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A lean approach to improve efficiency by using VSM in excel engineering (PVT)
(UMT, Lahore, 2016) Ali Arslan, Muhammad Zawar, Sohaib Ariz and Abdul Razzaq
The project that we decided to perform is about value stream mapping, and to perform this project we chose a manufacturing (excel engineering) industry. The excel engineering currently create elevated expectation car and building part which incorporate Casting, Machining, Forging, Fabrication and Heat Treatment offices.. By visiting the industry we analyze that, this is going very difficult for the company to sustain their standard as the demand is increasing. And this also not be possible to meet the time limit criteria of the client. As the solution to save the company from this expected problem and to enhance the performance, the management of the company needs to apply the technique like “value stream mapping”. By the use of this technique they can manage their system properly and it would also be useful to meet their time limit as client expectations. Value stream mapping is lean manufacturing technique used to analyze and improve the stream of data or material required to deliver an item or administration for a client. It includes information flow from top management to work and from the suppliers to customer. For this purpose, six key factors are identified. These key factors are 1) efficiency 2) waiting time 3) lead time 4) work in process 5) defect 6) transportation. The non-value added activities are being identified and eliminated for the purpose of improvement.
A study on Pakistan’s climate change policy and the challenges it will face in future rapid climate change
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Muhammed Abrar
There is growing global consensus that climate change is the greatest upcoming global threat to humankind in modern times and is likely to have serious consequences for socio-economic sectors such as health, food production, energy consumption, security and natural resource management in near future. Pakistan is a developing country that has been severely hit by climate change affects in some last year’s Although Pakistan contributes very little to global greenhouse gas emissions. To face potential impacts of climate change in near future, a strong policy and institutional setup should be developed. Therefore this research aims to study the possible knowledge that policy makers and the government officials should focus on Therefore they can prepare themselves in the near future. Focusing on future vulnerability is the key feature for the achievement of Sustainable development. Government officials and policy makers face many challenges for Effective implementation of strategies to face the possible climate change affects, but the main gap lies in lack of participation of different affective communities at any level of policy-making. Therefore there is a strong need of Education on climate change and affective awareness at the governmental and local levels that will help us for Building the capacity for researchers policy makers and local communities. Therefore according to present and past circumstances effective measures should be needed to address climate change phenomena in Pakistan. It is essential that the government strongly recognize potential future climate risks and protect the environment.
Analysis of warehouse management system
(UMT, Lahore, 2015) Usman Saeed and Muaaz Shahid
Assembly line balancing
(UMT, Lahore, 2015) AHSAN NAZIR and ABDUL WAHAB KHAN
Assembly line efficiency improvement using value stream mapping
(UMT, Lahore, 2014) HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ABBAS AMIN and HAFIZ MUHAMMAD UMAIR BARI
Our report wishes to present a strategy used to create an image about the informational and material flows of products and services. In this report, value stream mapping (VSM) is applied in textile unit i.e Stylers International (Pvt) Ltd. located in Lahore. This factory deals with Denim. Value stream mapping is applied by identifying Key Performance Indicators (KPI). Six KPIs are identified and then all work is carried out in identifying them and in second phase efforts are applied in improving these KPIs. KPIs identified are 1) Transportation 2) Lead Time 3) Waiting Time 4) Work in process 5) Defects 6) Efficiency. After identifying these KPIs, Value Stream Map of current scenario of factory is developed based on data collected regarding these KPIs. By drawing the value stream maps of Basic Jean assembly line non-value added (NVA) operations were determined and then they were eliminated in the improved case. Lean principles are applied in determining loop holes and solutions are presented. Proposed best solutions of all KPIs are reproduced according to the Lean approach. Results are quantified in comparison with current state data. After all KPIs are reproduced and reset then again Value Stream Map is drawn that map is termed as Proposed Future State Map. It is shown that efforts on effective use of resources with prevention of waste in their source increase value added (VA) operations and also efficiency. This study also emphasizes the VSM’s important role in the textile sectors’ assembly line.
