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Item Deficits in Executive Functioning, Emotion Regulation, Interpersonal Relationships and ADHD Symptoms in University Students(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Rehana MushtaqThis research aimed to explore the relationship among deficits in executive functioning, emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and attention deficits, and hyperactive symptoms in university students. This research was completed by carrying out four independent studies. Study 1 consisted of the development of Attention Deficits Hyperactivity Symptomatology Scale. Factor Analysis generated three factors of Attention Deficits and Hyperactive Disorder symptoms inattention, hyperactivity, and prosocial with good internal consistency. Study 2 comprised translation and validation of Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale for adults with the good fit model. Government and private university settings were used for the current study. In current, a mixed-method design was used. Study 3 was carried out with the testing of the hypothesis by taking a sample of 1190 university students 46% men and 54 % women with the age range of 18-24 years (M= 20, SD= 1.55) through multi-stage sampling. Participants have completed the Attention Deficits and Hyperactive Symptoms Scale Self-Report, Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (IDS), Difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning for Adults.Item Psycho-Social and Emotional Determinants of Emotional Behavioral Problems in Adolescents(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Sayyeda Taskeen ZahraThe current study aimed to explore the psycho-social and emotional determinants of emotional behavioral problems (EBPs) in adolescents. For this purpose, the predictive role of family cohesion, emotion regulation, and interpersonal difficulties with emotional behavioral problems (EBPs) was identified. The existing research was completed by conducting four studies. Studies 1 and 2 comprised of development of the Family Cohesion Scale (FCS) and the Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (IDS). Factor analysis yielded four factors of family cohesion mutual support, sharing, parental involvement, and emotional bonding, and three factors of interpersonal difficulties lack of manners, social isolation, and self - centredness. Study 3 was concerned with the testing of study hypotheses by recruiting 1452 (Boys 46% and Girls = 54%) having the ages between 12-19 years (M = 15.11, SD = 1.33) by using a multistage sampling technique. Participants completed Family Cohesion Scale (FCS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (IDS), and School Children Problem Scale (SCPS). Results indicated that 11% of boys and 19% of girls were experiencing very severe levels of emotional behavioral problems and 15% of girls and 12% of boys reported very severe levels of interpersonal difficulties.Item Patterns of Psycho-Social Problems and Coping Strategies of Students with Visual Impairment(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Safia SultanaVisual impairment (VI) is the third leading impairment that affected more than 2.2 billion persons worldwide and impedes their psychosocial and emotional functioning. The degree to which these problems affect individuals‘ physical, psychological and social wellbeing depends, in part, on one‘s coping resources and strategies. The study had two aims. Firstly, to measure the patterns of psychosocial problems and coping strategies of students with VI. Secondly, to demonstrate the association between psychosocial problems, coping strategies, and key demographic variables. Mixed methods research design was employed to assemble data. The study comprised five different phases, in early phases, phenomenology was explored by 35 university students with VI (20 men and 15 women) ranging from 18 to 26 years of age (M=21.29±2.65), to develop the initial pool of items for the construction of Psychosocial Problem Scale and Coping Strategies Scale. Expert validation was sought and both scales were pilot tested on 10 participants (5 men and 5 women). Lastly, psychometric properties of the newly developed indigenous scales were established and hypotheses were tested using a sample of 559(Men 61% and Women 39%) students who were either congenitally (76%) visually impaired or had acquired the condition (24%). The age of the participants ranged from 16-28 (M= 20.34, SD = 3.48) years.Item Embitterment, Emotion Regulation, Social Support and Psychosocial Problems in Nurses: Effectiveness of CBT(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Saba AslamNursing is one of the most stressful professions. Stress has been found the long term effects among nurses which leads to different mental health concerns one of those impacts is embitterment. To see the impact of embitterment among nurses the research was conducted which comprised of four studies. Initially, in the study, I three hund nurses were selected with the age range 25-35 years (M=30.35, SD=2.90) for the development of embitterment scale (EMB) which found two factors solution (Anxious Rumination and Anger). The psychometrics of the scale were established which reflected the sound psychometrics of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with the sample of seven hundred nurses' mean age (M=30.57, SD=3.09) showed reliable model specifications as x2/DF=3.04, CFI=0.93, NFI=.90, TLI= .92 and RMSEA=.06. Study II was comprised of the development of psychosocial problems scale (PSPS) which found three factors solution (Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Exhaustion), and the psychometrics of the scale were established. Confirmatory factor analysis shows the sound results as x2/DF=3.05, CFI=0.94, NFI=.92, TLI= .92, RMSEA=.06. Study III was comprised of the main study in which the prevalence of embitterment and psychosocial problems was determined and the main hypothesis were checked.Item Satisfying Marital Relationship and Mental Health in Dual Career Couples(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Maheen Abid AliMarriage is considered as one of the most significant bonds that consequently sustain a strong nation. In a collectivist culture like ours, the significance of marriage is twofold. A marital relationship from which the spouses derive satisfaction and contentment has been referred to as satisfying marriage. Satisfying marriage can have an impact on a couple’s mental health. The aim of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound and culturally relevant scale of satisfying marriage for dual career couples. In order to explore the phenomenology of satisfying marital relationship, 25 participants (13 women and 12 men), 25-42 years of age, were interviewed individually and their responses were recorded in verbatim. After removing duplicate items, the remaining items were transformed into a 4-point likert scale to assess the content validity of each item and altogether 45 items constituted the Satisfying Marriage Scale (SMS). After expert validation by 13 experienced psychologists, the scale was further administered to 450 married individuals (220 men and 230 women), with the age ranging from 21-50 years (M=31.40, SD=6.27) to establish psychometric properties. SMS along with a Demographic Performa, Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was administered.