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A study on Pakistan’s climate change policy and the challenges it will face in future rapid climate change
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Muhammed Abrar
There is growing global consensus that climate change is the greatest upcoming global threat to humankind in modern times and is likely to have serious consequences for socio-economic sectors such as health, food production, energy consumption, security and natural resource management in near future. Pakistan is a developing country that has been severely hit by climate change affects in some last year’s Although Pakistan contributes very little to global greenhouse gas emissions. To face potential impacts of climate change in near future, a strong policy and institutional setup should be developed. Therefore this research aims to study the possible knowledge that policy makers and the government officials should focus on Therefore they can prepare themselves in the near future. Focusing on future vulnerability is the key feature for the achievement of Sustainable development. Government officials and policy makers face many challenges for Effective implementation of strategies to face the possible climate change affects, but the main gap lies in lack of participation of different affective communities at any level of policy-making. Therefore there is a strong need of Education on climate change and affective awareness at the governmental and local levels that will help us for Building the capacity for researchers policy makers and local communities. Therefore according to present and past circumstances effective measures should be needed to address climate change phenomena in Pakistan. It is essential that the government strongly recognize potential future climate risks and protect the environment.
Automated instant hot water faucet
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Afzaal and Muhammad Zeshan
Like most faucets, instant hot water faucets are much easier to use as they, too, are a major source of hot water instantaneously on the touch of a button. However, they fail to maintain a constant temperature and use an enormous amount of energy. In an effort to counter these issues, this project focuses on the designed and developed automated control which incorporates the heating element and the point of use water heater to keep the water temperature at a defined stable set point. Real-time control and adjustments to the heating element are achieved with a microcontroller that integrates the temperature and flow sensors. Several field tests were conducted on a proven working prototype to determine energy consumption, temperature variations, and overall stability under different environmental conditions. The energy-efficient automated faucet, as the tests concluded, was much more power-efficient than most contemporary models, as well as managing to keep a stable temperature. Along with added comfort and safety to the user, the automation minimizes water and energy waste which improves the overall faucet sustainability. The study demonstrates that automation and sensor devices added to instant hot water faucets would be a major improvement to the functionality problems that expose homes and small businesses to a lack of user friendly plumbing.
Coal resources supply, handling and management of power projects in salt range area, Punjab
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Ayesha Umber
The objective of the study and the research work is to understand a conceptual methodology and practical case study for the five major areas of Coal i.e. resource availability, mine ability, transportation, consumption and environmental effects & mitigation options in establishment of coal-fired power projects. The purpose is to convert the indigenous coal resources/potential particularly in the Salt Range, Punjab to the form that can be used for power generation through a scientific and professional slant of coal resource supply handling and management. Having gone through the existing coal resources authentic estimations, on-going traditional mining and the need of a structured sustainable demand/supply market, there appears to be no hitch in establishing a 50 MW coal power plant near Pind Dadan Khan, District Jhelum (taken as a case study). The grey areas are mainly the mechanism of establishing the workable coal supplies through buying agreements and sale to the power producer. The role of a capable and viable entity in the form of a company is introduced which shall play a pivotal coordinated bridge role between the coal miners and power plant investor. A slight focus is also invited on the environmental impacts of coal transportation, consumption and emissions with mitigation proposals.
Deformation control by optimizing number of clamps for sheet metals
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Muhammad Abubakar Ramzan, Muhammad Waseem Haider and Hamza Tanveer
When workpiece is located on a fixture, it will be actuated by different forces like Gravity, Cutting and inertia forces during the machining operations. A well constrained workpiece show minimum deformation during machining and it can be constrained by proper positioning of fixture elements. Most of the research in fixture layout optimization is done on rigid bodies and some work has been done on sheet metals to find optimum position of fixture elements. But, the selection of number of clamps entirely depends on the expertise of the designer. Therefore, the research work to select automatically the initial number of clamps and their position is somehow new. In this research, a model will be established to reduce deformation up to 2mm with optimized number of clamps and fixture elements. It involves two different methodologies namely maximum deformation method and means method. In maximum deformation method workpiece is divided into four quadrants and the node with maximum deformation in each quadrant is selected. Clamps are added to the edge near to the maximum deformation nodes in each quadrant and adding clamps on the edge near to the maximum deformation nodes in continued until deformation becomes lower than 2mm. In means method procedure is the same as in maximum deformation method but average deformation is measure in each quadrant instead of maximum deformation. Then a node is selected from each quadrant whose value is closer to the value of average deformation of respective quadrant. Then clamps are placed on the edge near to average deformation values nodes till the value of maximum deformation becomes less than 2mm. The case study is solved with the proposed method and the results of the case study justify the proposed method.