Automated instant hot water faucet
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Afzaal and Muhammad Zeshan
Like most faucets, instant hot water faucets are much easier to use as they, too, are a major source of hot water instantaneously on the touch of a button. However, they fail to maintain a constant temperature and use an enormous amount of energy. In an effort to counter these issues, this project focuses on the designed and developed automated control which incorporates the heating element and the point of use water heater to keep the water temperature at a defined stable set point. Real-time control and adjustments to the heating element are achieved with a microcontroller that integrates the temperature and flow sensors. Several field tests were conducted on a proven working prototype to determine energy consumption, temperature variations, and overall stability under different environmental conditions. The energy-efficient automated faucet, as the tests concluded, was much more power-efficient than most contemporary models, as well as managing to keep a stable temperature. Along with added comfort and safety to the user, the automation minimizes water and energy waste which improves the overall faucet sustainability. The study demonstrates that automation and sensor devices added to instant hot water faucets would be a major improvement to the functionality problems that expose homes and small businesses to a lack of user friendly plumbing.
Balancing of product mix assembly line using sub assembly parallel shops via computer sim
(UMT, Lahore, 2016) MUHAMMAD SALMAN, USMAN ALI S and AFDAR NAWAZ
Assembly line balancing is extremely vital in automobile industries, where different models of a same product are produced and assembled on a single assembly line. What should be the product mix, how much quantity of each model is to be made each day and what should be the feed on the assembly line to meet the required daily target output. All these questions are answered in assembly line balancing procedure. Our project "Balancing of mix product assembly line" aims to handle the complication in the assembling of different models of same product and how simulation (Testing in the virtual reality) software will be implemented in order to better understand the process. For our project, we have study the Assembly line of mix product assembly system of Millet Tractors Ltd. and their data has been used for the study of our project. We were required to give suggestion on the basis of our study which can be used by the Millet Trectors to make an effective assembly line balancing system for their use. Our project is divided into 4 major categories that are, 1) Study of the existing system at Millat Tractors 2) Line balancing of mix product assembly 3) Use of simulation software for better understanding of line balancing 4) Comparison of existing and suggested system By introducing technical and simple decision system, we have stay away, as much as possible from complicated mathematics and instead, to give primary quantitative description to the complexity of a particular probabilistic demands problem, the general approach is taken. For this purpose, we studied different techniques of mix product assembly line balancing previously applied in the industrial world by different engineers. The crux of the study was affective in applying assembly line balancing rules, tools and techniques in Millat Tractors Ltd.
CNC desktop machining center (prototype)
(UMT, Lahore, 2015) Haseeb Anwar
This final year project describes the design and development of computer numeric control. For this purpose, I used driver board, Motors and software to control this machines hardware. In this report details of the design criteria of hardware, principle of operation as well as the testing and verification of the systems are presented. While performing this project my main focus was on gaining an improved understanding of machining and the different factors that contribute to part quality. For this purpose, primary machine shop skills had to be acquired that provided me an opportunity to mill and drill a class of components to specified dimensions. Before I started for each component, a detailed drawing was created that was helpful in shaping and constructing all the components.
Coal resources supply, handling and management of power projects in salt range area, Punjab
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Ayesha Umber
The objective of the study and the research work is to understand a conceptual methodology and practical case study for the five major areas of Coal i.e. resource availability, mine ability, transportation, consumption and environmental effects & mitigation options in establishment of coal-fired power projects. The purpose is to convert the indigenous coal resources/potential particularly in the Salt Range, Punjab to the form that can be used for power generation through a scientific and professional slant of coal resource supply handling and management. Having gone through the existing coal resources authentic estimations, on-going traditional mining and the need of a structured sustainable demand/supply market, there appears to be no hitch in establishing a 50 MW coal power plant near Pind Dadan Khan, District Jhelum (taken as a case study). The grey areas are mainly the mechanism of establishing the workable coal supplies through buying agreements and sale to the power producer. The role of a capable and viable entity in the form of a company is introduced which shall play a pivotal coordinated bridge role between the coal miners and power plant investor. A slight focus is also invited on the environmental impacts of coal transportation, consumption and emissions with mitigation proposals.
