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Item Relationship between Family Income, Part-Time Work and Students Academic Achievements (An Structural Equation Modelling Approach)(UMT.Lahore, 2020-03-03) Maham YaqoobIn this thesis we have studied the impact of class difference and the student part time job on university student’s academic achievement. . The impact is seen from class difference, large size of the family, low income (insufficient resources), pessimistic job prospects, inability to face university daily expenditure like (transport, computer, stationary, extra and co-curricular expenditure. Factor analysis and Structured equation modeling technique is used for this study. The purpose of the factor analysis is to reduce many individuals' items into a fewer number of dimensions. Factor analysis is a way to take a mass of data and shrinking it to a smaller data set that is more manageable and more understandable. The result shows that the Class difference and Student employment have significant effect on Student academic achievement. There is a positive relationship between class difference and academic achievement. It’s mean that if the parent’s income increase the student CGPA will also increase. And there was a negative relationship between the student employment and Academic achievement. This negative relationship shows that if the student do part time job then it effect the student’s Academic performance.Item A NEW HYBRID EXPONENTIALLY WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE CONTROL CHART USING MIXTURE RATIO ESTIMATOR OF MEAN(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Hafiz Zain PervaizThe Control charts are the most important tool of Statistical Process Control (SPC) tool kit. It is commonly used to differentiate between the “assignable and un-assignable causes.”The purpose of the effective process monitoring system is to detect the presence of an “assignable cause.” The control charts are of different types. Some are “memory control charts” and other is “memory-less control charts.”Shewhart are memory-less control charts and are being used to detect a large size shift whereas the memory type charts are used for dealing with small size shifts. The use of statistical quality control charts in different fields of life revealed that the most of the control charts are structured to cater information about the quality characteristic/ studied variable. If we are able to acquire some information about some other variable(s) which is correlated with our variable of interest, we can enhance the efficiency of the control chart by the efficient charting statistic. The additional information is known as auxiliary information and the variable providing the additional information is referred as auxiliary variable. This additional/auxiliary information is used at different points in survey sampling to estimate the unknown parameters. Whenever the auxiliary information is used in the parameter estimation process, the precision of the estimating the parameter is improved. In this thesis, we proposed A New Hybrid Exponentially Weighted Moving Average HEWMA control chart. The proposed control chart is based ona mixture ratio estimator of mean using a single auxiliary variable and a single auxiliary attribute (Moeen et al., 2012). We call it as Z- HEWMA control chart.The proposed control chart performance is evaluated using out-of-control-Average Run Length (ARL1). The control limits of the proposed chart is based on estimator, its mean square errors. A simulated data is used to compare the proposed Z-HEWMA, traditional/simple EWMA chart and CUSUM control chart. From this study the fact is revealed that Z-HEWMA control chart shows more efficient results as compared to traditional/simple EWMA and CUSUM control charts.The Z-HEWMA chart can be used for efficient monitoring of the production process in manufacturing industries where auxiliary information about a numerical variable and an attribute is available.Item Quality of Life Index for Patients with Chronic Liver Disease(UMT.Lahore, 2020-02-14) Humaira NisarCirrhosis is a critical stage of liver scarification (fibrosis) due to several forms of liver illness and conditions, including hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Every time the liver gets injured, whether it's caused by sickness, excessive consumption of alcohol, or another reason it's attempting to repair itself. The scar tissue is formed in the method. When cirrhosis advances scar tissue develops increasingly, causing the liver impossible to function. Advanced cirrhosis threatens life. Cirrhosis is the permanent fibrosis of the liver, which is the late stage of a final common process of severe harm to a significant vital organ. It is the 8th major cause of death in the U.S. and the 13th major cause of death worldwide, with death rate increasing by 45.6 percent from 1990 to 2013. To evaluate the impact of chronic liver disease on HRQL, looked for differences in HRQL by type and severity of disease, and tried to identify clinical or pathological variables with disproportionate effects on HRQL. The research will describe the ability of the CLDQ to detect associations with disease severity and its applicability to all types and stages of liver disease and suggest that it can be an additional, important outcome in natural history studies and in clinical trials designed to modify the course of chronic liver disease. Quality-of-life measures, such as the CLDQ and SF-36, can complement clinical outcomes; this integrated approach to the study of chronic liver disease will capture the total impact of these diseases on patients’ health and well-being A Cross – sectional study was conducted at Gastroenterology department of Jinnah