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Item Sense of coherence and wellbeing among university students(UMT Lahore, 2016) Fareeha YousafThe present study investigated the relationship between sense of coherence and wellbeing among university students. It was hypothesized that there is relationship between sense of coherence and wellbeing among university students and sense of coherence has positive relationshipwith wellbeing. Non-probability convenient sample of 200 students (men= 100 and women=100) with age range of 18 to 25 years (M=21.16 SD=2.06) were selected from University Management and Technology and from Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan.The two instruments Sense of Coherence Short Form (SOC-SF), (Antonovsky, 1987) and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Keyes et al., 2008) into Urdu version were used. The results of Pearson product moment correlation revealed significantly positive association between coherence, emotional wellbeing and psychological wellbeing whereas there were positive association between meaningfulness, emotional wellbeing and psychological wellbeing. Furthermore results also revealed that there was significant positive relationship between manageability emotional, social and psychological wellbeing whereas comprehensibility has significant positive relationship with emotional wellbeing. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that manageability and comprehensibility were found significantly positive predictor of emotional and social wellbeing whereas manageability was positive predictor psychological wellbeing. The gender difference was also found that men were higher in coherence and comprehensibility than women. It is concluded that there was a significant and positive relationship between sense of coherence and wellbeing.Item Association of emotion regulation with peer attachment, self-compassion and achievement motivation in adolescence(UMT Lahore, 2016) Gull ZareenAdolescence, as contended by theory and demonstrated by research, is a critical developmental point and deficits in attachment and emotion regulation can put adolescents at risk of mental illness (Kim & Cicchetti, 2010; McLaughlin, Hatzenbuehler, Mennin, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011). Thus, adolescents striving for autonomy must learn emotion regulation strategies to ensure the adaptive social functioning. The aim of the present study is to explore the association between cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, peer attachment and self-compassion and their influence on achievement motivation. Furthermore it was hypothesized that gender is likely to moderate the relationship between peer attachment and self-compassion. In this correlational study 300 adolescents were conveniently sampled from different schools, colleges and universities of Punjab. Participants age ranged from 15 to 22 years (M= 19.26, SD= 1.92). Self-report questionnaires Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht, 2011), Inventory of Peer Attachment (Armsden& Greenberg, 1987) and Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (Ray, 1975) were administered. As hypothesized, self-compassion significantly predicted cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, achievement motivation, and peer attachment significantly predicted self-compassion and achievement motivation. Emotion regulation was significantly associated with achievement motivation. However, no relationship was found between the facets of emotion regulation and peer attachment. Also, gender did not moderate the relationship between self-compassion and peer attachment. The current study implies that emotion regulation skills can be influenced and enhanced by the self-compassion, which is associated with peer and can further lead to enhanced achievement motivation.Item Development of indigenous scale for measuring relational aggression among university students(UMT Lahore, 2016) Iqra Shabir BhattiThe current study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable indigenous scale to measure relational aggression among university students. Keeping the cultural specificity of relational aggression in view, focus groups were conducted with students. Firstly, phenomenology of relational aggression was explored from 30 students. Behaviors were generated through two focus groups conducted with university student’s i.e, (boys and girls) separately. The verbatim obtained from each focus group was transcribed and after eliminating repeated, culturally irrelevant, and age-wise inappropriate behaviors. Then, verbatim transformed into statements and drafted using response format Never (1), Sometime (2), Often (3) and Always (4). Psychometric properties were determined by administering finalized items pool of 41 items on conveniently drawn sample (N = 206) i.e., (boys=103, girls=103) from four universities of Punjab with the age range of 19 to 25 years (M = 20.47, SD = 1.75). Principle component factor analysis with varimax rotation provided two exclusive factors i.e. relational bullying and impulsive aggression. The final scale contained 22 items with statistically derived two exclusive factors with recommended alpha coefficient ranges (.63-.82). The clinical, academic and practical use of this scale is also explained and evaluate in terms of cultural manifestation of relational aggression in boys and girls. Moreover, the results were discussed for future counseling services to the educational intuitions.Item Use of social networking sites, social comparison and well-being among university students(UMT Lahore, 2016) Sobia BootaThe study explored the use of social networking sites (SNS) that the students visit and the social comparisons they indulge there in that effects well-being of the students. To examine the effect of use of networking sites on the well being of the university students as they engage in networking and make social comparisons with their peers and friends, a survey were conducted on 200 university students. To assess the way students use networking sites, a self constructed questionnaire were used measuring frequency of use of (SNS).To measure the SNS motive questionnaire ‘I use social networking sites too’ were used (Kim, &Yun 2007). Iowa Netherland Comparison Orientation Scale (INCOM) was used to measure the comparison orientations (Gibbson & Buunk 1999). Mental Health Short Continuum Forum was used to assess the well-being of students (Keyee, 2008). Descriptive statistics indicated that Facebook and WhatsApp were most popular and frequently visited SNSs and the participants were mostly engaged in texting messages, forwarding comments and uploading their profiles and updating status. In multiple hierarchical regression analysis demographic variables such as age, gender and years of education explained 7% of the variance in students’ well being, whereas SNS motives (seeking friends, convenience, social support, information and entertainment) and comparison orientation (abilities and opinions subscales) explained another 4% variance