Descriptive analysis of the existing KAI-ZEN system in textile companies
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) AYESHA SHAHID, USMAN UL HAQ and TAYYABA KALEEM
Kai-zen is a word from Japan which means “continuous improvement “or “Changing for better”. It is used for improving operations and employee behavior on continuous basis that will help industry to grow faster. As in Pakistan, Industries are trying to apply kai-zen which needs awareness among employees and workers. The purpose of this paper is to study the current status of kai-zen implementation, challenges, and sustainability towards implementation of kai-zen. In addition to this, the study focused on identifying the factors affecting, analyzing the achievements, challenges and opportunities of kai-zen implementation. The selected sample was voluntary sampling method; primary data was collected from survey questionnaire; interviews were conducted from higher hierarchy and self – observation technique. Secondary data was collected from different published and unpublished documents. The respondent from different department of the factories have been involved for the questionnaires whereas interview was made with kai-zen steering committees and observation is done by the help of kai-zen promotion officers and the researcher has made deep industrial visit. So, in order to sustain kai-zen implementation, carrying out continuous process practice is necessary for management personals and workers. Therefore, the sustainability of kai-zen implementation needs continuous follow up process which includes strategical planning, performance measurement, and knowledge and change management.
Design & development of automated clutch system for motorcycle
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Talha Niaz and Muhammad Rafay Minhas
Recently, Pakistan has become the 5th largest motorcycle market in the world after China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam. In a motorcycle, Clutch is a vital component. It is used to engage and disengage power transmission from engine to transmission. It is usually made up of a pile of rotating friction plates and steel plates. Motorcycle clutch is operated by a hand lever on the left handlebar. Pulling the lever back towards the rider unties the clutch plates through cable or hydraulic actuation that allows the rider to shift gears or coast. Riding a motorbike in congested traffic or for long hours requires repetitive use of clutch lever that can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the left hand and arm. This condition is called Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and it occurs when one of the major nerves of the hand (the median nerve) is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist. To reduce the probability of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, we have designed an electromechanical system that utilizes different sensors like load cells, tachometer, brake switches to detect the driving conditions and operate the clutch automatically with the help of the processor and servo motor. It is designed in a way that it can be easily installed on mostly available motorcycles in Pakistan.
Design and analyze a solar-wind hybrid power generation system
(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Arslan Ali Khan
Electricity is basic to the monetary development and social improvement of any nation. Indigenous electricity assets should be created to the ideal level to limit reliance on imported energizes. This prompted to a lift in innovative work and additionally interest in renewable power generation industry looking for approaches to take care of electricity demand and to lessen reliance on fossil powers [19] [20] [25]. This theory concentrates on an incorporated cross breed renewable power producing framework comprising of wind and sun powered electricity. Pakistan, has been honored with renewable electricity sources. As indicated, the desire of advancing in power generation through renewable asserts, the Government of Pakistan has tasked the AEDB (Alternate energy development board) to ensure 5% of total national power generation capacity to be generated through renewable energy technologies by the year 2030[1]. This theory gives knowledge into the vitality situation and current circumstance of renewable vitality improvement in Pakistan. As indicated by wind and sun oriented potential maps of Pakistan which was created by NREL in 2003, many parts of the nation can possibly create financial power generation frameworks. Through these maps’ areas were recognized where both wind and sun-oriented potential is high. A point by point study was completed in these areas with continuous field information. The point of convergence of this proposition is to propose and assess a sun-wind oriented half and half power generating framework for selected area. Matrix tied frameworks make utilization of sun powered PV or twist turbines to create power and supply the heap by interfacing with lattice. In this review, HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) PC demonstrating programming was utilized to display the power framework, its physical conduct and its life cycle cost. The cross breed power generating framework was intended for Jhimpir in sindh Pakistan. Through the reenactment procedure, establishment of 8 quantities of 840kW wind turbines and1MW sunlight based PV modules were recognized as most practical to supply normal of 3MWload associated with lattice where the straightforward payback time of the framework was 3.4years.