Hospital, Ganga Ram hospital and Services hospital. Total 400 patients with liver cirrhosis will be included in study. HRQL was measured with a generic (Short Form 36) and a liver disease-specific (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire) questionnaire. The average score for Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional and Mental Health was 35.1, 31.9, 43.2, 43.6, 41.0, 50.2, 34.1 and 48.6 respectively. Social Functioning was comparatively better among all domains regarding Quality of Life. The average scores for AS, SS, EF, FA, AC, WO was 8.8, 15.6, 25.8, 15.0, 9.4 and 19.3 respectively. All the domains score are nearer to baseline. Scores for CLDQ are not good enough as the data has been taken from Cirrhosis patients. It was concluded from the study that as age and disease severity increases the QoL of Cirrhosis patient’s decreases. CLDQ appears to offer a useful instrument for assessing QOL among liver disease patients. Quality-of-life measures, such as the CLDQ and SF-36, can complement clinical outcomes.Item A Comparative Study of Spline Models(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Fizzah HaqEconomic problems that faced in a country cause great changes particularly in the economy progression. Also they are influenced by various internal or external situations. Economic or political problems generally cause rapid and sudden increases in inflation and commodity prices. Gold has grown into an alternative investment mode for Pakistani investors. Price rise is defined as inflation, which is the increase in the cost of living as the price of goods and services increases. Inflation rate is the annual year percent change in price level. This report used the wholesale price index (WPI) as an inflation analog. It is commonly used by numerous analysts, states, banks and sectors, because it aims at price movements most comprehensively. The data of gold price and whole sale price index that used in this study was obtained from Census and Statistics Department State Bank of Pakistan from duration of 1960 to 2018, the sampling period consisted of 59 measurements per annum. The aim of this study is to compare two spline models regression spline and penalized spline and also to achieve a precise and accurate estimate for the price of gold. The prediction has been made for Pakistan's bases of inflation rates over the last six decades.Mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to evaluation criteria to test the reliability of both analytical techniques. R-studio 3.5.2 is used for this imperial analysis. Best result hasbeen achieved using the cubic penalized spline according to MSE and MAPEperformance criterions. F-test is used to compare the two spline models and conclude that both techniques are nor statistically significant neither functionally relevant, both models are significantly different. The R^2 significance of the penalized spline model for gold price data is higher than the R^2 of regression spline model.Thus, it is conclude that specially in case of prediction the penalized spline model is a more effective and appropriate statistical method for gold price data and also for such types of economic data in Pakistan.Item EFFECTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON LIFE EXPECTANCY OF SAARC COUNTRIES(UMT.Lahore, 2020) FAIZA SHAHIDLife Expectancy cites to the how many years a person can await to live. It is extensively worked as an indicator of wide evolution of a state or nation. It has expanded from past ten years in several states of the globe. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a competitive and topological organization that has been agreed to foster socio-economic growth, peace and security, and collective self-reliance within its member nation. It was formed at 1985 summit. Inceptive members of SAARC include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The objective of the study was to estimate the effects of socio-economic factors on life expectancy of SAARC countries (1996-2018).In this regard, the panel data regression method is being applied. MS-Excel (2013) was used to for data entry and analysis has been done by E-views 9. The panel unit root test explained that all the variables are stationary at first difference. The graphical representation of life expectancy of each country individually showed that there exist the upward trend of life expectancy of SAARC countries from 1996 till 2018. The findings of empirical results by using the panel data analysis showed the positive relationship between life expectancy and all of those explanatory variables except the poverty (working poor at $3.20 a day). The relationship between life expectancy with inflation (% of GDP defaultor) and unemployment rate (% of total labor force) were insignificant at 5% level of significance whereas, gross capital formation (% of GDP), total population (no. of persons), health resources (proxy as no. of hospital beds per 1000 people) and poverty (working poor at $3.20 a day) were significant at 5% significance level. Furthermore, the Hausman test showed that fixed effects model is appropriate for the present research. The present research is restricted to six socio-economic factor that affects the life expectancy of SAARC countries from the period 1996-2018. Researcher may use some other factors that may influence impact on life expectancy of SAARC countries, there is possibility of getting better and broadened results. A more recent time series data may also help to get good and reliable results. This study presents many recommendations in respect to improvement of life expectancy of SAARC countries.Item Comparison and Forecasting of Demographic Indicators for SAARC Countries(UMT.Lahore, 2020) Yasir Iqbal