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Item Exploring the public perceptions about child sexual abuse(UMT Lahore, 2016-08-04) Saba NazirThe study was carried out to explore the public perception about child sexual abuse. Eight participants were contacted, who were educated, well informed and willing to talk about the issue. They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Using a descriptive content analysis, themes were emerged and these were grouped in three main categories. The findings of the study provided evidence those sexual offenders are perceived in their socio cultural context, ambivalence about media, and silencing of self. They are inadequate in their social functioning and diverse in their psychopathology.Item Perception of female commercial pilots about the challenges, motivation, and support in their professional life(UMT Lahore, 2016) AMMARA IJAZThis study provides a qualitative analysis of the perceptions derived from the experiences of the Pakistani female pilots, and gender related behavioral issues in the field. This research pursues the question, how do female pilots experience working in commercial aviation, and what gendered behavior do they face while working in this field in Pakistani cultural context? The objectives of this study were to explore the subjective experience of female pilots, perception of being a woman pilot in our culture, gender related issues, level of acceptance from male dominated society and male members’ attitude towards female pilots. With these questions, this study brings to light the subjective experience of a woman as a commercial pilot. This study used semi-structured interview method on a small sample of five female pilots (aged 35-50) working as commercial pilots. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) technique Collaizi’s steps of phenomenological analysis technique were used for data analysis. Participants reported that commercial aviation is a unique field in which despite of much gender discrimination, male resistance and discriminating behaviours of the co-pilots by various means and certain other challenges, still they perceive it as a charming and satisfying field, and as a very means to increase one’s self-esteem, they never felt regret against joining commercial aviation and got over all the emotional hindrances that were drawn from society. Intrinsic motivation, instructors’ support and appreciation, family support, charming uniform, job satisfaction and flying of plane itself were the encouraging factors that suppressed their fears of giving up while facing barriers from society and the field, and fear of being failed or crashing planes and other relative failures. The study suggests the need of more empirical qualitative work to explore social hindrances or emotional exploitations those force many of the girls who wish of becoming female pilots not to join commercial aviation.Item Social competence and psychological well-being among School children(UMT Lahore, 2016) Naila SadiqThe current study examines the relationship between social competence and psychological well-being among school children. The Sample consists of 300 children including (n= 150) school girls and (n = 150) school boys from 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th grade with age range 9-13 years obtained from public and private schools of Lahore using convenient sampling technique. Social Competence Scale (SCSC) and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) for Children were administered on the designated sample in order to measure social competence and psychological wellbeing respectively. Results showed that there was a strong link between social competence and psychological well-being of children, but no gender differences were found on social competence and psychological well-being among school children. Furthermore, social competence predicts two dimension of well-being: social well-being and psychological well-being but did not predict emotional well-being. Findings have been discussed within indigenous cultural perspective.Item Self-identity of career oriented pakistani women(UMT Lahore, 2016) Kashmala Amin KhanThis study explores the self-identity of career oriented women of Pakistan within its cultural context. Qualitative research design was employed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA) to obtain data from a sample of five career oriented women of Pakistan between the ages of 40 to 55. The data was obtained in the form of narratives pertaining to these women’s work related professional and personal experiences and as story tellers of their lives the women were addressed as autobiographers instead of participants. The narrative analysis of all interviews from the autobiographers revealed significant themes and it was found that the self-identity of career oriented women could be categories into: i). Strong sense of empowerment, ii). Traditional (reserved) sense of empowerment iii). Weak sense of empowerment.Item Psychosocial Correlates of Bullying Behavior and Self Harming Behavior in Adolescents(UMT Lahore, 2016) Kanwal AbbasBullying and self-harm behavior have emerged as a salient problem in the school environment. These issues in adolescents have grasped the attention of researchers due to its major physical and social outcomes such as conduct, emotional and peer problems, hyperactivity and lack of pro-social behaviors (Fliege, Lee, Grimm, Burghard & Klapp, 2009). The current study hypothesized that conduct, emotional and peer problems, hyperactivity and lack of pro-social behaviors are significantly positively correlated with bullying and self-harm behaviors in adolescents. It was also hypothesized that these factors predict self-harm and bullying in them and likely to predict differently in both genders. In a cross sectional study, a sample of 250 school going early to late aged adolescents (females=125, males=125) from Lahore city are selected through systematic random sampling technique. Conduct, emotional and peer problems, hyperactivity, lack of pro-social behaviors, self-harm and bullying behavior are assessed by administering Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 2001), Illinois Bullying Scale (Shuja, & Atta, 2011) and Self Harm Inventory Scale (Sansone,Wiederman & Sansone, 2012) respectively. Study findings reveals that adolescents, who express more peer, conduct and emotional problems and hyperactivity, manifest more self-harming and bullying behaviors. The study concludes that emotional symptoms and conduct problems are significant predictor of bullying and self-harm behaviors. On the other hand, male adolescents express more conduct problem, emotional symptoms, self-harm and bullying behavior than their counterparts. The study concludes that these problems adversely affect adolescents and may lead to other diverse problems such as poor school performance, self-injurious behaviors, adjustment problems etc. So, at every level and especially in the growth period of adolescence; society, parents and teachers should needs to play for the betterment of adolescents.Item Motives for listening music and psychosocial wellbeing in teenagers(UMT Lahore, 2016) Tehmina AkmalThe current study investigated the relationship between motives for listening to music and psychosocial wellbeing in teenagers. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationship between music listening motives (enhancement motives, coping motives, social motives and conformity motives) and psychosocial wellbeing (emotional wellbeing, social wellbeing and psychological wellbeing). Music listening motives will predict wellbeing. It was a correlational (cross-sectional) research. A non-probability convenient sample of 269 high school students including boys = 134 and girls = 135 with the age range from 14 to 19 (M = 16.01, SD = 1.39) was collected from different private and public schools and colleges of Lahore. Measurements included translated version of Motives for Listening to Music Questionnaire (MMLQ) (Kuntsche, Le Mevel, & Berson, 2016) and Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) (Keyes et al., 2008). The results of Pearson product moment correlation showed that enhancement motives were positively and significantly correlated with emotional and social wellbeing, while coping motives were positively and significantly correlated with emotional and psychological wellbeing, and social motives were positively and significantly correlated with emotional wellbeing. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that enhancement and social motives were significant positive predictors of emotional wellbeing, whereas enhancement motive was a significant positive predictor of social wellbeing. The study helps us understand the importance of music in teenagers and contributes to the endeavor of music psychology.Item Perception of young girls regarding gender in cartoon movies(UMT Lahore, 2016) Tooba KhanThis study provides a qualitative analysis of the young girls’ perceptions about locating gender in cartoon movies. Cartoons have an effect as primary agents of communication and education for children, termed as “teaching machines” by Henry Giroux. Cartoons are one of those mediums that teach how to do gender. Children in Pakistan watch several cartoon movies; most of them are dubbed in Urdu/Hindi language. A few popular cartoon movies are gender-oriented and portray gender as a social construct. Two interesting aspects of these movies with respect to a child as a viewer are how children perceive gender in cartoon movies and how the cartoon movies portray gender. With these objectives, this study brings to light a girl child’s perspective on gender as emerged from the cartoon movies. With a small sample of ten girls (aged 7 to 8) studying in government and private schools in Multan, this study used qualitative research approach that includes child conferencing (short interviews) and child-friendly methods (i.e., children drawing and picture description for data collection). The cartoon movie selected for this research is a popular movie about Doraemon, an alien who lives in an Asian family on earth. The movie is famous for its traditional gender portrayals as seen in Asian culture. Children described differences between genders with respect to their physical appearance, prosocial behavior, academic behavior, aggression, peace loving, gender roles, peer culture and other characteristics that they were able to locate in masculinity and femininity. Children also reported social relations and attractions for opposite gender. This study produced child-centered empirical evidence that may be observed as a roadmap to enhance child-centered research in psychology. The study suggests the need for more empirical qualitative work on media production for children using multiple child-friendly methods to investigate a child’s perspective.Item Narcissism and self esteem as predictor of aggresion among adolescents(UMT Lahore, 2016) AMNA SALEEMThe study explored the relationship between Narcissism and unstable Self-Esteem as predictors of Aggression among adolescents from Lahore, city of Pakistan. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a correlation between self-esteem, narcissism and aggression. It was also hypothesized that narcissism and self-esteem are likely to predict aggression. For this correlational study, self-report data from 153 participants (n=89 men, n=63 women) were collected. Online Aggression Questionnaire (Buss, A.H. & Perry, M.P., 1992), Online Sorensen Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Sorensen, 2006), and Online Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16, Ruskin & Terry, 1998) were used. The demographic variables included in this study were age, gender, class, family system and income. Results revealed a significant negative relationship between narcissism, self-esteem and aggression. According to findings, self-esteem is a significant negative predictor of aggression and there is a positive significant correlation between narcissism and aggression. The narcissist is likely to show high aggression. The implication of the study is beneficial to researchers in different disciplines such as education, clinical psychology, and university students, who wish to work on anger management techniques to help people in preventing aggression and even crime.Item Reflective functioning, personality organization, and attachment security among pakistani youth(UMT Lahore, 2016) Bilal Khalid DogarReflective functioning is the capacity to reflect on our own mental experiences and experiences of others. It is a reflexive process with unconscious roots in the interpretation of each other’s actions that develops in early childhood through the process of attachment with the primary caregiver. In addition, reflective functioning and attachment are both thought to be implicated in the development of personality. While this triadic relationship is supported by theory, empirical evidence for it is still lacking. In this observational study, we investigated the correlates of reflective functioning, attachment style and personality organization in a final sample of 91 teenagers and young adults (13-30 years) from Pakistan. We further conducted a mediation analysis to detect possible interaction effects between the subscales of these constructs. The instruments administered were the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ; Fonagy & Ghanai, 2008), the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO; Lenzenweger, Clarkin, Kernberg, & Foelsch, 2000), and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000). Reflective functioning was found to be significantly correlated with two subscales of personality organization, namely primitive defenses and reality testing, whereas there was no significant correlation with identity diffusion. On the other hand, primitive defenses and identity diffusion were found to be significantly correlated with anxious attachment and avoidant attachment style. Reality testing was significantly correlated with anxious attachment but not with avoidant attachment style. Mediation analysis revealed that there was significant negative indirect association of anxious attachment with reflective functioning through primitive defenses and through reality testing but not through identity diffusion. Also, there was significant negative indirect association of avoidant attachment with reflective functioning through primitive defenses but not through identity diffusion and reality testing.Item Alexithymia predicts addiction proneness in undergraduate students: does impulsivity mediate the association?