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Item Social intelligence, impression management and social anxiety in university students(UMT Lahore, 2024-06-03) Asma TariqThe study was conducted to find out the relationship between social intelligence, impression management and social anxiety in university students. It was hypothesized that Social intelligence would be negatively correlated with social anxiety among university students. The sample was 300 participants (Men = 151, Women = 149) with the age range of above 18-25. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit only those participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of research (Robinson, 2014). Data was collected through in person. Social intelligence Scale, Impression Management Scale and Social Anxiety scale was used to evaluate relationship between social intelligence, impression management and social anxiety in university students. Results were discussed with reference to western and indigenous researches. The results showed that there is the results indicated that Social Intelligence was a significant and positive predictor of social anxiety and a positive predictor of Impression management. And also the results of t-test have shown that there is a significant gender difference in the Social Intelligence, Impression Management and Social Anxiety in University Students.Item Family cohesion, social skills, submissive behaviour and psychological vulnerability in adolescents(UMT Lahore, 2024) Wajeeha AkmalThe study aims to explore the relationship among family cohesion, social skills, submissive behavior and psychological vulnerability in adolescents. For this purpose, correlational research was conducted. For this 300 adolescents were recruited, the age ranges between 12-18 years (M=15.19, SD=1.77). The participants were given Family Cohesion Scale, Social Skills Scale, Submissive Behavior Scale and Psychological Vulnerability Scale. The results showed that family cohesion, mutual support, sharing, parental involvement & emotional bonding had negative relationship with friendship skills, submissive behavior and psychological vulnerabilities, and submissive behavior had positive relationship with psychological vulnerability. The mediation analysis showed that it was seen that submissive behavior as mediator partially mediates the relationship between family cohesion and psychological vulnerability. Furthermore, t-test was conducted and the results showed that; Students living in nuclear family had higher scores in terms of social attributes and submissive behavior. Moreover, individual coming from joint family system scored higher in terms of friendship skills as compare to nuclear family system. For gender difference results showed that girls had more social skills and friendship skills, whereas, boys were more psychological vulnerable.Item Personality, supervisor incivility, work family enrichment and mental health problems in sales women(UMT Lahore, 2024-06-04) Amna ShahbazThe aim of the current study was to develop an indigenous scale on supervisor incivility & to find out the relationship between personality, supervisor incivility, work family enrichment & mental health problems in the population of sales women and to investigate the predictor of mental health problems among sales women. It consisted of two studies, study 1 was related to the development of supervisor incivility scale (SIS), the exploratory factor analysis was conducted through which 3 factors i.e., humiliation, controlling behavior & lack of recognition were identified and 31 items were retained. Study 2 was the main study in which hypothesis testing was done. The sample comprised of 150 sales women recruited via purposive sampling strategy with an age range of 18 to 35 years from different malls and outlets in Lahore city. The measuring tools used for obtaining data were the Demographic Questionnaire, Big Five Personality Inventory, Supervisor Incivility scale, Work-Family Enrichment Scale & Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. The outcome of the main study indicated that neuroticism had a significant positive relationship with stress, anxiety and depression; supervisor incivility had a significant positive relationship with anxiety and; work-family enrichment had a non-significant relationship with stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, neuroticism and supervisor incivility were found to be significant predictors of mental health problems in sales women.Item Mental toughness, supervisor supervisee relationship, procrastination and emotional exhaustion in PHD scholars(UMT Lahore, 2024-06-24) Hifza MawraThe purpose of the current study was to examine the association between mental toughness, procrastination, supervisor-supervisee relationship and emotional exhaustion in Ph.D. scholars. The correlational research design was used to examine the extent and nature of relationship between the variables in this study. The snowball sampling technique was used to recruit Ph.D. scholar from Private and Government universities of Lahore (N=150). The study tested the main hypothesis and measures included Mental Toughness Scale (Anthoney & Saleem, 2015), Student Procrastination Scale (Mahmood & Subhan, 2015), Short-Supervisor-Supervisee Questionnaire (Cliffe et al., 2016) and Burnout Scale (Shahzad & Saleem, 2014). The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 22. The results from regression and correlational analysis revealed that mental toughness, and supervisor-supervisee relationship are positively associated with emotional exhaustion in Ph.D. scholars while procrastination is negatively associated with mental toughness and emotional exhaustion in Ph.D. scholars. Mental toughness, procrastination, supervisor-supervisee relationship are significant predictors of emotional exhaustion in Ph.D. scholars. Procrastination