Design and development of a Peltier-based atmospheric water generator for humid climates
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Abdul Daiyem Imran and Sakhi Abbas
Access to clean and safe drinking water is a growing global concern, especially in regions facing water scarcity and unreliable infrastructure. This project presents the design and development of a Peltier-based atmospheric water generator (AWG) capable of extracting potable water directly from humid air using thermoelectric cooling. The proposed system leverages the temperature differential generated by a thermoelectric (Peltier) module to cool a surface below the dew point, causing water vapor in the air to condense into liquid form. A test model was built with TEC1-12706 Peltier modules, heatsinks, fans, and aluminum fins. These parts were placed inside an insulated box to help with condensation. We tested it in a controlled setting. This helped us measure how much water it produced and how much power it used at different humidity levels. The system was found applicable in producing clean water at elevated humidity ratios (greater than 65% RH), which proposes it as a low-cost and transportable water harvesting system that can be used in water-scarce and off-grid locations. This work presents the potential use of thermoelectric water harvesting as a green alternative to traditional water supply technologies, particularly in disaster relief operations and developing countries
Design and development of air water generator
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Ashir Naveed, Adeel Ghafor and Gulsher
Water scarcity is a global threat and it is getting serious day by day. Traditional sources of water such as rivers, lakes and ground water are depleting at a faster rate than they are renewed. According to UN in 2025, the demand for fresh water will exceed by 40%. [1] It’s the time to explore alternative sources that contribute in fight against water scarcity. This project focuses on addressing this issue with the help of generating fresh drinking water from the water vapor present in the air. The atmosphere is a free source of water available to us, so, it is vitally useful to design such a system that can extract and collect water from the atmosphere. The technology that we have used works on vapor compression cycle (VCC) principle. It generates water from atmospheric air with the help of condensation process under the given environmental conditions. This project will be very helpful in all those areas where ground water is not accessible. The aim of this project is to design and develop an air water generator using VCC, which is capable of delivering 300cc per hour of water at relative humidity of 45% from ambient. Secondly, solar energy source is used to meet the energy demands of the system and making it a cost effective and environment friendly technology. In the end, a filtration system is integrated with the AWG, to make water clean and drinkable
Design and development of electric flatbread oven
(UMT, Lahore, 2024) Yarmagan Munir, Ahmad Naveed and Bilal Aziz
This project focuses on redesigning the flatbread oven to simplify the flatbread-making process while enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. Our primary objective was to develop prototype that require no specialized skills to operate and that reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint compared to traditional flatbread ovens. We employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, including surveys, interviews, and experimental testing. The prototype was tested under controlled conditions to evaluate their performance, energy consumption, and user satisfaction. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics to assess quantitative data, and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings revealed that the redesigned flatbread ovens significantly improved the quality of flatbread, reduced energy usage, and enhanced user satisfaction. However, we acknowledged internal limitations such as potential measurement errors and the relatively small sample size, as well as external limitations like variations in environmental conditions during testing. Third, user adoption studies should be conducted to evaluate the acceptance and usability of the hybrid oven among diverse user groups. Lastly, a market analysis is recommended to assess the commercial potential and identify strategies for successful market technologies and offers practical recommendations for further advancements in flatbread oven design, ultimately contributing to more energy-efficient and user-friendly cooking solutions. The United Nations Sustainability SDG3, SDG7, SDG11,SDG12, SDG13, are perfectly matched with our project.
Design and development of wheelchair cum bed
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Taimoor Hassan and Zain Rehman
As the focus on patients and the demand for an efficient healthcare care system is also increasing. The project Wheel chair cum Bed not only provides mobility to the user but also provide ease to the caregiver. It helps caregiver avoid lifting the patient in order to shift him/her from bed to wheel chair and vice versa such practice may cause injury to the caregiver. Any mis-handling during shifting the patient from bed to wheel chair or wheel chair to bed may cause harm. Postural fixity is one the issues patients face as it causes bed sore which results in increasing the pain. Presenting a better design after Understanding the issues will be an asset for the disable and caregivers. The current design of standard wheel chairs and reclining wheelchairs are not providing the required level of comfort. This project shall enhance our knowledge in the ergonomics, computer aided design. From the identified need, the main objective of the project is to develop an ergonomic wheel chair which can be converted to bed using the electrical control which would provide ease and a sense of independence to disable and at the same time will reduce the work load of caregiver
Designing and assembling of PLC based laboratory trainer for automated production system (APS)
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Aanish Raza and Amir Iqbal
The sole objective of our proposed project is to design and assemble PLC-based laboratory trainer for automated production system. We design a laboratory trainer which replicates the basic processes of deep freezer foaming injection. A working prototype has been developed to demonstrate how an automated production line for applying PU insulation in “Deep Freezers” work. Applying PU insulation is performed under the employment of PU filling equipment and this operation is extensively used in many industries that produce refrigerators. Under the scope of this project, the process from start to end is controlled by using an electrical controller device called PLC. PLC is considered as the central command unit of the entire system. Dc gear motor has been carefully chosen for well performance for the conveyor system. Infrared and Bluetooth sensor are best utilized to detect the relative position of the jigs. Temperature control and water level sensors and load cells are used. Under the current project scope, we have used limited quantity of sensors to keep the overall cost under budget. Programming of the plc is done in ladder logic. Plc is combined with the Arduino to reduce cost of the PLC. PLC is used to send and receive signals to Arduinos which perform different operations at different sections.
