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Item Analyzing The Impact Of Economic Liberalization On Democracy In A Globalizing World: A Case Of Pakistan(University of Management & Technology, 2017) Adan MirzaThe research study is designed to analyze the impact of economic liberalization on democracy in Pakistangiven the globalizing world of today. Along with the variables of globalization various other variables are also considered such as military regime, civil liberties like voice and accountability, economic growth, prior democracy, population growth, foreign aid, rule of law, regime stability and provisional constitutional order. Along with these the recent impact of China-PakistanEconomic Corridor on democratic development has also be analyzed. A time series approach is used to estimate the effect of these variables on democracy. It is assumed that globalization negatively impacts democracy and dampen the democratic process however in case of Pakistanglobalization has not been accepted to such an extent so as to significantly impact the democratic process. However, it has the potential to exert a negative impact if fully received in Pakistan.Item Policy Interventions in Olive Sector Development Approach in Punjab.(University of Management and Technology, 2018) Imran Masood ChaudhryThe underlying argument that develops the premise for this research study is that ‘Olive' is a sector with great potential for attributing to the socio-economic uplift and employment generation in rural economies of the marginalized areas on one end, while its critical ability to replace some volumes of the imported oil and dent the towering edible oil import bill to some extent, on the other. The sector has recently received government's renewed attention and through this research study, an attempt has been made to investigate Government of Pakistan's ‘Sector Development Approach' in the Potohar Region, which has recently been declared as the ‘Olive Valley' of the country. Are the policies planned, developed and ‘ve been implemented to give the sector an enabling environment to grow, in line with the global best practices, or is just another repackaging of ‘one size fit all' policy approach, which impeded the growth prospective of many sectors to the lowest levels? This study will investigate the impact of public sector's development interventions in the olive sector, through evaluating its current policies and collecting stakeholder's opinion about development of olive sector in the Potohar region. Focus Group Discussions and Interviews will be conducted with stakeholders including the public-sector policy makers, private sector entrepreneurs, small farmers, representatives of the academia and research institutions and other relevant player of the olive value chain, to analyze the impact of current policy regime on the sector development. It would lead us to the main findings of the thesis i.e., highlighting policy interventions for sector development and their impact in olive sector of Punjab and will conclude on set of recommendations to harness true and full socio-economic potential of the olive sector in Pakistan. ii | P a g e Literature review revealed that the lack of effective regulatory framework, ineffective institutional structure to enforce and monitor regulations and standards, conventional mindset of private sector to operate businesses, unawareness of farmers about good agriculture practices, and poor capacity of officials working in the public sector are some of the major causes which delayed the development paradigm of agriculture sector in the country (Malik et al, 2016). It is easily understandable that largely fragmented nature of the olive farming could have magnified all these factors in the sector under observation, and may have defy the impact, government would like to create through its interventions. That's what needs to be explored.Item Globalization and Pakistan(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Maria UsmanGlobalization is an acceleration and intensification of the economic interaction among the companies, governments, and people of different nations in the world. Globalization has affected all the nations of the world. Pakistancould not benefit from Globalization. Unlike China and India, Pakistancould not become an active recipient of globalization. This study aims to find the reality behind the failure of Pakistanto become an active recipient of globalization. This study is likely to reveal that why Pakistancould not benefit from globalization. This study throws light on the reasons behind the lack of skilled manpower and its effect on globalization in Pakistan. This study is likely to be helpful in understanding the current situation of the country and outlining possible future direction of globalization in Pakistan. Mixed-method approach is used. It is an exploratory and descriptive study. This study is an applied research. It is a cross-sectional study. Primary data is collected from experts as well as university students. Purposive sampling is used to choose the respondents for the study. Sample size is 163. The instrument used for primary data collection is a questionnaire comprising of open ended and close ended questions. Secondary data sources are also analyzed. The policies including, National Education Policy 2009, Labor Policy 2010, National Youth Policy 2008, Investment Policy 2013, Strategic Trade Policy Framework 2015-2018, Monetary Policy Statement July 2017, and Fiscal Policy Statement 2015-2016 are also analyzed for the study. Content analysis technique is used for the qualitative analysis of the data. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21 software is used for analyzing the data quantitatively. The study found various reasons due to which Pakistancould not benefit from globalization. It found that unskilled manpower, high illiteracy rates, current education system, lack the capacity for investment due to small industrial sector, less participation of female labor force, lack of technology, unawareness, foreign aid, closed industries and the quality of products being produced in the country are the prominent factors due to which Pakistancould not benefit from globalization. This study explored the reasons behind the lack of unskilled manpower. Illiteracy and the current system of education in the country, lack of technical and vocational training, poverty and lack of prosperity, and the lack of political will are the important factors behind unskilled manpower in the country. This study found the reasons behind the failure of Pakistanto become an active recipient of globalization. Lack of skilled manpower, lack of enough infrastructure to cope with this opportunity, small scale production, improper utilization of resources, relying on only few