and supervisor-supervisee relationship fully mediates the relationship between mental toughness and procrastination. There appeared to be no significant gender differences in mental toughness, procrastination, supervisor-supervisee relationship and emotional exhaustion in Ph.D. scholars. The current study will be helpful in promoting awareness regarding emotional exhaustion in Ph.D. scholars. This study will also be helpful in providing intervention strategies to Ph.D. Scholars. The study is beneficial for supervisors, students, counselors and clinical psychologists in understanding the emotional exhaustion of Ph.D. scholars from a different perspective.Item Adverse childhood experiences, siblings relationships, sadistic tendencies and depressive symptomatology in young adults(UMT Lahore, 2024-05-06) Zeenat MushtaqThis study aimed to explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, siblings’ relationships, sadistic tendencies and depressive symptomatology. This aims to find the impact of adverse childhood experiences on the nature and expression of sibling’s relationships which further affects the sibling’s bond and lead to the development of negative behavioral tendencies such as sadistic tendencies and depressive symptomatology in young adults. For this purpose, a sample of 300 participants were taken from private and government institutes of Lahore aged from 17-28. Stratified sampling strategy was used to collect the data and the study was carried out using the cross-sectional research design. Three indigenous scales such as Adverse Childhood Experiences, Sadistic Tendencies, DASS for depression. Furthermore, a scale was developed to measure the nature of sibling’s relationships and factor analysis was run. Three factors named Supportive Siblings Relationships, Moral/Spiritual and Conflictual Siblings Relationships were explored, and 49 items were retained. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21, using descriptive analysis, correlation, t-test, Hierarchal Regression, and ANOVA. The results indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between adverse childhood experiences, siblings’ relationships, sadistic tendencies and depressive symptomatology. The gender and type of institute doesn’t have significant relationship between sadistic tendencies and depressive symptomatology. However, the supportive siblings relationship showed strong significant relationship with depressive symptomatology and other two factors showed weaker positive association with depression in young adults.Item Perceived parental expressiveness, inter personal difficulties and psychological distress in university students(UMT Lahore, 2024) Farheen AzharThe present study aims to explore the association among the perceived parental expression, interpersonal difficulties, and psychological distress. For this purpose, a cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted. For hypothesis testing, a sample of 131 university students was recruited from various universities. The age range of participants was 18-24 years (M=21.41, SD=1.80). The participants were provided with a consent form, demographic information sheet, Perceived Parental Expressivity and Instrumentality Scale, Interpersonal Difficulty Scale (IDS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). The results showed that perceived maternal expressivity had a significant negative relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress. Perceived paternal expressivity had a significant negative relationship with interpersonal difficulty, depression, anxiety, and stress. Interpersonal difficulty had a significant positive relation with stress, anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the results showed that perceived paternal expressivity was a significant negative predictor of depression, anxiety and stress, whereas interpersonal difficulty was a positive predictor of depression, anxiety and stress. The overall results confirmed that perceived parental expressiveness plays a vital role in children’s mental wellbeing. Therefore, the role of perceived parental expressivity should be considered during intervention while dealing with students having persistent complaints of stress, depression and anxiety.Item Postpartum psychosocial stressors, communication patterns, coping strategies and mental health issues in fathers(UMT Lahore, 2028-08-04) Mubara QasimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between postpartum psychosocial stressors, communication patterns, coping strategies, and mental health issues in fathers. The data was collected from fathers (N-123) having one or two babies with age range of birth till six months. Snowball sampling technique was used for data collection. For Postpartum Psychosocial Stressors and Coping Strategies, two scales were developed by using four step model of scale development. The data was collected by using four scales i.e., Postpartum Psychosocial Stressors Scale (PPSS), Communication Patters Scale (CPS) (Shafi & Subhan, 2019), Coping Strategies Scale (CSS) and for mental health issues DASS-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) was administrated. Results indicated that postpartum psychosocial stressors were positively correlated with maladaptive coping strategies and mental health issues i.e., depression and stress and negatively correlated with affectionate communication patterns and anxiety. Through Multiple Hierarchical Regression, it was proposed that fathers’ occupation, postpartum psychosocial stressors, maladaptive coping strategies and emotionally distant communication patterns were significant positive predictors of mental health issues in fathers. The t-Test revealed that fathers having jobs were facing more postpartum psychosocial stressors and mental health issues than those doing business.Item Social intelligence, emotion regulation, psychological