in well-being and interaction terms explained 8% of the variance for well-being. Overall model explained the 20% variance. The interaction of social comparison and SNS motives were significant predicators of emotional and psychological well-being. The study upholds the assumption that SNS activities relate to the emotional and psychological well being of the students who use social networking websites.Item Posttruamtic stress disorder posttruamtic growth And resilience in cancer survivors(2016) Nida SohailCancer survivors face transient and long haul difficulties to physical and psychological wellness, family working, and support of a solid way of life throughout and subsequent to treatment. The current study is carried out to explore the relationship between the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and resilience in cancer survivors. There is evidence about influence of PTSD, PTG and resilience in cancer survivors in past studies. So, it is hypothesized that PTSD is negatively correlated with PTG and resilience. In addition, PTG is also hypothesized to positively correlate with resilience. In this correlational study, a sample of 108 cancer survivors distributed across both genders taken from cancer departments in govt. and private hospitals. These participants were recruited through purposive sampling technique and assessed on the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL; Parloff, Kelman, & Frank, 1970), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS; Smith & Bernard, 2008). For present study translated version of HSCL (Helepota & Wasif, 2001), PGI (Kausar, 2010) BRS (Ashraf & Sohail, 2016) are used to assess study measures. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis reveals significant negative correlation of PTSD with PTG and resilience and positive correlation of PTG with resilience. Results also described the relationship between demographic characteristics with PTSD symptoms, PTG and resilience. Variations across gender also exist in PTSD symptoms, PTG and resilience in cancer survivors. Research not only focused on recognition of distress but its major emphasis on the positive changesItem Impact of integrative model of expressive art therapies on mental health of children with cancer(UMT Lahore, 2016) Bushra AwanInterminable sicknesses are conditions which require utilizing psychological instruments for curing. A standout amongst the most undermined and deadly ailment is Cancer. For children this journey is even more difficult as they find it hard to verbalize their emotions. Art is of imperative significance to children as it is one route in which a little child can associate with, and comprehend her/his environment. Through arts, children get a medium to express their inner pent up feelings and emotions and therefore it helps to restore their mental health which gets deteriorated as a result of cancer treatment. The present study aims to explore the impact of expressive art therapies on the mental health problems of children with cancer and to examine the impact of expressive art therapies on the positive and negative self image of children diagnosed with cancer. It was hypothesized that: 1) Integrative model of expressive art therapies is likely to have a significant impact on mental health problems of children with cancer; 2) Integrative model of expressive art therapies is likely to significantly improve positive self image of children diagnosed with cancer and 3)Integrative model of expressive art therapies is likely to significantly reduce negative self image of children diagnosed with children. It was an intervention based within subjects’ experimental research design with a series of pretest and post test measures. A sample of N=14(46.6%) participants completed all the three phases of the study. All participants were taken from an Inpatient oncology setup of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore. Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale was used for the measurement of mental health problems. This scale was already translated in an Urdu language and was freely available on web for use with the proper acknowledgement of its source, which was done in the present study. Along with it to assess the self image, person part of House Tree Person was used and was interpreted in terms of positive and negative symptoms using HTP booklet.Both the assessments were administered before and after each session. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Repeated measure ANNOVA was applied and it was found that the two months intervention program of integrative model of expressive art therapy had statistically significant effect on mental health problems of children with cancer. It was also found that integrative model of expressive art therapy had statistically significant impact on positive self image and negative self image of children with cancer. Positive self image increased and negative self image decreased at the end of the intervention. Results indicate that integrative model of expressive art therapies is an effective mode of unconventional form of treatment to restore mental health problems and self image deteriorated as a result of cancer treatmentItem Exploration of life transitions and its positive impacts in internally displaced tribal people(UMT Lahore, 2016) Jabeen MukhtarThe present qualitative research was aimed to explore the life transitions and its positive impacts in internally displaced tribal people. The sample of eight tribal men and women was recruited who were living in Bannu since after displacement. Snowball sampling was used to locate the participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data. The data was analyzed by using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Ten major themes emerged that reflect the life transitions on the basis of experience, exposure and thinking of IDPs during different phases of internal displacement. These themes are: Difference in socio-economic conditions, Enduring difference in status and living styles , Self- judgment about gender roles, Glimpses of traumatic memories, Sources to be resilient in distress, Self-motivation for future modification, Self- realization for educational significance, Self- perception in current social context, Self- evaluation after being labeled as „IDP‟ and Expression of conflicting state of mind. The results assisted in understanding that though displacement brings numerous sufferings for internally displaced people, it may bring positive life transitions within men and women IDPs. The findings further highlighted the need to develop a multi-professional team to assist IDPs in embracing psycho-emotional and socio-economic challenges.Item Emotion regulation, post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) symptoms and abuse among adolescents(UMT Lahore, 2016) Faiza NiaziAbuse among children and adolescents is an adverse issue that may consequence into serious issues for the society and the individual. The main aim of this study was to find out that weather child abuse do cause the