countries for trade, image of the corrupt governments, self-centered policies, and lack of political will are the reasons behind the failure of Pakistanto become an active recipient of globalization. If things remain as they are, there is hardly much chance of expanding globalization any further. There are more chances of globalization coming from China. For better future, elimination of corruption, better infrastructure, and human resource development is required. Manpower must be skilled. People must be educated. For better future, people centered policies must be developed. The study gave recommendation by which Pakistancan get benefits from the process of globalization. There is a dire need to impart skills to the people. Literacy rate must be increased. There is a need to bring changes in education system. There is a need to enhance social sector expenditures. Governments must devise the ways by which enough resources can be allocated for health and education. There is need to devise pragmatic ways by which we can overcome malnutrition and poverty because people suffering from malnutrition and poverty cannot acquire skills. We should identify our strengths and gain maximum benefits out of our resources. There is need to reconsider, which markets should be targeted and which commodities should be targeted. There must be focus on value added products. There is need to recognize the specialized field of PakistanItem The Role of Rural Woman in the Rural-Urban Migration Decisions: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Migratory Facets toward Lahore(University of Management and Technology, 2017) Lubna NazThis study investigates pull and push factors inspiring rural-urban migration toward Lahore - capital city of Punjab province of Pakistan. Among many other less consequential factors, the study in particular seeks to identify most important contributory factors in said migratory processes, coupled with whether or not woman empirically plays any role in spatial relocation of her household. Within a broader positivistic framework, data is collected entailing convenience random sampling of select locales of Lahore and analyzed using quantitative methods i.e., factor and regression analysis. It emerges that apart from significant role of woman in decision making for internal migration, the other more conspicuous variables found in rural-urban migration is the economic factor that has emerged as significant accounting for 47 % of total variance. Social factor is the second important factor with 29 % of variance. Better urban amenity is the third important factor that explained 12% of total variation.Item The myth or reality of Religious Terrorism – a case study of Pakistan (1980s Onward)(University of Management and Technology, 2016) Haroon, AyeshaThe concept of religious terrorism developed at the time of independence because objective resolution passed in 1949 without the consultation of minorities. It was opposed and criticized by the minority leaders that this resolution contained the basic principles of Islamic political system. So, the unintended consequences of this resolution created a seed of religious terrorism on the communal ground. This resolution has encouraged the use of religion against any sect to create terrorism in the name of religion. The violence of sectarianism was the first step towards religious terrorism in Pakistan. The Ahmadi movement was leading step towards sectarian war. It started and grabbed the country into sectarian war. Thereafter, the Shia sect became the main target because after declaring Ahmadi as non-Muslims, the so called religious cleric declared Shias in the category of non-believers. The next kind of religious terrorism is very complex because it states itself and projects themselves as Jihadi organizations, who are involved in Indian held Kashmir because Kashmir cause is the national narrative of Pakistani state. Although, 9/11 and war on terror are considered real wave of terrorism in this region but it is the reality that Pakistan has been indulged in religious terrorism. The global war on terror actually made two perceptions about terrorism; the war between Islam and West and U.S forces come for its own interest but gradually things went wrong and instability became the destructive factor across Pakistan. This research examines that how religious terrorism has been initiated in Pakistan. This research has selected five religious terrorist organizations. Each organization has different type of approach towards terrorism but religion is the main triggering factor because it gives the legitimation to use of violence. The five terrorist organizations Lashkar e Jhangvi, Jundallah, Lashkar e Taiba, Jaish e Mohammad and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan describe different patterns of violence. Lashkar e Jhangvi and Jundallah are sectarian based organizations that kill Shia Muslims as Shias are non-believers in the eye of these organizations. The state used Jihadi groups to liberate Kashmiri ix Freedom movement in their own interest and now these organizations are working independently. TTP and its ethno religious terrorism is confronting state and using religion as an opportunity to motivate people. The reality is religious terrorism often marginalized with the terminology of conspiracy, western propaganda and an effort to destabilize Pakistan. There is no doubt that terrorism is caused by religion in Pakistan.Item A study of political economy of bureaucracy in Pakistan(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Khawar Shahzad, AhmadThe purpose of this study was to examine the “Political Economy of Bureaucracy in Pakistan” as a part of study in Public Policy. It was a goal of this study to understand the current practices of bureaucracy in Pakistan, associated with service delivery to common man. It was also the premise of this study to comprehend the challenges faced by the modern administrators regarding implementation of policies. One of the objectives of the study was to comprehend the reasons and nature of relationship between federal and provincial officers for more cordial and harmonious correlation, imperative for institutional stability in the administrative structure of Pakistan. The study was carried on the provincial and federal officers in the Punjab province. The data presented in this research provides information for understanding the status of bureaucracy and implementation of policies by a sample of 452 Provincial and Federal officers in Punjab province in Pakistan. The study followed guidelines of exploratory and descriptive research. Data were collected through self administered questionnaire as well as e- mailed questionnaires to 452 provincial and federal officers in the Punjab province. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample‘t- test’ to describe officers’ perception about institutional quality, public policy formulation and implementation, politicization of bureaucracy, and federal-provincial services inter-relationship. No statistical difference was found between provincial and federal officers regarding public policy formulation and implementation of bureaucracy in Pakistan. While there found to be significant difference between provincial and federal officers about the perception of institutional quality of bureaucracy; politicization of bureaucracy and; federal-provincial services inter-relationship of bureaucracy in Pakistan. The findings of the study indicated that the respondents favored for enhancing the institutional quality by imparting training to the officers and following meritocracy by discouraging quota-based selection of officers. Furthermore, the results of the study indicated that bureaucrats serve the politicians more zealously than the general public. They have developed strong nexus with politicians for political and economic interests; politicization of bureaucracy has exacerbated institutional decay and bureaucrats exert influence on civil governments. The findings also reflected that economic development of Pakistan was beyond the capacity of prevalent bureaucracy and Public policy process was not implemented due to bureau-politic nexus in Pakistan. The results of the study indicated that the federal officers, posted in the provinces, were more powerful than provincial officers; Provinces are financially commanded by federal officers being posted on the decision-making slots. Furthermore empowerment of provincial officers in the provinces can create better institutional stability and harmony because provincial officers are discriminated by the federal officers during promotions and postings in their own provinces deliberately, so, a joint service comprising of federal and provincial officers can be effective strategy for national solidarity. This study revealed the main problems related to bureaucracy of Pakistan. At the end, specific recommendations were suggested in view of the findings of the study and literature review. This study would assist the future researchers to grapple with the work associated with institutional quality of bureaucracy of Pakistan that is sine-quo-non for economic development. It would also enable the researchers to clench the bureau-politic nexus through public policy formulation and implementation process.Item Association of political parties in political development towards good governance in Pakistan(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Nouman Butt, MuhammadAutocratic or authoritative political parties’ strong influence on Pakistan’s political system establishes heterogeneous society and parochial political culture. In spite of undemocratic characteristics of Pakistan’s political parties, they introduce themselves as democratic political parties. Problem is not only that these political parties are autocratic or authoritative; the main issue is that the affects and outcomes of these political parties do not allow for taking some crucial steps toward political development and better governance. Because these political parties do not want bureaucratization, institutionalization, democratization and professionalization which are the parts of political development and these constructs have great potential for changing in structure of society but the main changes are occurred in public or governmental institutions, organizations and departments. The major point is that the structure of political parties becomes an obstacle for political developments because changing in public institutions and organizations cannot occur without political parties’ transfer from authoritative or autocratic to democratic. Reason is that these political developments are the opposite forces of autocratic or authoritative political parties that can weak or lurch the autocratic political parties and only democratic political parties can accept these changes. In this connection, research requires a comprehensive and smart research methodology; therefore, in this research thesis quantitative research methodology, with deductive strategy is used for meaningful results through field survey of two hundred and twenty numbers of populations of political parties and civil bureaucracy. This field survey required SPSS (Cross tabulation, chi-square test) and one-way ANOVA for understanding the variations and comprehensive analysis which helped to define the statement of the problem, hypothesis, and research questions in the light of objectives of study of the research. Findings of this study reflects that majority of the politicians, members of political parties are not familiar with their parties’ constitutions and manifestos. Political parties’ members and workers are unsatisfied from their political parties’ progress. Majority of the political workers and members are not educated and have no special political education or training. But they know very well that democratic political parties are important for development and autocratic or authoritative political parties’ cannot take change in society therefore, majority of the population said 2013 government of federal and all provinces’ progress is bad. Politicians or political parties are doing interfere in the matters of governmental institutions, organizations and influence or pressurize the civil bureaucracy for their personal benefits. Today, Pakistan have to face lots of challenges in various fields due to autocratic or authoritative political parties in which common people are suffered and affected because majority of the common people are deprived from their basic needs and rights that is the responsibility of the governments. But not due to availability of basic rights and needs to common people, they are so frustrated because political parties have failed to deliver or secure the common people interest articulation. Beyond these issues political parties have realized that common people are hopeless from present political parties. Therefore, they have to deliver for common people otherwise the future of these political parties can be dark.Item The role of monitoring and evaluation in the public sector development projects: a case study of the Punjab cities governance improvement project (PCGIP)(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2015) Ali, ShanThis paper is based on the role of monitoring and evaluation towards improved governance-- a case study of the Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project (PCGIP) as a research design. Owing to growing social, economic and governance challenges to the province, a number of governance issues are on the rise. Hence, in order to tackle governance