reactance and mental health problems in athletes(UMT Lahore, 2024) Hira IqbalThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship among social intelligence, emotion regulation, psychological reactance and mental health problems in athletes. For this purpose, an indigenous scale was developed for psychological reactance. The scale development consisted of item generation in which 30 items were generated and finalized. For the expert validation, six of the experts validated the items and pilot study was carried out on 10 participants. The current study consisted of 150 male and 150 female athletes with the age range of 18-35 with M= 22.33 and SD= 3.81. The participants were given indigenously developed Psychological Reactance Scale, Social Intelligence Scale, Emotion regulation Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The findings of the current study showed single factor for Psychological Reactance Scale. Furthermore, Social intelligence has significant positive relationship with Emotional regulation scale while Emotional regulation is significant and negatively correlated with mental health problem. Social intelligence has significant negative relationship with psychological scale and Psychological Reactance is significant and positively correlated with mental health problem. Also, Social intelligence and emotional regulation are negative predictors of mental health problems in university athletes and Social intelligence and psychological reactance are positive predictors of mental health problems in athletes. In demographics education, occupation and residence were correlated with mental health problems.Item Emotion reactivity, cognitive biases, drive for muscularity and social appearance anxiety in male gym members(UMT Lahore, 2024-09-18) Mushyydah AbidThis study examines the relationship between emotion reactivity, cognitive biases, drive for muscularity, and social appearance anxiety among male gym members in Lahore, Pakistan, who are aged 18 to 30 years. The study attempts to determine the associations between these psychological variables and their effect on social appearance anxiety using a correlational research design. Purposive sampling was used to choose a sample of 121 gym patrons based on a certain inclusion criterion. The Drive for Muscularity Scale, Emotion Reactivity Scale, Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale, and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale were among the validated scales used in the study. Important results from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that more weight, drive for muscularity, sensitivity, arousal/intensity, and safety behaviors were significant positive predictors of social appearance anxiety, while consistent gym attendance was found to be a negative predictor. Furthermore, a parallel multiple mediation study revealed that cognitive biases, rather than drive for muscularity, significantly mediated the relationship between emotion reactivity and social appearance anxiety. Analysis of variance test showed that participants who spent more than two hours at the gym, were in relationships, and went to the gym seldom were higher in social appearance anxiety, emotion reactivity, and cognitive biases. These findings highlight the necessity of focused psychological therapies, especially ones that target cognitive bias modification, to reduce social appearance concern among gym-goers.Item Personality, self-efficacy, attitude towards artificial intelligence and perceived therapeutic alliance in mental health practitioners(UMT Lahore, 2024) Samra ShehzadiThis study explored the relationships between personality, self-efficacy, attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI), and perceived therapeutic alliance in mental health practitioners. Using purposive sampling, data were collected from 218 Clinical Psychologists, including both trainees and qualified professionals. The study used four scales: the Big Five Personality Scale (5PF), General Self-Efficacy (GSE), Attitude towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (AAIS), and the Scale to Assess Therapeutic Relationships in Community Mental Health Care (STAR-C). Results indicated a significant negative correlation between acceptance and openness towards AI and conscientiousness (r-.18,p<0.001). Self-efficacy positively correlated with conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness, and negatively with neuroticism (r.21,p<0.001). A strong therapeutic alliance was positively associated with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and self-efficacy. However, attitudes towards AI showed no relationship with personality components or self-efficacy. Multiple Hierarchical Regression analysis explored that age, conscientiousness, and self-efficacy were significant positive predictors of perceived therapeutic alliance. T-test results indicated that mental health practitioners with extensive knowledge of AI were more inclined to use AI in therapeutic settings than those with limited knowledge. One-way ANOVA showed that mid-career and late-career practitioners scored higher on the therapeutic alliance compared to others.Item Parental disharmony, intolerance of uncertainty, hoarding behavior and psychological distress in young adults(UMT Lahore, 2024) Arooba TariqThis study investigated the impact of Parental Disharmony, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Hoarding Behavior, on Psychological Distress in young adults. The primary aim of the study was to understand complex interplay and the association among Parental Disharmony, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Hoarding Behavior, and Psychological Distress. Attachment theory formed the basis of the theoretical framework of the study, describing how Parental Disharmony, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Hoarding