Cost benefit analysis of automated storage & retrieval system for car parking
(UMT, Lahore, 2015) Zain -ul-Abideen, Muhammad Ehsan Ghani Khan, Muhammad Irfan and Mohsin Rasool
The growing number of cars in Pakistani metropolitans is adding to vehicular emission, congestion and exerts tremendous pressure on limited available parking space. It is impossible to provide more space in the old constructed markets. This affects the people adversely in every area; especially the commercial activities, as people are hesitant to shop at markets where car parking is not possible. It adds to the anxiety, frustration, safety and security problems. So the need of the better parking solution is acute. An automatic parking is space saving and cost effective alternative and at the same time resolves traffic congestion issues, minimize accidents on roads and other stress injuries. Main purpose of the research is to check the feasibility of automated storage and retrieval system for car parking. First step is the realization of problem, as there are a lot of traffic problems arising due to increasing number of vehicles on road. To determine the parking problems, a customer survey is conducted at Liberty Lahore. Result of this survey show that people are not satisfied with existing parking. By consulting various Government organization like Lahore parking company, TEPA and Environment protection Department, Punjab encouraged us that the need of installing such problem solving project is essential. After acquiring cost details from International Manufacturers and calculating all benefits that can be extracted from this project, help us to perform Benefit cost ratio analysis. After that we have reached to an optimal solution. The results of this study are that this project is feasible at Liberty Lahore. Furthermore this project could be made more economical if the Government subsidize this project.
Deformation control by optimizing number of clamps for sheet metals
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Muhammad Abubakar Ramzan, Muhammad Waseem Haider and Hamza Tanveer
When workpiece is located on a fixture, it will be actuated by different forces like Gravity, Cutting and inertia forces during the machining operations. A well constrained workpiece show minimum deformation during machining and it can be constrained by proper positioning of fixture elements. Most of the research in fixture layout optimization is done on rigid bodies and some work has been done on sheet metals to find optimum position of fixture elements. But, the selection of number of clamps entirely depends on the expertise of the designer. Therefore, the research work to select automatically the initial number of clamps and their position is somehow new. In this research, a model will be established to reduce deformation up to 2mm with optimized number of clamps and fixture elements. It involves two different methodologies namely maximum deformation method and means method. In maximum deformation method workpiece is divided into four quadrants and the node with maximum deformation in each quadrant is selected. Clamps are added to the edge near to the maximum deformation nodes in each quadrant and adding clamps on the edge near to the maximum deformation nodes in continued until deformation becomes lower than 2mm. In means method procedure is the same as in maximum deformation method but average deformation is measure in each quadrant instead of maximum deformation. Then a node is selected from each quadrant whose value is closer to the value of average deformation of respective quadrant. Then clamps are placed on the edge near to average deformation values nodes till the value of maximum deformation becomes less than 2mm. The case study is solved with the proposed method and the results of the case study justify the proposed method.
Descriptive analysis of the existing KAI-ZEN system in textile companies
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) AYESHA SHAHID, USMAN UL HAQ and TAYYABA KALEEM
Kai-zen is a word from Japan which means “continuous improvement “or “Changing for better”. It is used for improving operations and employee behavior on continuous basis that will help industry to grow faster. As in Pakistan, Industries are trying to apply kai-zen which needs awareness among employees and workers. The purpose of this paper is to study the current status of kai-zen implementation, challenges, and sustainability towards implementation of kai-zen. In addition to this, the study focused on identifying the factors affecting, analyzing the achievements, challenges and opportunities of kai-zen implementation. The selected sample was voluntary sampling method; primary data was collected from survey questionnaire; interviews were conducted from higher hierarchy and self – observation technique. Secondary data was collected from different published and unpublished documents. The respondent from different department of the factories have been involved for the questionnaires whereas interview was made with kai-zen steering committees and observation is done by the help of kai-zen promotion officers and the researcher has made deep industrial visit. So, in order to sustain kai-zen implementation, carrying out continuous process practice is necessary for management personals and workers. Therefore, the sustainability of kai-zen implementation needs continuous follow up process which includes strategical planning, performance measurement, and knowledge and change management.
Design & development of automated clutch system for motorcycle
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Talha Niaz and Muhammad Rafay Minhas
Recently, Pakistan has become the 5th largest motorcycle market in the world after China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam. In a motorcycle, Clutch is a vital component. It is used to engage and disengage power transmission from engine to transmission. It is usually made up of a pile of rotating friction plates and steel plates. Motorcycle clutch is operated by a hand lever on the left handlebar. Pulling the lever back towards the rider unties the clutch plates through cable or hydraulic actuation that allows the rider to shift gears or coast. Riding a motorbike in congested traffic or for long hours requires repetitive use of clutch lever that can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the left hand and arm. This condition is called Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and it occurs when one of the major nerves of the hand (the median nerve) is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist. To reduce the probability of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, we have designed an electromechanical system that utilizes different sensors like load cells, tachometer, brake switches to detect the driving conditions and operate the clutch automatically with the help of the processor and servo motor. It is designed in a way that it can be easily installed on mostly available motorcycles in Pakistan.