(UMT Lahore, 2016) Farva FatimaAlexithymia is the inability to differentiate and describe one’s feelings. It is a feature that is present in non-clinical population but at higher levels, alexithymia may be seen as a psychopathological feature. Research on alexithymia in general, is scarce in Pakistan. We aim to investigate the relationship of alexithymia with addiction proneness among undergraduate students and to assess the mediating effect of impulsivity that how it leads the person towards the risk of drug abuse. We hypothesized that alexithymia will positively predict addiction proneness as well as impulsivity among undergraduate students and their relationship will be mediated by impulsivity. For this correlational study, self-report data from 200 participants (n=110 men, n=90 women) were collected. Participants were conveniently sampled undergraduate students (aged 18-26) enrolled at the University of Management & Technology. Online Alexithymia Questionnaire (OAQ: Thompson, 2005) was used to measure the intensity of alexithymic features, and the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS, Woicik et al, 2009) was used to measure the proneness of addiction, and impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11; Barratt, 1995). Results of the present study indicated a significant positive relationship of alexithymia with addiction proneness (r=.29, p<.001) and with impulsivity (r=.32, p<.001). Relationship between alexithymia and addiction proneness was mediated by impulsivity (β=.151, p<.001). Future researches should examine the association using larger, more diverse sample. Comparison should be made between clinical and non-clinical samples.Item Psychological capital and job satisfaction among school teachers(UMT Lahore, 2016) Erica Salina KalimThe study explored relationship between psychological capital and job satisfaction among teachers of government and private schools of Lahore, city of Pakistan. It was hypothesized that there will be a positive correlation between job satisfaction and psychological capital. It was also hypothesized that teacher’s age and gender doesn’t affect the level of job satisfaction. The sample of the study included 100 teachers from government and 100 from private schools. The measures that used in this research were Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007), Job Satisfaction Survey (Spector, 1985) and Demographics sheet. The demographic variables included respondent age, gender, education and their work experience. The tests used in this study are correlation and t-test. Results revealed that there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and job satisfaction. Significantly positive relationships were also found between hope and job satisfaction. Findings also revealed that age and gender does not affect job satisfaction. It also revealed that self-efficacy and optimism are positively correlated because both are learned components and teachers’ efficacy is positively correlated with their job satisfaction. Employees are important assets of an organization; in order to get more benefits from employees it is necessary to keep them psychologically healthy. The managers should arrange seminars, workshops and counseling sessions to boost up their psychological capital.Item Impact of child abuse and maltreatment on self-compassion and emotion regulation capacities in adoloscence and young adulthood(UMT Lahore, 2016) Sana UsmanChildhood maltreatment is a menace that involves physical harm to sexual assault leading to emotional trauma. This study aims to analyze the self-compassion as a mediating factor in the association between childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation. The pathway from childhood abuse to dysregulated emotions might be explained through the styles children relate to themselves out of which self-compassion is an important category. It was hypothesized that child maltreatment and emotion regulation will be negatively associated with self-compassion and also it will mediate the association between child maltreatment and emotion regulation. Self-Compassion Scale, Emotion Regulation Scale and Early Trauma Inventory were administered. However, contrary to the expectations it was found self-compassion had no significant relationship with suppression or reappraisal and with all the subtypes of abuse. Although, self-compassion did have a negative correlation with emotional abuse. The study contributes to future clinical research by introducing interventions like self-compassion for mitigating the adverse impacts of child abuse and also as an emotion regulation strategy.Item Spirituality and sense of coherence among university students(UMT Lahore, 2016) Memoona ArshadThe present study investigated the relationship between spirituality and sense of coherence among students. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationship between spirituality and sense of coherence among students. Multidimensional measure of Islamic Spirituality scale (Dasti and Sitwat, 2010) and sense of coherence (Antonovesky, 1987) were used. Correlation (cross sectional) research design was employed. The non-probability convenient sample of 210 students including 106 women and 104 men students with age range of 18-27 years (M = 22.1, SD = 2.59) was drawn from University of Management and Technology and the Punjab University of Lahore. The results of Pearson product moment correlation revealed that positive relationship between spirituality and sense of coherence whether sense of coherence whether job had negative relationship with sense of coherence. Furthermore, multiple regression disclosed self-discipline and tolerance-intolerance were found to be significant positive predictors of sense of coherence whereas search and quest for divinity and self-aggrandizement were found to be significant negative predictors of sense of coherence. T-test revealed that women were found to be higher on spirituality as compare to men. The importance of this study lies in hypothesizing a positive relationship of spirituality and sense of coherence to explore multidimensional positive behavioral and cognitive patterns in Pakistani culture to enhance well-being.