Behavior could culminate in Psychological Distress. A quantitative approach was employed to collect data through on-campus surveys from university students (N=361). The results revealed a positive association between Psychological Distress and Parental Disharmony, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Hoarding Behavior. Results of regression analysis revealed that gender, Parental Disharmony, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Hoarding Behavior were significant predictors of Psychological Distress, whereas mediation analysis showed that Hoarding Behavior and Intolerance of Uncertainty mediated the relationship between Parental Disharmony and Psychological Distress, however, no direct effect was observed between Parental Disharmony and Psychological Distress. These findings suggest that young adults who come from conflict-ridden homes or whose parents often fight tend to develop Intolerance of Uncertainty and Hoarding Behavior as a coping mechanism, all of which contribute to Psychological Distress. The study contributes to available literature by filling up gaps in it.Item Rumination, self-reflection, self-consistency and psychological vulnerability in university students(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-13) Fiza AhmedThe purpose of the research was to explore the relationship between rumination and psychological vulnerability and role that is being played by self-reflection and self-consistency as mediators. The data was conducted from university students (N=300). For this specific purpose, the scales that were used are Rumination Inertia Scale (Shahzad & Jabeen 2021), Preference for Consistency Scale (Cialdini et al., 1995), Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant & A.M, 2002) and factor 1 which is sense of dysfunctionality of Student Problem Checklist (Saleem & Mehmood, 2011). The results showed a significant positive relationship between rumination, self-reflection with psychological vulnerability. However there was no significant relationship between self-consistency and psychological vulnerability. The results of hierarchal regression analysis showed that among gender psychological vulnerability were found more in female gender than male. Rumination about self, spirituality and insight are significant positive predictors, whereas need for self-reflection and internal consistency are negative predictors of psychological vulnerability. The moderation analysis findings indicate that increasing self-consistency will eventually decrease the association between rumination and psychological vulnerability. The result of T-test analysis on number of siblings in rumination, self-reflection and psychological vulnerability showed higher scores in group 1. A significant difference was observed in rumination, self-reflection and psychological vulnerability where women scored highest. Among family system, in rumination the nuclear family system score was higher. The current research is helpful to understand the association between ruminations and psychological vulnerabilities with cultural significance. The results have been discussed in terms of cultural context.Item Religiosity, psychological flexibility, and post-traumatic growth in young adults with parental loss(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-05) Fatima RehanThe current study aimed to explore the association between religiosity, psychological flexibility, and posttraumatic growth in young adults with parental loss. The existing research was completed by conducting two studies. Studies 1 comprised of development of the psychological flexibility scale (PFS). Factor analysis yielded three factors of psychological flexibility i.e., social adaptability and spirituality, mental toughness, and optimism and resilience. Study 2 was concerned with the testing of study hypotheses by recruiting 300 (Men 50% and Women = 50%) ages between 20-30 years with a mean age of 24.07 (±SD = 3.17), by using a snowball sampling technique. The data was collected through participants using a research protocol comprised of Pakistan Religious Coping Practices Scale (Khan et al., 2006), Psychological Flexibility Scale (Rehan & Zahra, 2024), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Kausar & Saghir, 2010). Pearson Product Moment Correlation indicated the significant positive association of religiosity with psychological flexibility and posttraumatic growth. Moreover, Regression analysis suggested that religiosity and psychological flexibility, as significant predictors of posttraumatic growth. Additionally, parallel mediation analysis indicated that psychological flexibility was mediating the association between religiosity and posttraumatic growth. Furthermore, the association of key demographics with religiosity, psychological flexibility, and posttraumatic growth was also explored. Results were discussed regarding the expression and manifestation of religiosity, psychological flexibility, and posttraumatic growth in a collectivistic and traditional culture.Item Posttraumatic stressors, maladaptive beliefs, gratitude and psychological vulnerability in breast cancer patients(UMT Lahore, 2024-07-29) Amna HayatThe current study explores the relationship among post-traumatic stressors, maladaptive beliefs, gratitude, and psychological vulnerability in breast cancer patients in Pakistan. Using a correlational research design, purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from N = 108 breast cancer patients (age ranging from 40 – 65 years, M= 48.64, SD= 5.92) approached through cancer hospitals. The study adopts a quantitative approach examining the relationship among the variables using Pearson Correlation coefficients analyses in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. In order to measure the relevant psychological constructs, following scales were used after obtaining permission