dysfunction in emotion regulation and PTSD symptoms among adolescents. Through simple random sampling the 478 adolescents (male=247, Female=231) ages between 13 to 18 years (M=15.18, SD=1.45) from government schools were selected. The Child Abuse Scale: Adolescent Version (Ghaffar & Malik, 2015), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Kausar, 2014) and to measure the PTSD symptoms in adolescents, the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist(Translated version): Halepota and Wasif (2002)were selected to administer upon the adolescents. The findings shows that in male adolescent prevalence of paternal and maternal abuse and there types i.e. physical and emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect exist more as compared to female adolescents but the difference were found in the third type of abuse i.e., sexual abuse. It was also revealed that adolescents with high score on abuse show more PTSD symptoms and difficulty in emotion regulation. Those adolescents with high parental abuse show more PTSD symptoms. The findings report that child abuse is a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms and emotion regulation. The results manifest that there is a significant gender difference among paternal and maternal physical and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect but there was no significant gender difference exist in paternal and maternal sexual abuse.Item Perceptions of girls regarding their spouse selection(UMT Lahore, 2016) Amber ZahraThis study investigates the desired traits perceived by the girls for selecting their spouses and explains the factors affecting their spouse selection criteria. In addition to this, it also compares the perceptions of the girls and their parents about the spouse selection criteria (as told by the girls). The research is based upon 6 in-depth qualitative interviews using purposive sampling technique. According to the nature of the research design, a semi structured questionnaire constructed from previous literature was used. The interviews are analyzed by using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The themes and sub themes extracted during the analysis are discussed further in the light of literature review. The results highlight the importance of mate selection in Pakistan. It also brings out the difference between the perceptions and choices of young girls and their parents for their future spouses. The girls view physical appearance, nature or personality, education and family background to be the preferable criteria for selecting a spouse, while the parents consider religiosity, socioeconomic status and family background to be more important in spouse selection criteria. In Pakistani culture, most of the girls do not tell their parents about what kind of life partner they want to be married. But, they are willing to agree to what their parents will select for them because of their parents’ experience and trust.Item Perceived parenting styles, emotion regulation and goal orientation in adolescents(UMT Lahore, 2016) Asma KhalidParenting style is considered as the most important variable for proper functioning of individuals in all areas of life. However, how one regulate emotions can also impact on his life. The current research was conducted to explore (a) the relationship among perceive parenting style, emotion regulation and goal orientation (b) assess the mediating role of emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) between perceived parenting style (mother and father) and goal orientation (mastery goal and performance goal) (c) explore the role of gender and birth order as distal variables. For that purpose correlational research design was used. Sample was consisted of 200 high school students with mean age of 16.34 (SD = 1.05) with equal gender representation. Convenient sampling technique was used to select schools while participants were selected using purposive sampling strategy. Pearson Product Moment correlation, Independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA were performed on SPSS, while for the exploration of mediation AMOS was used. Analysis revealed that authoritarian parenting style of father and permissive parenting style of both parents correlate with reappraisal. Authoritative parenting style of mother correlate with both dimensions of goal orientation. While authoritarian style of mother correlate with performance goal orientation. Mediation analysis indicated that father authoritarian significantly predicted reappraisal, father authoritativeness negatively predicted performance goal. Mother authoritativeness positively predicted performance and mastery goal. Furthermore, gender significantly predicted performance and mastery goal. While no mediational effect has been found in the present research. Role of gender and birth order was also explore which indicated that girls perceive their parents as authoritative and have goal orientation. But boys have the ability to suppress their emotions more than girls. While ANOVA revealed no differences on study variables on the basis of birth order. Parents, teachers, psychologist and school counsellors can utilize this study for bright future of students.Item Perceived causes of divorce, effects and later adjustment of divorced women with children(UMT Lahore, 2016) Hafiza Faiza FaizanIn the last few decades divorce rate in Pakistan is badly increasing which is an alarming situation for the social well-being of our society. Although this life transition affects both gender but in our culture specifically adjustment after divorce is another big issue for divorced women as compared to men. The present study is focused on the perceived causes of divorce and later adjustment of women. With the help of purposive sampling the sample included six divorced women who have children. Semi structured interviews conducted to investigate their experience of divorce, later effects and what factors they think are important in their later adjustment. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used for data analysis. The emergent themes provided significant evidences about in laws interference, lack of mutual understanding, extra marital affair, irresponsible behavior, financial exploitation, cheating, and physical torcher, character assassination, out of family marriage and cross marriage. Findings revealed that divorcees have to face latter effects which included social stigmatization, physical and psychological effects, economical issues with children, people’s negative attitude and remarriage issues. Finally they reported that divine accountability, value of children, social support, matrilineal support and economic adjustment helps them for later adjustment. The results has important implications to control rapidly increasing divorce rate in Islamic republic of Pakistan and also helpful for family counselors. This study suggests to do more narrative work to explore the causes that address this alarming situation and helps to changes people’s negative perception and stigmatization about divorcees.