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Item Developing a technique for face recognition using pca.(UMT.Lahore, 2016) FatimaFace recognition has been an active area of research with numerous applications since late 1980s. In this paper, different approaches for face recognition along with PCA approach are discussed. There are two major categories under which different approaches fall, that are feature based recognition and principal component analysis. Principal component analysis; based on information theory concepts, seek a computational model that best describes a face which is done by extracting the most relevant information contained in the face. Eigen face approach also uses principal component analysis method; in which a small set of characteristic pictures are used to describe the variation among different face images eigen face approach is one of the earliest appearance-based face recognition methods, which was developed by M. Turk and A. Pentland [1] in 1991. A face recognition system, based on the eigen face approach is proposed with minimization of dimensions. Eigen face approach is an adequate method to be used in face recognition due to its simplicity, speed and learning capability. A number of different scenarios were created to evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm for efficient face recognition. The proposed system attempts to minimization of memory consumption. The results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is quite robust to head/face orientation but sensitive to different illumination ratios. At the end of thesis, a couple of ways are also suggested to improve the recognition rate. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the variability of the proposed face recognition method.Item A new proposed eight bit hybrid mash-efm multi-order sigma delta modulator for audio dac(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Khalid IjazDigital-to-Analog (DAC) Converters manifest a very imperative role in many applications where data is interfaced with real analog world. The occurrence of some problems like jitter, quantization errors, integral nonlinearity and conversion time reduces the performance of DAC. One of the most efficacious ways to combat these problems is the use of Sigma Delta Modulation (SDM) in DAC. This work emphasizes on the designing of Multi-order SDM to achieve high resolution DAC consuming low power and high SNR. The increase of oversampling ratio (OSR) requires the high speed DAC, overloads the quantizer, eventually reduces the DAC speed and increases the power consumption. Similarly, the complexity of the transistor circuitry in VLSI technology implementation increases as the order of SDM increases. Hybrid MASH-EFM architecture is used to overwhelm the above two conditions. MATLAB simulation will be used for comparison of different Multi-order SDM architectures to study the effect on DAC performance. Different performance parameters are recorded at different OSR’s of different architectures (MASH, EFM and Hybrid MASH-EFM).1st order Hybrid MASH-EFM SDM achieves high SNR equal to 131.7 db and ENOB of 16 bits at OSR of 5. These results reveal that the proposed architecture (Hybrid MASH-EFM) is superior to two existing architectures.Item Optimizing the non cascaded short term hydrothermal scheduling using accelerated particle swarm optimization (apso) algorithm(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Hafiz Zaheer HussainEfficient planning and optimal economic operation of power generation systems have played a major role in the growth of electrical power industry. Future energy demand not only depends upon increase of power generation units, but also requires the optimal operation of existing power systems. The cost of hydroelectric power generation is minimum but is not enough to fulfill the consumer’s electric power demand. Hence hydroelectric power system is used in conjunction with the thermal power system. A hybrid of both these electrical generation processes increase the overall power generation cost. In this thesis a meta-heuristic Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm has been proposed for hydro-thermal scheduling problem. The performance of the APSO algorithm has better than the existing various optimization techniques such as Lagrange Multiplier, Gradient Search, Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm, Evolutionary Programming and its variants, Canonical Particle Swarm Optimization and its variants. It takes extremely less execution time and minimum number of iterations required to reduce the overall production cost of short term hydrothermal scheduling problem while meeting all constraints with and without considering transmission losses.Item Evaluating mobile wimax in vehicle-to-grid system for communication between aggregator and vehicle(UMT.Lahore, 2016) Asfa JavedThe deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has been proved as a very attractive option due to a great feasibility in transportation cost, reduction in carbon emission, and decrease in fuel dependency. However, this deployment threatens power grid operations due to varying temporal and spatial patternsof EVs’ demand. Hence, for mainstream success, the capability to handle the potential extra load has become a major factor for power grid. For this integration it is necessary that the consumers and the power grid should coordinate with each other in harmony. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology can be used for this purpose by interconnecting Electric Vehicles with the power grid by either level peak demands or by strangling their charging rate. One of the key elements in V2G architecture is Aggregator. This entity plays a very crucial role to provide an interface between a large group of EVs and the power grid. Thus, there is a need of two established wireless communication links in a V2G system, the first is the communication link between the control center and the Aggregator, and the other one is the communication link between the Aggregator and the Electric Vehicles of its assigned area. This thesis aims to provide an investigative evaluation of the best suitable wireless access technology on the link between Aggregator and Electric Vehicles. For this purpose detailed communication architecture of V2G system has been explored to understand the exact role of Aggregator and its relationship with Electric Vehicle. Also the candidate wireless access technologies have been surveyed that can be employed in V2G communication system. Then mobile WiMAX has been selected for performance evaluation on the communication link between Aggregator and Electric Vehiclesin a multipath mobile fading environment. Itis a 4G technology that provides an infrastructure of wireless transmission that allows low maintenance costs as well as fast deployment. Physical layerof mobile WiMAX wassimulated in MATLABSimulink, under considerations of Aggregator-to-Vehicle (A2V) communication channel.Due to the time-variant nature of the channel, all possible circumstances against the worst scenariosare tested to quantify the system’s performance.The results obtained from the simulator were satisfactory and show that the mobile WiMAX is a suitable wireless technology that can provide a cost effective broadband internet access solution for A2V link. This research work is an original contribution to the available literature and will prove helpful in implementation of the system to turn the concept into the reality, which points out a possible solution for cost-effective and robust communication between Aggregator and Electrical Vehicle.Item Variable frequency drive to control the speed of 3-phase ac induction motor at variable load using labview(UMT.Lahore, 2016) MUGHEES ZAHEEN; MUHAMMAD SHAHID IQBAL; MUHAMMAD NAVEED IQBAL; ALI RAZA ANWARThree phase induction motors are the engines more frequently found in the industry. They are simple, durable, inexpensive and easy to maintain. They are at essentially constant speed from zero to full load. Speed is frequency dependent so that these motors cannot be easily adapted to speed control. However VFD (variable frequency electronic units) is being used increasingly to control the motor speed AC induction. Controls the frequency and voltage supplied to the engine and thus controls the engine speed and the driving system. This project is basically about designing of variable frequency drive to control the speed of 3 phase ac induction motor at variable load (motor generator set).Major task is to make the speed constant whenever load is added on motor generator set. In practical life where energy and time saving is very much important VFD is the best solution to every problem related to loading machines with different loads at a time. The mechanical load of generator having different load values is connected to our motor. Whenever the load on machine changes the speed of machine changes accordingly VFD with the help of its controller section maintains the changed speed to its previous value. It increases or decreases the speed of motor with changing load. Its main purpose is to drive the motor at constant speed no matter what is the value of load. We will use Lab VIEW for control and Monitoring. We are interfacing hardware with Lab VIEW through data acquisition card.