from the authors: Post-traumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale (PMBS; Foa et al., 1999), the Maladaptive Interpersonal Beliefs Scale (MIBS; Wenzel et al., 2006), the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6; McCullough et al., 2002), and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS; Goldberg et al., 2006). Results obtained from the analyses revealed post-traumatic stressors and maladaptive beliefs as significant determinants of psychological vulnerability. Findings suggest that gratitude acts as a mediator between post-traumatic stressors and psychological vulnerability, reducing the effect of stressors when considering gratitude. Moreover, post-traumatic stressors and maladaptive beliefs were found to be positively correlated with psychological vulnerability, whereas gratitude exhibited a significantly negative correlation with psychological vulnerability. Furthermore, future research should be directed towards focusing on the development of culturally appropriate interventions. The use of longitudinal designs should be considered to provide an in-depth understanding of pre- and post-diagnosis psychological profiles of the patients.Item Personality, ostracism, self-silencing and interpersonal difficulties in university students(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-19) Hajra AshrafThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality, Ostracism, Self-Silencing, and Interpersonal difficulties in university students. The Data was collected from 237 students by using a stratified sampling technique. The present study comprised the demographic sheet, Personality Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 1987), Ostracism (Ferris, 2008), Self-Silencing (Ashraf & Saleem, 2020), and Interpersonal Difficulties (Ihsan & Mahmood, 2013). Correlation analysis revealed that agreeableness has a significant positive relationship with conscientiousness, ostracism, and Self-silencing, meanwhile, conscientiousness has a positive relationship with all variables except self-inhibition. On the other hand, ostracism has a negative relationship with self-inhibition and a nonsignificant relationship with interpersonal difficulties. Self-silencing and ostracism have a significant relationship with agreeableness, conscientiousness, and ostracism. Hierarchal regression results revealed that the family system, level of education, agreeableness, self-sacrificing, and self-inhibition are significant predictors of interpersonal difficulties and nonsignificant relationships with ostracism. T-test findings showed significant findings on the gender, education setting, and family system groups. Anova's analysis showed significant results on fathers' and mothers' education and birth order. This study will provide a new theoretical explanation of the framework so that universities can provide counseling services providing professional support to students who have been ignored and silenced may help to reduce the negative impact on their psychological health.Item Social support, work-study conflict and emotional exhaustion in working university students(UMT Lahore, 2024-06-05) Areeba TalibThe current study aimed to explore the association of social support, work-study conflict and emotional exhaustion in working university students. For this purpose, the predictive role of work-study conflict in the association of social support and emotional exhaustion was identified. The existing research was completed by conducting two studies. Study 1 comprised of development of Work-Study Conflict Scale (WSCS). Factor analysis yielded three factors of work-study conflict named as intrapersonal problems, academic and career setbacks and interpersonal problems. Study 2 was concerned with the testing of study hypotheses by recruiting 250 working university students (men= 50% and women= 50%) having the ages between 18-30 years (M =23.24, SD = 2.61) by using a purposive sampling strategy. Data was collected from participants by using scales named as Work-Study Conflict Scale (WSCS), Burnout Scale (BS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PSS). Results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis revealed that work-study conflict was positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, work-study conflict was negatively associated with social support. Regression analysis suggested that work-study conflict and social support predicted the emotional exhaustion in working university students. Regression analysis also demonstrated the age, university type, number of siblings and job sector as predictors of emotional exhaustion. Findings of mediation analysis revealed mediating role of work-study conflict (academic and career setbacks) in the association of social support (family support) and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the association of key demographics with social support, work-study conflict and emotional exhaustion were also explored. Finally. The results were also discussed by highlighting the cultural perspective.Item Family functioning, social competence, ADHD tendencies and academic difficulties in adolescents(UMT Lahore, 2024-08-15) Zainab FayyazThe current research was conducted to find out the relationship among Family Functioning, Social Competence, ADHD Tendencies and Academic Difficulties. In this quantitative correlation research, 300 adolescents (170 males and 130 females aged between 11 to 17 years (M= 13.10, SD=1.49) from different government schools of Lahore who were selected through purposive sampling. A demographic form, Family Communication Scale, Family Satisfaction Scale (Zahra & Saleem,2021), Social Competence Scale (Khurshid & Mahmood, 2018), ADHD Self-Report Scale (Kessler,2005) and School Children Problem Checklist (Saleem & Mahmood,2011) was provided to the participants. The correlation analysis results revealed