Determinants of project success
(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Usman Shahzad
The reasons behind the dissertation were complexity of construction industry, changing demands of clients, constant changing technology, and time, budget & resources constraints. This research has focused on internal factors affecting on project success and developed a model of project success for construction industry. These critical factors have been focused in the dissertation and their relationship with project success has been examined. A field survey has been conducted with the help of questionnaire filled through online from senior professionals performing on senior posts of construction industry of Punjab. Lean six sigma has positive and moderate relation with project success. It means when implementation of six sigma increases, chances of project success increase and vice versa. When under planning projects are exposed to Six Sigma, the chances of project success improve better than under execution projects. For organizations which have successfully implemented six sigma, skills and expertise ranked highest in importance. In contrast, for organizations which have successfully implemented lean manufacturing, employee involvement and culture change ranked highest. It is accepted that implementation of lean six sigma has positive and significant impact on project success with respect to construction industry. PM’s competency is very important factor affecting planning, scheduling & communication. As the construction has a dynamic environment. It is accepted that competency of project manager has positive and significant impact on project success with respect to construction industry.
Development of an ergonomic wudhu workstation using design for six sigma (DFSS) approach
(UMT, Lahore, 2018) Muhammad Yahya Baqir, Muhammad Qasim Rehman and Fahad Mobeen Baig
Every Muslim has to perform wudhu before salaat as wudhu is one of the obligatory conditions for offering salaat. For performing wudhu, the traditional workstations in mostly mosques are not designed by keeping the perspective of ergonomics which may be the cause of CTD (cumulative trauma disorders) or CTI (cumulative trauma injuries). On the other hand these workstations allowed the person performing wudhu to consume more water than necessary which means these workstations are also not designed with the perspective of water conservation. For finding the solution of problems discussed, most of the work which done on wudhu workstations and the methods which were followed was studied. Then a survey conducted and voice of the customers was gathered to make sure what people want for performing wudhu. The questionnaire results were analyzed on the SPSS software. Kano analysis done on the results and Kano analysis and QFD (Quality function deployment) integrated to expose the design which the customers actually needed. That design then made on Solid works and analyzed. Experimental studies performed by keeping the view of bio-mechanics and deviation of joints from normal angle in current and proposed design of wudhu workstations were observed. AutoCAD software was used for development of work envelope which helped us in comparing the difference of angles of deviation between traditional and ergonomic wudhu workstation. Project record was tracked through the project management MS project.
Development of ergonomic chairless chair
(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Aizad Bilal and Syed Umer Shah
This report illustrates the use of an exoskeleton on the workers in an assembly line. It was noted that due to the frequent sit and stand motion of the workers, multiple disorders such as MSDs (Musculoskeletal disorder) were caused in the workers. This caused frequent injuries among the workers and a loss of productivity as well. To counter this, an ergonomic exoskeleton was designed. This would be attached to the lower region of the worker. The main goal of this product is to provide the worker with an alternative to a chair. This exoskeleton would be attached to the thighs of the worker via belts. The weight of the exoskeleton would be carried by the shoulders, as it would be attached through belts like a backpack all the way to the waist. Another main goal is to ensure the safety of the worker and to make it as stable as possible. The product would be lightweight and made of sturdy material. The legs would fold into a chair automatically when the worker would proceed to sit. Similarly, it would retract with the legs without any assistance when the worker stands. Risk of failure to be minimized through ergonomic analysis, fmea analysis and cause and effect diagrams.
