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Item China Pakistan Free Trade Agreement: Economic Impact on Pakistan(UMT.lahore, 2018) Asma ImtiazChina and Pakistan had established diplomatic relations since 1950. Pakistan was one of the very few countries who recognized People‟s Republic of China. The most important aspect of establishing relations was the economic aspect. Both the countries were looking market for their products as well as sources to import raw material for industries. The very first bilateral trade agreement was signed in March 1963 and they accorded „Most Favoured Nation” (MFN) status to each other. The diplomatic, defense, strategic and political relations expanded but they were unable to change it into strong economic relations. The bilateral trade figures show that the volume of this trade remained near to $ 500 million till the year 2000. The most significant change in relations was visible in 21st century. China and Pakistan signed several bilateral trade agreements to enhance trade including PTA, EHP and FTA. This thesis focused on the China Pakistan Free Trade Agreement and its impact on Pakistan. The methodology adopted for this thesis is qualitative and documentary analysis used to analyze the primary and secondary sources. Neoliberal Institutionalism gives this thesis the much-needed theoretical lens to view the major bilateral events and economic cooperation between China and Pakistan. The trade figures clearly showed that there is enormous growth in the volume of trade after the implementation of FTA. However, it is also clear that the imports from China enhanced at a rapid pace but exports to China were unable to capitalize the world‟s largest market. It is also important to note that first phase of FTA did not proved beneficial for Pakistan so the government of Pakistan is demanding preferential treatment from China on certain items. The negotiations for second phase are still in progress despite of lapse of almost four years now.Item The political ideology of Syed Qutb and Mawdudi: An analysis of their impact on contemporary Violent and Non-violent Islamist Organizations(UMT.lahore, 2018) Saif Ullah MansoorThe political ideology of Mawdudi and Qutb, who are the two most prominent Muslim scholars, revolutionized people’s ideas about the state, politics, the economy, society and jihad. Both had a deep influence on Islamist organizations, particularly in Asia, the Middle East and many Western countries. Writers have observed that Mawdudi, who supported a peaceful course to achieve his idea of an Islamic state, became an inspiration for Qutb, who is much more radical in his approach. Qutb in the later part of his life propagated armed resistance and became the intellectual father for many extremist organizations such as Al-Qaida and Taliban. Through documentary analysis of their key texts this paper argues that the political philosophy of both is still relevant as a source of inspiration to many Islamists organization (both violent and non violent).. These organizations are categorized by using a predetermined scale, of ideologically impressed only organizations and those which are both ideologically committed and tactically employed ones. These organizations are then labeled as violent/radicalized, non-violent/reformist and hybrid (vacillating between a violent and non-violent trajectory) The corollary of the main argument looks for the causes behind the success of such organization and here, by applying the “Social Movement Theory” we argue that the processes and pressures of social forces, such as feelings of deprivation, social injustice, weak political systems, and structural strains of prevalent order are some of the leading causes behind their success. These cause together form the favorable local context for the growth of such organizations.Item Analyzing the Role of Women Selected on Reserved Seats in the Punjab Assembly (2002-2018):(UMT.lahore, 2018) Muhammad AbbasMy research topic is “The Role of Women Selected on Reserved seats in the Punjab Assembly: (2002-2018) A critical Analysis”. This research is applying critical mass theory as framework to evaluate the role of women on reserved seats in Punjab Assembly. According to critical mass theory of representation, women have less effective role in legislation because of their smaller number that was firstly elaborated by Kantar, (1977) and Dahlerup (1988) who are the pioneer of critical mass theory. This research also explored the services of women on reserved seats. The response prioritized quota system because they have no equal opportunity to contest general election that is the best and prominent way to fade away the monopoly of men over politics. The permanent representation of women maintains the consistency towards achieving their prolonged and vital goals of gender equality and independency. The research also includes women parliamentarian of national assembly and Punjab assembly both on reserved seats and general seats. They were interviewed thoroughly by applying qualitative methodology. The purposive sampling was designed for the collection of data from the sample in accordance with the nature of research topic. The data was later analysed by using Narrative analysisItem Kabul-Delhi Nexus(UMT.lahore, 2018) Sher AhmedDelhi projected strategic depth by soft power presents substantial opportunities and impasses for Kabul. Exclusively for capacity building, infrastructure and security around its own growth center in Afghanistan. This research juxtaposes a set of overlapping perspectives emerging political order versus regional nuclear power’s cold war in Afghanistan additionally fragile versus developmental states, new regionalisms, new alliances, and resource conflicts to analyses the present and prospective implications for development and peace in Afghanistan. This thesis is about, the nexus between Kabul and Delhi and its implication for regional peace and security order in post 9/11 scenario. Also crucial in determining this outcome is whether or not a dilemma for the stakeholders in the region. On the other hand continent’s superpower's can facilitate or mediate this process given its own national interest and human development concerns, the myth of Afghanistan peace process will remain important in the discussion. Landlocked country Afghanistan is a junction among Central Asia, West Asia and South Asia and it has been