that family functioning and social competence was significant negatively correlated with ADHD tendencies and academic difficulties whereas family functioning was positive corelated with social competence. It also indicated that a significant positive relationship between ADHD tendencies and academic difficulties. The multiple hierarchical regressions revealed that poor family functioning, poor social competence and ADHD tendencies were positive predictors of academic difficulties. The t-test revealed there was no significant gender differences among family functioning, social competence and academic difficulties. The one way ANOVA results revealed no significant differences in classes of the participants among family functioning, social competence, ADHD tendencies and academic difficulties.Item Lived experiences of caregivers of women with post-operative complications after delivery(UMT Lahore, 2024-12-23) Unshah H. QureshiThe present study aimed to explore the experiences of family caregivers providing care to post-surgical patients with childbirth complications. Through a qualitative approach with phenomenological research design, purposive and snowball sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Seven women caregivers of patients with post-operative complications of delivery were selected with age ranging between 25 to 35 years. A semi-structured interview guide was prepared to explore lived experiences of caregivers and psychosocial impact of caregiving. The interviews were audio taped, transcribed and then analysed thematically via interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). After analysis, twenty emergent-superordinate themes under six constructs i.e. expectations from a caregiver, impact of caregiving, mental health, revival of routine, steps taken to improve mental health and outcomes and suggestions emerged. The findings showed that caregiving interrupted daily routines, causes psychological pressure, and necessitates the use of various coping mechanisms to manage stress and maintain well-being. Therefore, the current study suggested the need for supportive interventions to decrease caregiving load, while recommendations for future study focus on exploring caregiving experiences across varied socio-cultural contexts.Item Intellectual humility, emotional regulation, demoralization and post traumatic growth in emergency responders(UMT Lahore, 2024-10-16) Maham AslamThe current research was conducted to find out the relationship among intellectual humility, emotional regulation, demoralization and post traumatic growth in emergency responders. In this quantitative cross-sectional research, 200 responders (188 males and 12 females aged between 24 to 56 years (M= 33.84, SD=8.46) from four departments i.e. 1122, dolphin, police and NGO offices across Lahore were selected through purposive sampling. A demographic form, comprehensive intellectual humility scale (Krumrei-Mancuso & Rouse, 2016), emotional regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), demoralization scale II (Robinson et al., 2016) and post traumatic growth inventory (Cann et al., 2010) was provided to the participants. The correlation analysis results revealed that intellectual humility and emotional regulation was significant positively correlated with post traumatic growth whereas demoralization was significant negatively corelated with post traumatic growth. The multiple hierarchical regressions revealed that intellectual humility and emotional regulation were positive predictors whereas demoralization was a negative predictor of post traumatic growth. Hayes mediation analysis revealed that emotional regulation and demoralization partially mediated the association between intellectual humility and post traumatic growth. The one way ANOVA results showed significant differences in departments of responders among intellectual humility, emotional regulation, demoralization and post traumatic growth.Item Paranoid tendencies, family environment, embitterment, psychosocial adaptation in young adults(UMT Lahore, 2024) Huma AsifThe current study aimed to assess the relationship between paranoid tendencies, cohesive family environment, embitterment, and psychological adaptation in young adults. The study was conducted using a correlation research design to examine 410 young adults aged 18 to 30 from university students in Lahore.. The Scales used were the Paranoid Tendencies Scale, Family Cohesion Scale, Embitterment Scale and Psychosocial Adaptation Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. Findings of the correlation analysis showed that paranoid tendencies were negatively correlated with family cohesion and psychosocial adaptation, while positively correlated with embitterment. A cohesive Family environment was significantly negatively relationship related to embitterment and positively associated with psychosocial adaptation. Meanwhile embitterment significantly shared a negative relationship with psychosocial adaptation. The outcomes of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that sub-factors of paranoid tendencies, such interpersonal mistrust or social isolation, were negative predictors of psychosocial adaptation. Conversely, sub factors of Family Cohesive Scale, such as balanced cohesion and balanced communication, were positive predictors of psychosocial adaption. The results of parallel mediator analysis indicated that a cohesive family environment was a complete mediator between paranoid tendencies and psychosocial adaptation. The findings were discussed in the context of Pakistan. The implications of the study was provide a better understanding of the factors associated with paranoid tendencies, family environment, embitterment, and psychosocial adaption in young adults .this study also helps to fill the gaps in previous research and provide new directions to the future studies.