Design and analyze a solar-wind hybrid power generation system
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Arslan Ali Khan
Electricity is basic to the monetary development and social improvement of any nation. Indigenous electricity assets should be created to the ideal level to limit reliance on imported energizes. This prompted to a lift in innovative work and additionally interest in renewable power generation industry looking for approaches to take care of electricity demand and to lessen reliance on fossil powers [19] [20] [25]. This theory concentrates on an incorporated cross breed renewable power producing framework comprising of wind and sun powered electricity. Pakistan, has been honored with renewable electricity sources. As indicated, the desire of advancing in power generation through renewable asserts, the Government of Pakistan has tasked the AEDB (Alternate energy development board) to ensure 5% of total national power generation capacity to be generated through renewable energy technologies by the year 2030[1]. This theory gives knowledge into the vitality situation and current circumstance of renewable vitality improvement in Pakistan. As indicated by wind and sun oriented potential maps of Pakistan which was created by NREL in 2003, many parts of the nation can possibly create financial power generation frameworks. Through these maps’ areas were recognized where both wind and sun-oriented potential is high. A point by point study was completed in these areas with continuous field information. The point of convergence of this proposition is to propose and assess a sun-wind oriented half and half power generating framework for selected area. Matrix tied frameworks make utilization of sun powered PV or twist turbines to create power and supply the heap by interfacing with lattice. In this review, HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) PC demonstrating programming was utilized to display the power framework, its physical conduct and its life cycle cost. The cross breed power generating framework was intended for Jhimpir in sindh Pakistan. Through the reenactment procedure, establishment of 8 quantities of 840kW wind turbines and1MW sunlight based PV modules were recognized as most practical to supply normal of 3MWload associated with lattice where the straightforward payback time of the framework was 3.4years.
Design and development of a Peltier-based atmospheric water generator for humid climates
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Abdul Daiyem Imran and Sakhi Abbas
Access to clean and safe drinking water is a growing global concern, especially in regions facing water scarcity and unreliable infrastructure. This project presents the design and development of a Peltier-based atmospheric water generator (AWG) capable of extracting potable water directly from humid air using thermoelectric cooling. The proposed system leverages the temperature differential generated by a thermoelectric (Peltier) module to cool a surface below the dew point, causing water vapor in the air to condense into liquid form. A test model was built with TEC1-12706 Peltier modules, heatsinks, fans, and aluminum fins. These parts were placed inside an insulated box to help with condensation. We tested it in a controlled setting. This helped us measure how much water it produced and how much power it used at different humidity levels. The system was found applicable in producing clean water at elevated humidity ratios (greater than 65% RH), which proposes it as a low-cost and transportable water harvesting system that can be used in water-scarce and off-grid locations. This work presents the potential use of thermoelectric water harvesting as a green alternative to traditional water supply technologies, particularly in disaster relief operations and developing countries
Design and development of air water generator
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Ashir Naveed, Adeel Ghafor and Gulsher
Water scarcity is a global threat and it is getting serious day by day. Traditional sources of water such as rivers, lakes and ground water are depleting at a faster rate than they are renewed. According to UN in 2025, the demand for fresh water will exceed by 40%. [1] It’s the time to explore alternative sources that contribute in fight against water scarcity. This project focuses on addressing this issue with the help of generating fresh drinking water from the water vapor present in the air. The atmosphere is a free source of water available to us, so, it is vitally useful to design such a system that can extract and collect water from the atmosphere. The technology that we have used works on vapor compression cycle (VCC) principle. It generates water from atmospheric air with the help of condensation process under the given environmental conditions. This project will be very helpful in all those areas where ground water is not accessible. The aim of this project is to design and develop an air water generator using VCC, which is capable of delivering 300cc per hour of water at relative humidity of 45% from ambient. Secondly, solar energy source is used to meet the energy demands of the system and making it a cost effective and environment friendly technology. In the end, a filtration system is integrated with the AWG, to make water clean and drinkable
Design and development of electric flatbread oven
(UMT, Lahore, 2024) Yarmagan Munir, Ahmad Naveed and Bilal Aziz
This project focuses on redesigning the flatbread oven to simplify the flatbread-making process while enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. Our primary objective was to develop prototype that require no specialized skills to operate and that reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint compared to traditional flatbread ovens. We employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, including surveys, interviews, and experimental testing. The prototype was tested under controlled conditions to evaluate their performance, energy consumption, and user satisfaction. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics to assess quantitative data, and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings revealed that the redesigned flatbread ovens significantly improved the quality of flatbread, reduced energy usage, and enhanced user satisfaction. However, we acknowledged internal limitations such as potential measurement errors and the relatively small sample size, as well as external limitations like variations in environmental conditions during testing. Third, user adoption studies should be conducted to evaluate the acceptance and usability of the hybrid oven among diverse user groups. Lastly, a market analysis is recommended to assess the commercial potential and identify strategies for successful market technologies and offers practical recommendations for further advancements in flatbread oven design, ultimately contributing to more energy-efficient and user-friendly cooking solutions. The United Nations Sustainability SDG3, SDG7, SDG11,SDG12, SDG13, are perfectly matched with our project.
