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Item A Paracolonial Comparative Exegesis of Post 911 Pakistani and Indian Anglophone Diaspora Fiction(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Ayesha PerveenThis thesis compares post 9/11 Pakistani and Indian diaspora Anglophone fiction by excavating the fictional response to ever-changing international political scenario and its impact on both the countries after 9/11. Pakistan and India, who are neighbours with a troubled history, have been evolving as nation-states in different directions since independence, which also paved way for different literary trajectories for their literature written in English. Whereas early post-partition writings are replete with the fictional representation of the 1947 partition and assertion of unique national identities confronting British legacy; post 9/11 fiction explores issues like the impact of war on terror on identity and ethnicity, individuality and hybridity, religion and culture, challenges faced by the contemporary diaspora, and the problematization of a sense of belonging in a transnational globalized world. This thesis aims to compare the identity formation of the characters as presented in Indian and Pakistani post 9/11 diaspora Anglophone fiction by employing James Marcia’s theory of identity development. The impact of post 9/11 terror on Indian and Pakistani diaspora in a globalized and transnational world is discussed by highlighting their evolution from directionless ambivalent subjectivities to decisive individuals.Item Colonial Encounters Revisited(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hafiz Muhammad Zahid IqbalThis is a study of colonial encounters as articulated in the novels Bengal Nights: A Novel and It Does Not Die: A Romance written by Mircea Eliade and Maitreyi Devi respectively. By revisiting these texts through Nirmala Menon’s critical insights on Bhabha’s hybridity discourse and Elisabeth Jackson’s conceptual parameters of Indian feminism, the aim is to reinterpret the novels as emancipatory praxis that both the writers long for in their (post)colonial narratives. Besides, this rereading of the novels is garnered from Bhabha and Spivak’s respective postcolonial theories, to contribute to the existing scholarship on postcolonial studies.Item Crossing the Borders Transgressive Boundaries in the World of V. S. Naipaul(UMT, Lahore, 2020) Humaira KalsoomThis study analyses the trope of border/border crossing and transgression in the fictional and non-fictional works of V.S. Naipaul aptly highlighting the challenges faced by postcolonial nations also inhibitive to their progress. Foremost among them is how to negotiate with Western values and increasing phenomenon of globalization, while retaining whatever is supposedly pristine in their cultures. It is incumbent to explore how Naipaul has been engaged with such a negotiation that may lead to hybrid/third space and mestiza consciousness along with a textual analysis of his writing for retrieving an element of dialogic construction, as proposed by Bakhtin. Naipaul’s fictional and non-fictional works named A House of Mr. Biswas; The Mimic Men; An Area of Darkness; India: A Wounded Civilization; India: A Million Mutinies Now; Among the Believers and Beyond Belief are the culminations of the dilemmas faced by an immigrant soul that is nearest to crossing the borders and creating new boundaries for the self through a unique form of transgression. The purpose of invoking both fictional and non-fictional works is to look into Naipaul’s life inside Trinidad and outside of the Caribbean. Cogently, attached is an analysis of hybridity/mestiza consciousness phenomena in a comprehensive way as the significance of this sort has increased over timeItem Deconstruction of American Dream in Edward Albee’s The American Dream(UMT, Lahore, 2021) Faiza ZaheerThis dissertation is an attempt to apply Jacques Derrida’s Theory of Deconstruction to the American Dream and its linguistic treatment by Edward Albee in his play The American Dream (1961). Different deconstructive terms such as Différance, Erasure and Aporia have been applied to understand and analyze the language of Albee’s The American Dream. While applying these terms to the philosophical tropes of the American Dream, the selected play has been discursively analyzed within the context of both old American Dream, as envisaged by its founding fathers, and the new American Dream as defined by James Truslow Adams (1931). These deconstructive terms will help the readers to understand the themes and discourse of modern and postmodern American drama in general and those of Albee’s in particular. This in turn makes the reader realize that American dream as depicted and projected in Albee’s play is based on materialism, illogicality, futility and absurdity.Item Development of Androgynous Identities(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Bushra SiddiquiThis dissertation contends that androgynous identities are presented and developed by both British and Pakistani English