the central point of Silk Road and human migration. Secondly Afghanistan remained catalyst in the spread of Islam by shaping the sub-continent politics and Muslim invasion of India from sultan age period to Mughal Empire. An interval of all three Asia’s remained the trade hub and crossroad. A buffer zone during the British raj and remained battle field for two Super power’s proxy war during cold war now a connecter of energy rich and energy hungry countries in the region. Moreover the Qualitative Research technique is applied to this research with the help of interpretive design and comparative methods. Beside this the Regional Security Complex theory application further examine this research work. Conclusively this parley emphasis on the geo-strategic importance of Afghanistan and geo-political momentum of the regional players and highlight their role of socio-political and economic purposes in the region.Item Election Strategies of Winning Candidates:(UMT.lahore, 2018) Abdul GhafoorThis research explores the election strategies of winning candidates of NA 126 Lahore and NA 263 Loralai. Through a comparative studies, it is found that different candidates had used different strategies which were suited to the socio-cultural norms of the constituencies and mindset of the voters. The candidates of NA 126 (Lahore) adopted the strategies of “Managing Election’s day (bringing the voters out of their homes and posting trained polling agents), targeting their opponents, the use of social media, telephone messaging, corner meetings, door to door campaign and strategy of change while the candidates of NA 263 (Loralai) used the strategies of “making electoral alliances”, tribal structure, nationalism, personal popularity and their background of middle class. The most effective strategy of winning candidates among these strategies, was “managing the polling day at tactical level”. Furthermore, it is noticed that the voters of NA 263 (Loralai) often cast their vote to the candidates who visit to their homes during the election campaign while the voters of NA 126 (Lahore) are the supporters of political parties and more women cast their votes on party lines and political leadership. The election campaign of candidates’ motivate male voters in NA 126 Lahore and female voters in NA 263 of Loralai. Besides, the people of NA 263 (Loralai) cast their ballots for personal benefits and nepotism. Furthermore, the voters of both constituencies, NA 126 (Lahore) and NA 263 (Loralai) equally casted their votes for those candidates who do developmental works in their constituencies. Thus, the election strategies of winning candidates are different from each other (126 Lahore and 263 Loralai). The candidates of both constituencies adopted different strategies, according to the aspirations of the voters and traits of the area. Though different candidates from the same parties with different areas, using their own tactics and strategies of parties, but their party’s strategies and their own tactics were not fruitful as in NA 126 (Lahore) and NA 263 (Loralai). For instance, through the same strategies, PTI won NA 126 (Lahore) but lost NA 263 (Loralai). The parties applied different strategies and won the election of NA 263, but lost the election of NA 126.Item The Culture of Fear in Post 9/11 Pakistan:(UMT.lahore, 2018-05-18) Saman ShabbirThis qualitative study attempts to answer if (a) terrorism has the effect of catalyzing the cycle of enhanced criminal behavior, (b) whether the aspect of fear is taken into consideration in policy prescriptions for curbing crime, and (c) what role social factors play in developing and retaining anxiety in the population. Based on relevant empirical and theoretical studies and interview data specifically collected for this research it is argued that in Pakistan, the prevailing climate of anxiety is a side effect of mis-governance and deficiencies in policy formulation and implementation. Additionally, terrorism has a strong link with criminality -- ransom, mass killings and kidnappings, bank robberies, vehicle smuggling, the trafficking of small arms, drug trade, and money laundering are prevalent and violent extremism is thriving due to these. Owing to these factors a culture of fear has seized our lifestyles and has also influenced our everyday routines. It is proposed that in order to put an end to fear, along with academic frameworks, administrative and non-administrative entities must be harnessed; and to keep a close watch on information transmitted by media outlets for reducing the propagation of panic in our population, rigorous regulatory changes are required by the government.Item Territorial Disputes between China and Japan in the East China Sea:(UMT.lahore, 2018) Muhammad Usman AskariThis thesis highlights the acts of China and Japan in the East China Sea (ECS) territorial dispute. It shows the both claimants strategies against each other over this issue. Both are focusing on the economic advancement and military modernization to secure its interests in the ECS. The growing tension between China and Japan over territory and maritime rights in the ECS has become a potential flashpoint in their bilateral relations. In order to maintain economic relationship, China and Japan have adopted the tactics of engagement. But at the same time they are hedging peace in the region owing to failure in settling ECS issue. This research tries to find out the answer to research problem, despite their close economic cooperation with each other, why China and japan have failed to resolve their territorial dispute in the ECS? The research has applied with qualitative methodology within post positivist paradigm. Two components of strategic hedging theory, Balancing and Engagement are utilized to analyze the behavior and strategies of the China and Japan in the ECS dispute. For data analysis directed content analysis with more focus on manifest approach has been used. Japan and China are regional neighbors, but due to the importance of the islands in their history both countries remain still on the dispute. Japan is employing political ties and military relations to hedge against China in the ECS. The China and Japan have to engage each other in the multilateral economic initiatives for deepening the relations between both countries. While engaging each other, both counties can share the burden of responsibility in the disputed ECS.