Design and development of wheelchair cum bed
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Taimoor Hassan and Zain Rehman
As the focus on patients and the demand for an efficient healthcare care system is also increasing. The project Wheel chair cum Bed not only provides mobility to the user but also provide ease to the caregiver. It helps caregiver avoid lifting the patient in order to shift him/her from bed to wheel chair and vice versa such practice may cause injury to the caregiver. Any mis-handling during shifting the patient from bed to wheel chair or wheel chair to bed may cause harm. Postural fixity is one the issues patients face as it causes bed sore which results in increasing the pain. Presenting a better design after Understanding the issues will be an asset for the disable and caregivers. The current design of standard wheel chairs and reclining wheelchairs are not providing the required level of comfort. This project shall enhance our knowledge in the ergonomics, computer aided design. From the identified need, the main objective of the project is to develop an ergonomic wheel chair which can be converted to bed using the electrical control which would provide ease and a sense of independence to disable and at the same time will reduce the work load of caregiver
Designing and assembling of PLC based laboratory trainer for automated production system (APS)
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Aanish Raza and Amir Iqbal
The sole objective of our proposed project is to design and assemble PLC-based laboratory trainer for automated production system. We design a laboratory trainer which replicates the basic processes of deep freezer foaming injection. A working prototype has been developed to demonstrate how an automated production line for applying PU insulation in “Deep Freezers” work. Applying PU insulation is performed under the employment of PU filling equipment and this operation is extensively used in many industries that produce refrigerators. Under the scope of this project, the process from start to end is controlled by using an electrical controller device called PLC. PLC is considered as the central command unit of the entire system. Dc gear motor has been carefully chosen for well performance for the conveyor system. Infrared and Bluetooth sensor are best utilized to detect the relative position of the jigs. Temperature control and water level sensors and load cells are used. Under the current project scope, we have used limited quantity of sensors to keep the overall cost under budget. Programming of the plc is done in ladder logic. Plc is combined with the Arduino to reduce cost of the PLC. PLC is used to send and receive signals to Arduinos which perform different operations at different sections.
Determinants of project success
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Usman Shahzad
The reasons behind the dissertation were complexity of construction industry, changing demands of clients, constant changing technology, and time, budget & resources constraints. This research has focused on internal factors affecting on project success and developed a model of project success for construction industry. These critical factors have been focused in the dissertation and their relationship with project success has been examined. A field survey has been conducted with the help of questionnaire filled through online from senior professionals performing on senior posts of construction industry of Punjab. Lean six sigma has positive and moderate relation with project success. It means when implementation of six sigma increases, chances of project success increase and vice versa. When under planning projects are exposed to Six Sigma, the chances of project success improve better than under execution projects. For organizations which have successfully implemented six sigma, skills and expertise ranked highest in importance. In contrast, for organizations which have successfully implemented lean manufacturing, employee involvement and culture change ranked highest. It is accepted that implementation of lean six sigma has positive and significant impact on project success with respect to construction industry. PM’s competency is very important factor affecting planning, scheduling & communication. As the construction has a dynamic environment. It is accepted that competency of project manager has positive and significant impact on project success with respect to construction industry.

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