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Item SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BICARBOXYLATE LIGAND DERIVED FROM ANTHRANILIC ACID(UMT.Lahore, 2018) ASMA RASHEEDIn this research work, I synthesized the ligand by using the anthranilic acid and maleic anhydride as a reactant. The synthesized ligand characterized by using the FTIR technique to confirm the important peaks from the spectral line such as C=O, C=C, NH, OH, and NH2. I performed various test to check out the ligand such as the melting point of anthranilic acid, maleic anhydride and the ligand. The solubility of the anthranilic acid, maleic anhydride and the ligand also checked by using a different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, distilled water, acetone, acetic acid etc. The synthesized ligand has various applications. It is specially used in the preparation of the metal organic frameworks which have many useful applications in daily life.Item SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF Ni(OH)2 NANOPARTICLES & Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4 NANOCOMPOSITE(UMT.Lahore, 2018) IQRA SHAHIDIn the recent years photocatalysts used for the removal of dyes from the industrial waste water has been of great interest for the researchers. Water is the essence of life that is crucial not only for human beings but also for all the living things on Earth. With the high standards of living and advancement in industrialization the fresh water resources are getting inadequate. Textile industry is one of the major causes of this problem as it uses a significant amount of water during its manufacturing process and in return releases contaminated water containing 10-15% of harmful dyes in sewage water from where they can be mixed with fresh water underground. Dyes pose a major threat because they can be easily converted into the cancer causing and toxic products which are harmful for human beings as well as the living things. Back then there were only three methods such as physical, chemical and biological for the removal of dyes from the industrial waste water. But now-a-days research has been extensively done on the semiconductor photocatalysts due to their solar energy conversion and environmental purification. For this purpose Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles and Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite were prepared by the simple precipitation method. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye that is a cationic dye has been performed under solar and UV radiation. So, semiconductor photocatalysts are the promising materials for the complete removal of organic dyes. Among all the semiconductors both the metal nanostructure and metal/g-C3N4 nanocomposite based photocatalysts are of great potential use for the wastewater treatment. Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite proves to be a promising photocatalyst due to its unique structures, eco friendliness, synergistic adsorption property and high abundance in nature.Item SYNTHESIS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES AND TiO2/POLYANILINE COMPOSITE(UMT.Lahore, 2018) AEMANDyes are the major toxic waste of industries and is a great problem from so many years. Dye impart the color to water due to their brilliant color. Removal of dye from wastewater is a big problem due to their solubility in water and cannot be removed by using the conventional methods. Anaerobic and aerobic processes used to reduce the toxicity and color intensity of these dye but their complete degradation through these methods is not possible and poses a problem. In recent decade’s transition metal oxide nanoparticles has become the hot topic for academic research due to their novel properties and efficiency in photocatalysis. Among them titanium dioxide nanoparticles have wide applications in many fields such as in dye sensitized solar cell and photocatalysis. For the removals of dyes TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared as photocatalyst by sol-gel method at pH 2. Photocatalytic activity of prepared nanoparticles was checked by degrading the methylene blue dye under sunlight irradiation. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of prepared nanoparticles there composite was formed with conducting polymer Polyaniline through insitu oxidative polymerization. Polyaniline acts as sensitizer to enhance the efficiency of TiO2.The resulting composite stimulated by absorbing the UV and visible light especially visible light and excellent results was obtained for dye degradation under sunlight as composite showed the complete degradation of methylene blue after 90 minute irradiation. Results showed that prepared TiO2/PANI composite can be used as promising photocatalytic material for effective use of visible light especially sunlight.Item Effect of Cenospheres in Thermal Insulation of Emulsion Paint(UMT.Lahore, 2018) MUHAMMAD RIZWAN RAZAThe major aim of this research was to make thermal insulation emulsion paint and to study its thermal insulating properties along with other properties such as chemical resistance, dispersion and hardness with different sized “cenospheres”. Emulsion (water base) paint was made from regular white titanium dioxide which was produced by sulphate process and beige Titanium dioxide (Hitox) was produced by chloride process containing different concentrations of additive fly ash particles “cenospheres”. Cenospheres are the unburnt the particles of coal, wood and rice husk, having amazing properties and a great potential to be used as industrial product. Properties like heat insulation with cenospheres and without cenospheres in the sample of emulsion paint were studied at the temperature 8-10 oC in different time exposure (35-120 minutes). Chemical resistance was observed to be more in case of different samples having cenospheres and was less for those without cenospheres. Tinting power and reflectance were then studied by ASTM methods. To get the heat insulation effect in emulsion paint, different compositions of cenospheres were used as additives. Results showed that cenospheres which are smaller in size have excellent heat insultion properties. They can be also used as fillers in the paint which may reduce the cost of the end product that is emulsion paint.Item ¬EFFECT OF HOLLOW GLASS SPHERE IN THERMAL INSULATION OF ENAMEL PAINT(UMT.Lahore, 2018) Adnan AmjadEnamel paint was prepared by beige titanium dioxide and white titanium dioxide comprising of different concentration of hollow glass beads. By using different ASTM method properties such as thermal insulation, hiding power and chemical resistance was checked. Titanium dioxide is used as a main pigment. In enamel paint hollow glass beads were added to get heat insulating effect. Chemical resistivity, heat shielding properties and hiding power was increased by using hollow glass beads. 9% concentration of hollow glass beads in the enamel paint has shown best result as compared to other concentration of hollow glass beads. From results, it is observed that the enamel paint has shown its best thermal resistive ability in the metal sheets which illustrates its brilliant utility in the sheds for cattle farms.Item SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL STUDIES OF MONO AZO DYE IN WATER SOLVENT WITH DIFFERENT METALS FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT(UMT.Lahore, 2018) MUHAMMAD RAWALOrtho substituted mono azo dye was synthesized by the process of diazotization. The synthesis was performed by the diazotization of 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde.The interaction of the newly prepared dye was characterized with different metal salts. The functional group detection was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The solubility of azo dye was checked. The optical studies was carried out with different metals which revealed the interaction of prepared ligand with selective for mercuric and zinc salts. The activity of the azo ligand increase in alkaline conditions.Item SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL STUDY OF AZO DYES IN DIFFERENT SOLVENT WITH DIFFERENT METALS(UMT.Lahore, 2018) SABA KIRANThe present research work describe the synthesis of new azo dye with Ortho mono substitution by using P-toluidine and Gallic acid. Generally diazo-coupling reaction is used for the coupling of these two components to form azo dye. Its characterization was done by using different organic solvents. This synthesized dye does not dissolve in water. The molecular structure of azo dye was confirmed by using UV/Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR. UV/Vis spectra shows its maximum absorption wavelength. Solubility was determine using different solvents which have different polarity and pH. Different solvents like acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform and other organic solvents was used. pH measured with different solvents which shows this azo dye was acidic in nature.