Development of wi-fi based customers data localization module for shopping facilities
(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Hamza Ahmad and Syed Hasan Atiq
THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BASED ON A WIRELESS MODULE, CAPABLE OF MAPPING TRIPS OF SHOPPERS TO FACILITATE RETAILERS. THE UTILIZED TECHNOLOGY THAT IS DISCUSSEDIN THIS PAPER CAN PROVIDE EXTENSIVE ABILITY OF MAPPING CONSUMERBEHAVIOR IN A SHOPPING COMPLEX. THIS ABILITY WILL BE BENEFICIAL FORMARKETING STRATEGIES AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR. THIS WAS ACHIEVEDBY UTILIZING A SIMPLE MICRO - CONTROLLER FOR IDENTIFYING ANDLOCATING THE POSITION OF THE SHOPPER FROM START TO END. THE DATAFROM IT THEN CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO COMPUTER SCREEN FORVISUALIZATION AND INTERPRETATION PURPOSES. IN HOPE OF ADDINGINTELLIGENCE TO SYSTEM, BRANDS OR SUPERMARKETS CAN UTILIZE THISDATA TO IDENTIFY STORE’S MOST AND LESS DENSE AISLES AND TIMECONSUMED BY SHOPPERS IN SPECIFIC ZONES. SINCE THE PROCESS WOULD BEWIRELESS DATA COMMUNICATION, IT CAN BE USE IN IOT DEVICES AS WELLBY FETCHING THE DATA OF CONSUMER'S BEHAVIOR AND THENCOMMUNICATE WITH PHYSICAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS IN ORDER TOAUTOMATE THE MARKETING STRATEGIES MECHANICALLY ANDAUTONOMOUSLY IN ORDER TO FACILITATE CONSUMER AS WELL ASRETAILER
Energy audit and economic analysis of mechanical production unit
(UMT, Lahore, 2017) Saqib Ahsan
In this project, we have conducted an Energy Audit & Economic Analysis of Mechanical Production Unit that consents us to study the energy being utilized in Hussain Tech Pvt. Limited (Al-Ghani Industrial Estate Lahore). We have premeditated every single device and appliance being used there and the frequencies of utilization of devices that consume electricity and incur a cost. By using a variety of techniques, including Surveys, Data Collection and Monitoring Appliances we analyze the usage of energy and find the optimal energy requirement throughout the organization. That finally leads us to effectively suggest some Ideas and Solution for cost reduction after brainstorming and research session. The basic purpose of this project is to develop a potential of cost savings of energy as cost incurred in administration, production and other activities included in the process. The importance and need for this project are clear as it results in saving energy which eventually results in higher profits in future and good repute of the company.
Ergonomic driver/ passenger seat design
(UMT, Lahore, 2018) IBRAR ALI, MUHAMMAD QUDDOOS DANISH and UMAIR YUSUFI
The objective of this project is to achieve better ergonomic and improvement in design particularly for the driver seat of Suzuki Mehran. The seat design which lacks modesty and comfort imposes a lot of stress and fatigue to the occupants. Comfort is defined as the interaction between a human and environment which is characterized as a feeling of pleasure and not pain. If the seat of the driver is not comfortable then the chances of diseases like musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) increases and hence could even lead to an accident. The purpose is to develop a seat design that will provide maximum comfort and satisfaction to the occupants. The design is made considering the geometric parameters such as seat back angle, seat height and the angles of natural curve of the spine (of the existing seats).
Fabrication of continuous mode biomass gasifier reactor for thermal application
(UMT, Lahore, 2017) ALEEZA FATIMA, MUHAMMAD AZEEM ASHRAF and OMER MUNIR
As we were doing our final year project, our main objective is to convert agricultural-waste into a useful resource. We selected a preliminary design of continuous mode. We designed that model of gasifier on Solid Works designing software. Then we fabricate a Continuous mode Biomass Gasifier Reactor with improved thermal performance and low cost, by using local material and technology. It provide clean Fuel for thermal applications and economical energy solution for industrial and domestic purposes. The gas produced in gasifier could be used to generate electricity and also for continuous supply of gas for commercial purposes. Due to load shedding of natural gas industries have to suffer a big loss. We have used rice husk as biomass and made a special reactor fabricated from local machines and local materials in order to decrease the cost of gasifier. We have achieved high thermal efficiency from our reactor using gasification process which requires limited amount of air that has been provided by a DC fan. During experimentation phase we were facing difficulty in the process of gasification so we figure out the cause which is directly associated with the supply of air so we fabricate a tunnel for supply of sufficient air. By-product is a bio-char which can be used as a fertilizer because of enrichment of essential minerals like potassium and nitrogen and also be used for water filtration process.
Factors hindering effective implementation of energy policies in Pakistan
(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hamza Babar
Despite the fact that Pakistan has had Energy Policies for nearly three decades, the country is yet to see a fruitful future. From political instability to international influence, Pakistan’s economic progress has been halted way too many times. The government’s inability to monitor progress or least implement energy policy to its full potential has placed Pakistan under the present energy crisis. This study focuses upon the underlying reasons that has held back the country from achieving it’s set energy goals. From energy consumption to preferable way forward, this research aims to find solutions to Pakistan’s energy deficit. A detailed look into the irregularities in energy project and how renewable energy can mitigate if not solve all of the country’s energy problems.

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