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Item Effects of Zoning Regulations and Building Geometry on Daylight Factor: A Case of Bahria Residences, Lahore(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Maria ChughtaiLahore has been facing a huge surge in population for the past few years with energy resource depletion, and rising energy costs. The number of housing societies keep on increasing within the city, all following the old by-laws and zoning regulations, with 10 Marla house size occupying a major chunk within them. Both building and urban design strategies put an impact on the daylight level inside a residence, along with some other factors like geographical location of the building, etc. By evaluating different architectural and urban design strategies on the basis of Average Daylight Factor (ADF) of natural light in 10 Marla residential sector, we would be able to understand how daylight availability inside residences gets effected. In order to achieve that, an existing 10 Marla house located in Bahira Town Lahore following its by-laws and zoning regulations is taken as a prototype. This house is then evaluated with respect to DF by using Insight plug-in within Autodesk Revit. Subsequently, certain urban and architectural parameters of that prototype house have been varied to find out how they impact upon the ADF inside that house. A total of 30 scenarios have been analyzed. Out of these 30 scenarios, 8 scenarios showed constant results while the rest 22 scenarios showed varied results. Keeping in view the results of these analyses runs, improvements for future are suggested at the end. While doing so, the scenarios performing well have been documented. Implementing the strategies that performed well in newer societies can help in elevating daylight levels inside residential buildings. Efficient use of daylighting inside the residential sector can help in cutting down the energy cost of the city throughout the year. By doing so, the physical and mental wellbeing of the residents of Lahore can be elevated, resulting in a healthy society moving towards a more sustainable lifestyle. This research is based on DF which is a static daylight performance metric. Future researches can be done following the pattern of this research for finding out optimum daylighting solutions, based on dynamic daylight performance metrics for 10 Marla residences.Item Evolution of Modernity: The Spatial Transformation of Lyallpur City(UMT, Lahore, 2022)In existing urban readings, there is a concept that has a substantial room to address a critical issues that is „Urban Modernity‟, in a city. Initially, Post-Colonial theories has been drawn to exemplify the relation between a city and modernity as there is an un-even geographical and historical concepts seen in past and in present development of cities because of urban modernity. The dissertation is based on a case study of a city in West Pakistan called Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), where an analysis is drawn to understand the urbanization process due to idea of urban modernity, through spatial hierarchy and urban living dynamics in three different eras. This thesis aims to understand the growth patterns altering the urban form and conflicts caused by politics in the city. The study concluded two aspects that has been neglected while planning a city, (1) is the contextual transformation and (2) the spatial formation effect on the city. Thus, the analysis of city suggests that every city needs policies and proposal based on its own „urban experience‟ rather than any universally applied solution. To cater this characteristic, two observations has been accompanied; firstly, there is a need to originate and cater new concepts for urbanization process and secondly, to revitalize the role of spatial transformation and socio-economic development in the Lyallpur city.Item DOCUMENTING THE CRUMBLING CATHEDRALS OF COLONIAL ERA(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Nahal IrumPakistan is a democratic state which was anchored on the principles of tolerance, co-existence and equal citizenship irrespective of cast, color and creed. It has a majority of Muslims and many religious minorities living in this country. However in Pakistan religious minorities, especially Christians has to face acute challenges as residents and so does their religious heritage sites. Although, these churches and cathedrals offers an old world charm that fosters a culturally rich heritage/community in the country. The allure and charisma of churches and cathedrals of Pakistan is being lost somewhere. The Christian Minority of Pakistan has tried to preserve their religious sites in its original form to some extent but there are deteriorations and encroachments; Government has paid no role in conserving rich heritage sites of Christian minority. This research shows that Christian minority heritage sites are on the blink of demolition not only because of natural reasons but because of manmade reasons as well. These days the condition of churches and cathedrals is precarious due to religious violence, prolonged negligence and long span of time. This research has focused on the causes underlying decay and deterioration of Christian minority heritage sites with in-depth photographic analysis. It will also give awareness to the public and governing authorities that these cathedrals are priceless assets for us. It will also educate so that further decay and deterioration is stopped and guide about the issues of conservation, restoration and provide knowledge about the significance of these magnificent cathedrals. Thus the analysis will propose a list of recommendations which could conserve these minority heritage sites for the future generations.Item A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MUGHAL AND SIKH ARCHITECTURE WITH REFERENCE TO FORM AND SHAPE(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Aamna Iqbal Hussain SiddiquiLahore one of the largest city of Pakistan and capital of province Punjab holds a wide history. Lahore which we see today is a result of many dynasties through many centuries. Lahore can be taken as hybrid city, being a modern city with skyscraper it holds a treasure of historic events and landmarks in it. Lahore is famous for its heritage from Mughal to Sikh and British colonial era. Every era left its footprints for us to understand better. Mughal architecture and Sikh architecture were most discussed topic since years. Both looks similar but are different at same time. Common people cannot differentiate between both styles because of resemblance. In this thesis, both architectural styles are studied and discussed from their origin to inspiration, from the contribution of emperors to their decline. Case studies and field surveys were conducted to understand both styles deeply and to build a border line between them. Elements of both architectural styles were the prime part of this thesis, every case study is studied deeply and visual notes were made for the comparison between them. At the end of the thesis comparison is deducted so that the reader can understand the similarities and differences between them.Item Identification of Weathering on Historic Façade of Colonial Architecture in Lahore: A Case Study of Dayal Singh Mansion(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Sibgha TahirPakistan is among the top ten countries in the world which is facing climate change issues due to changing weather patterns. Lahore is the foremost city which has been severely affected due to this phenomenon. The climate change and weathering has also effected the built heritage. The research focuses on the weathering effects on the exposed surfaces of heritage due to climate change on Colonial era buildings. Dayal Singh Mansion, a distinguished structure of Colonial period is taken as a case study to identify the weathering effect on building facades. The research further describes the surface morphology of the exposed material of the colonial heritage and identifies the damages which have been made to it. The latent risk factors which are destroying Colonial heritage and how it can be minimalized using the guidelines provided by UNESCO using tools and techniques so it can be conserved for future.Item Analyzing merits and demerits of Urban Transformation ;A case study of Main Saddar Bazar Sialkot Cantt(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Ali Abdullah KazmiSialkot, the city of Iqbal, is home to many key industries and is considered an important city of Punjab province. Like many highly-populated cities of the world, Sialkot, too, has undergone massive physical expansion to accommodate an ever-increasing population. The use of available land in the city has seen perpetual transformation; especially its southern and south-eastern fringes have sprawled and are dotted with planned settlements, particularly the places that lead to Sialkot International Airport. Since land is a key resource to accommodate the expansion and various other development activities within the residential areas of the city, Saddar Bazaar, in Sialkot Cantonment area, with its well-planned public areas, has emerged as the central hub of this historic city. With an unbridled growth in commercial and business activities, the Bazaar faces a plethora of problems, with transformation of land use being the principal issue to be addressed on urgent basis.