mismanagement, the government of the Punjab is committed to improve the services delivery and provision of other civic services through improved governance system in the province with the coordination of city entities like, CDGs, WASAs and DAs of the five big selected cities of the province. The project is being funded by the World Bank (with worth amount US $150 million) which is working in the five major cities of the province namely; Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan and Gujranwala. The project has established seven Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs) tomeasure the annual based performance and progress of the project in the respective cities through their proper monitoring and evaluation. This, M & E system provides overall a framework of action and mechanism in achieving the desired objectives and goals of a project within its set costs and time limit.Thus, monitoring measures the performance of implementation of an ongoing project to check and highlight any deviation. At the same time, evaluation is made to gauge the impact of activities performed, in addition, it also enhances our experience and learning in both cases of success and failure as well. In this study, the role of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is being studied as a fundamental tool to measure the level of effectiveness, efficiency, transparency and accountability, and a way forward to improve governance system in thePunjab province. This may ensure improved municipal services delivery to the citizens and good living standards in the selected cities.The study is following qualitative approach, while data have been collected through structured interviews which has been analyze through content analysis method. At the end of the paper for improvements of the project, certain recommendations have also been offered.Item Political information behavior, political ignorance, and voting behavior of rural dwellers in pakistan(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Asif, NaveedThis study explored political information behavior, political ignorance, and voting behavior of citizens residing in a rural setting using a qualitative research design. Face-to-face interviews of 71 individuals were conducted using an unstructured interview guide. Each interview was carefully recorded and transcribed. The transcribed data were analyzed and grouped into recurrent themes using content analysis. The results indicated that a large majority of rural inhabitants were politically ignorant and did not seem to be in need of political information. They were not politically conscious as they were unaware about the existing political system, the way government operates and affect their lives, current affairs, and rural development programs. However, a good number of participants required political information on current affairs, rural development policies, government policies and decisions, and both local and national political news. They mainly depended on mass-media particularly television for political information followed by newspapers, radio, and interpersonal relationships. The analysis also revealed that a large majority of these participants (n=61, 86%) did not know the value of their votes as a they, especially males, cast their votes using their preferences for their caste/clan, endorsement by the community leader, fear of enmity of village elite, and friendship with community leader. It was interesting to mention that the female participants mainly cast their votes considering the wishes of their household heads which was in contrast with the male voting behavior. There were only a few participants who choose a social worker for vote casting. Illiteracy, low education, language barriers, electricity shortage, bad timings of television talk shows were the major constraints restricting the rural dwellers in obtaining political information. These results have quite serious implications on the existing political system known as democracy in Pakistan. In addition, the results will assist the government officials in the development of a need-based, unified, and integrated rural information delivery system. These will also be helpful for NGOs, civil society, mainstream mass-media, and community based organizations in shaping public opinion, overcoming socio-political inequalities, altering existing socio-political arrangements, and strengthening socio-political participation. This research may provide new directions for more detailed and in-depth inquiries in the proposed area as no other study appears to have been conducted so far on the rural citizens’ political ignorance, political information behavior, and voting behviour.Item Trend of public-private partnership in Pakistan: An analytical study(UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Mariam AhmedThe concept of Public-Private partnership was developed formally in 1980s after the emergence of New Public Management (NPM) which has shaped governance into a new form. New Public Management has encouraged joint collaboration of public and private sector for the development of different projects. United States of America and United Kingdom are leading countries who have practiced Public-Private partnership in different sectors successfully. Other countries have also implemented Public-Private partnership in different areas. The response of Public-Private partnership projects is mixed all over the world. There are success stories as well as failure stories of Public-Private partnership projects in different countries. Pakistanalso experimented with Public-Private partnership in 90s. Private sector was invited in telecom and power sector mainly. Power generation plants were established on the basis of Public-Private partnership but it was not an efficacious project. The failure of the project did not discouraged Government of Pakistanand it involved private sector in some more projects in different areas. In 2010, Government of Pakistanhas developed a policy on Public Private Partnership which has been approved by Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) but there is slow progress in terms of its implementation. Hence, it is required to find out the reasons of slow implementation of Public-Private partnership in Pakistanbecause it is an effective tool to improve the governance of the country where there is financial deficit and resource constraint. On the other hand, private sector in Pakistanhas not only abundant resources but also expertise and skills. Therefore, it is viable option to involve private sector in public sector projects for timely and efficient completion. This research study has explored the causes of slow practice of Public-Private partnership along with the experiences of Pakistanin Public-Private partnership projects.