Exploratory research design has been used to explore different experience of social exclusion and discrimination due to stigmatization faced by khawaja sira community for this research study. The research participants spoke about some of the major forms of exclusion which are stigmatization, discrimination, harassment, physical & verbal abuse and familial ostracisation. The social constructionism perspective and labeling theory are used as theoretical framework. This research qualitative in nature and the method of thematic analysis was used to understand the subjective experiences of this stigmatized group.Item National Climate Change Policy of Pakistan 2012: A Critical Analysis(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Abdul BasitNearly all public policies fail in Pakistan to achieve their stated objectives. Some fail partially while others fail in toto. We experiment with what can be called “biblio-policies,” that are purely theoretical, well-drafted and often, grandiose documents but which crash most of the time at the implementation stage. Prospective analysis to make the policies implementable is rare. Bureaucrats receive small doses, more like appetizers, of public policy, in short training courses at the national and provincial training institutions. When tasked with real-life issues like climate change, they either succeed in producing a well-drafted, grandiose document or turn to “outsourcing” for policy formulation. NCCP – 2012 is a document demonstrating superb drafting skills and addressing all the relevant technical issues related to climate change. It even contains an implementation framework. Representatives of the Government renew commitments at the annual UNFCCC’s Conference of Parties and on their return, things remain where they were. Despite climate change driven natural disasters such as the flood of 2010, climate change was not made into a priority. That flood affected 20 million people, killed close to 2000, and damaged property worth $43 billion. But Climate change is not a political priority because the issue has little appeal for the electorate. This study analyses the causes of the Government’s failure in implementing Pakistan NCCP–2012 despite passage of eight years. It then offers a few recommendations that require focused and immediate attention of the policy communities in Pakistan.