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    NGN SOLUTION FOR COST i'' EFFECTIVNESS in PSTN NETWORK
    (UMT, Lahore, 2025) MUHAMMAD AFZAL and ABDUL QAYYUM
    As the monopoly of PTCL expired in telecom sector of Pakistan by December 2002, a new era started in telecom region and number of national and multinational companies came and invested huge money in this field. This revolution in telecom sector brought not only the technology transfer in Pakistan but also it provided an environment of healthy competition. In this new revolutionized world, drastic changes occurred in respect of tariff and traffic measures of Telco's in Pakistan. These changes ultimately resulted in increase of congestion on PTCL network. In the existing network of PTCL, the actual reason of congestion is Circuit Switching and TDM technology. In circuit switching, an end to end connection is established between two subscribers as long as rail remains established. Capacity is reserved on all trunk lines and switches along the way from party A to party B.
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    Optimization of Economic Load Dispatch
    (UMT, Lahore, 2015) Muhammad Fahad Khan Khosa
    Electricity demand is increasing daily, due to the rapid growth of electrical and electronics products in market. The main objective has now shifted to improve the performance, lower the cost of solution and to make reliable power system. To meet the increasing demand of electrical load, new conventional and nonconventional generation's systems are needed to install. Due to the rapid changes in modem world, energy shortage is a big issue. Due to depleting conventional sources with time, energy experts are interested in renewable energy sources. In order to ensure the stability of power system, demand and generation must be balanced. Hence, the economical load dispatch technique is applied to define the optimal solution for generation units, power output, and to minimize the operating fuel costs of these units.
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    PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES
    (UMT, Lahore, 2007) Ghulam Qadir
    Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are the networks that use passive devices in distribution networks and therefore provide a low budget and cost effective solution for the access networks. The main component of PON are Optical Line Terminal (OLT) , Optical Network Unit (ONU) and Optical Distribution Network (ODN). PONs can be deployed in different topologies such as Ring , Bus and Star depending upon the requirements. PONs provide both point-to-point (P2P) and point-to-multipoint (P2MP) architectures. The first standard of PON proposed by Full Service Access Networks, a group of 20 companies, was Asynchronous Transmission Mode Passive Optical Network (ATM-PON) that later on renamed as Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON). Three other types of PONs are Ethernet-PON, Gigabit Ethernet- PON and Wavelength Division Multiplex - PON. The purpose of this document is to generate a brief overview of PON technologies, their comparison with existing technologies and make assertion on the future scope of these technologies.
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    QoS in IEEE 802.16 Networks
    (UMT, Lahore, 2006) Sharjeel Aftab
    IEEE 802.16 Wireless standard specifies a fixed point to multipoint broadband wireless access. IEEE 802.16 MAC provides extensive bandwidth allocation and (QoS) mechanisms for various types of applications. However, details of packet scheduling mechanisms for both downlink and uplink direction are left unspecified in the standard. The goal is to provide delay and bandwidth guarantees for various kinds of applications and to maintain fairness among various flows while still achieving high bandwidth utilization. This Thesis focuses on current version of QoS architecture of IEEE 802.16 and the results have been justified with the help of simulation to support requirements of all kinds of service flows specified in IEEE 802.16 standard.
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    Routing and QoS Approaches for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
    (UMT, Lahore, 2006) Farhan Yousaf
    The popularity of wireless networks has significantly increased during the past few years. This increase in the popularity of wireless communication is due to the advancements in technology and growing availability of mobile devices like PDAs, laptops and cell phones. These days infra-structureless wireless networks have become an active field of communication and networking research due to their huge demand in the commercial market. The infra-structureless wireless networks are called Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). An ad hoc network is a network of autonomous nodes that are self-organizing and self-configuring multi-hop networks that establish communication without any infrastructure support. Mobile ad hoc networks are also characterized by their special features such as dynamic topology, limited transmission range, absence of infrastructure, no centralized administration and a potential lack of security.
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    STUDY AND SIMULATION OF IS-95 CDMA SYSTEM USING MATLAB
    (UMT, Lahore, 2004) Abdul Qayyum, Rukhsar Ahmed and Junaid Iftikhar
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    Vehicle Tracking System
    (UMT, Lahore, 2005) Arsalan Khalid Alvi, Muhammad Kashif and Syed Ishraq Ali