fiction following the feminist perspective. Androgyny includes the characteristics associated with the manifestation of dual genders traits that are based on stereotypical images of gender and become a symbol of recognition of the assigned gender roles in a patriarchal society. The selected British text, Orlando, deals with the topic boldly by depicting androgyny in not only internal and psychological dimension but also encompasses the external and physiological aspect. In the socio-cultural oppositional binary, the selected Pakistani texts follow the Eastern patriarchal traditions and androgynous characters illustrate the duality of characteristics through the evolution of female characters.Item INTERTEXTUALITY AND DISCOURSE REPRESENTATION IN POPULAR PAKISTANI NATIONAL SONGS(UMT, Lahore, 2025-04-09) Amna MukhtarThe current research investigates the evolution of language in Pakistani national songs with the changes in social and geopolitical circumstances since the establishment of Pakistan. The study utilizes Fairclough’s (1992) conception of ‘intertextuality’ and Wodak’s (2009) Discourse Historical Approach to analyze the data segments. The dataset comprises 428 national songs’ lyrics.Item The Diachronic Evolution of Female Corporeality in Postmodern Pakistani Fiction(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Shamsa MalikThis study explores the crisis of female corporeality and how the self sublimates the resultant pain into psychological empowerment. The research attempts to excavate different channels through which the Pakistani woman attains gradual freedom from the patriarchal standards of the Pakistani society. She undergoes a trajectory of physical sufferings and psychological traumas which she sublimates and transforms into an empowering energy. By focusing on the study of body the research utilizes the broader framework of postcolonial feminist literary criticism to trace the diachronic evolution of these women and concludes that Pakistani women are gradually moving towards emancipation. The female characters in the three primary sources of this research The Pakistani Bride (1990) by Bapsi Sidhwa, Maps for Lost Lovers (2004) by Nadeem Aslam, and Karachi You’re Killing Me! (2014) by Saba Imtiaz appear to be the oppressed and marginalized entities that could not master their choices or muster up courage to fight for the fulfillment of their desires.Item THE LINGUISTIC REPERTOIRE OF URDU/ENGLISH BILINGUALS IN CYBER-LANGUAGE(UMT, Lahore, 2014) MUHAMMAD SHABANToday, cyber-communication with its various manifestations is proliferating ubiquitously in the lives of most people. Linguistic variations and changes which used to happen over centuries or decades appear to be now taking place in a matter of years. There is likelihood that social dynamics of language that we have been debating over the years may require renewed attention in the digital discourse. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Urdu/English bilinguals use their linguistic repertoire in cyber-communication, and in what ways they are adapting linguistic ecology of English that seems to be encouraging language variation. Much like researchers dealing with any kind of data, researchers who deal with digital data are often confronted with a variety of non-trivial questions. Most of them relate to the size and representativeness of data samples; data processing techniques; limitations of genres; kind and amount of the necessary contextual information; and ethical issues, such as anonymity and privacy protection. Keeping such questions in mind, the procedures of data collection, ethical considerations of collecting and handling data, data analysis and the theoretical underpinnings were set up to address the underlying research questionsItem Tracing Issues of Identity, Gender, and Politics in Contemporary Pakistani Literary Journalism(UMT, Lahore, 2024) FaiqaThe current research aims to explore the contribution of contemporary Pakistani writers in the field of Literary Journalism. During the last two decades, Pakistani writers and their oeuvre based on fiction writings became popular due to themes associated with the post 9/11 scenario. Simultaneously, there have been plenty of works written by Pakistani writers in Creative Nonfiction (CNF), including travelogues, articles, memoirs, essays etc. which could not become the focus of debate in the literary circles due to the unacknowledged status of the genre. CNF works are of paramount importance because they offer an immediate critique of significant current events, situations, or beliefs, but unfortunately, they are neither acknowledged nor archived. Considering this lack of attention, the research addresses the need to acknowledge literary journalism (LJ), which is a subgenre of CNF, as a popular genre in Pakistani literature by evaluating the nonfiction writings of Mohsin Hamid, Mohammad Hanif, and Bina Shah. This research is an effort to discover the ‘position’ of writers as social thinkers in developing narratives of national, gender, and political identity.