2018
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Item Design and fabrication of low cost composite filament winding machine(UMT Lahore, 2018) S.MUTEEN-UD-DIN; MUHAMMAD AMMAR JAVED; SALMAN SAEED KHANThe authors are going to design and fabricate low cost composites filament winding machine. Filament winding is a process of laying high degree of fibers for the manufacturing of hollow or majorly cylindrical products with high tensile strength. Filament winding process having the high strength and weight ratio and gives high degree of control over consistency and fiber orientation. The product which produced by this process can be having no need of further matching and labor factor is also less than other molding processes. The filament composite pipes are manufactured with the help of high power fiber and resin by using 2 axes filament winding machine. The purpose of designed and fabrication of filament winding machine for the fabrication of pipes and those specimens which having the round shape. The concept of lathe machine and wet winding method used to design this machine. In filament winding process a single-glass travelling is drawn through a bath of resin which is fixed on the threaded rod by the rotating mandrel. By this process regular winding and good finish is achieved.Item Automation of a brush tufting machine using multi axis control system(UMT Lahore, 2018) HAMZA ARIF; UMER MUNIR; MUHAMMAD AZEEMPersonal computer and motion card controllers are programmed to design a multi axis control system and present the method to control the interface and procedures. In this stepper motors are used with feedback function to achieve closed loop control and to improve accuracy of the system. This system not only has distinctive interface and simple operation but also has high accuracy and superior performance compared to manual methods.Item Optimization of number and position of the clamps in sheet metals fixture(UMT Lahore, 2018) ARSALAN FAZILThe accuracy of manufacturing process is highly dependent on how well a workpiece is constrained in the fixture. A well constrained workpiece show minimum deformation during manufacturing process or application of load and workpiece will have high stiffness. Workpiece can be constrained by proper positioning of fixture elements. Most of research in fixture layout optimization is done on rigid bodies and some work has been done on sheet metals to find the optimum position of the fixture elements. But, the selection of number of clamps entirely depends on the expertise and knowledge of designer. Therefore, the research work to select automatically the initial numbers of clamps and their positions is fairly new. In this research; a methodology is devised to select the number of clamps automatically and then finding the optimum position of clamps even if the designer lacks in expertise to do so. The objective function of this research is to minimize total deformation normal to the plane of workpiece while keeping maximum deformation of individual nodes upto 2 mm. The proposed method consists of two stages; in first stage, the initial number of clamps is calculated. In second stage, initial number of clamps and their positions are optimized using genetic algorithm. The first stage involves two different methodologies namely maximum deformation method and means method. The edges of the workpiece are design edges because clamps are placed on the edges only. In maximum deformation method workpiece is divided into four quadrants and the node with maximum deformation in each quadrant is selected. Clamps are added at the edge near to the maximum deformation nodes in each quadrant and adding clamps on the edge near to maximum deformation nodes is continued until deformation becomes lower than 2 mm. In means method, procedure is the same as in maximum deformation method, but average deformation is measured in each quadrant instead of maximum deformation. Then a node is selected from each quadrant whose value is closer to the value of average deformation of respective quadrant. Then clamps are placed on the edge near to the average deformation values nodes till the value of maximum deformation becomes less than 2 mm. In second stage only one method is devised. In second stage, genetic algorithm is implemented on layouts. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize number and position of clamps therefore first genetic algorithm is used to optimize the number of clamps then it is used to optimize the position of clamps. Number and position of clamps are not optimized simultaneously because the computational load is significant. When the number of clamps are optimized only population is generated and processes like crossover and mutation are not implemented because of significant number of clamps. More clamps produce lengthy chromosomes which are cumbersome to handle and when crossover Is performed the resulting computations takes significant time to complete when number of candidates in population are also significant. Once the clamps are reduced to minimal numbers then second population is generated and crossover, mutation are implemented to diversify population for optimizing the position of remaining clamps. Different kinds of case studies are solved with the proposed methods in different scenarios to check the effectiveness of the proposed method. An experiment is also performed in which the proposed method is implemented on case study 1. This was done to compare the computational results with experimental results and verify the effectiveness of the methodology. The final results of the experiment fully justify the proposed method.Item Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technology(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Azam Ali; Mirza Sadullah Baig; Danish RiazThe composite materials are widely using in place of conventional materials due to its particular properties. There are a number of methods to manufacture composite material products but Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technology has many advantages over RTM. It is a cost effective molding method especially using for long sheets. Our aim is to make an understanding and feasibility of this technology. Our aim is to manufacture a composite material sheet by using VARTM technology. And after that to make an understanding of VARTM for complex geometry. This is not an easy task because finishing of sheet is not easy to achieve without upper part of mold. Flow of resin effects the finishing of the part. If flow is inappropriate then voids can be produce. Flow timing is an important factor when it will slow or fast it results a defective part. Incomplete impregnation of resin will cause dry spots in the manufactured part. Distribution media places on the top of the fiber to accelerate the resin flow. So, porosity, permeability and thickness of distribution media and fiber or reinforcement are also important factors. Another challenge is to design VARTM process. Inlets for resin impregnation is an important factor that how many inlets should be for proper impregnation and where these inlets should be introduced to the mold. Leakage of vacuum bag is another challenge so proper sealing of system is required. Vacuum timing is also notable factor. Pressure and temperature of resin to introduce into the mold is also part of design challenges which we will achieve. Finishing of the final part including less voids, better surface finishing, precise and dimensions is the main aim of our project which we will achieve.Item Fabrication and thermal analysis of solar still using phase change material(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Muhammad Shahid.; Nouman Ahmad Mughal.; Adnan Mushtaq.Distillation is one of the effective techniques used to purify the water. Solar still is a device which distills water using solar energy. In this study an attempt is made to investigate the effect of phase change materials on the productivity and performance of single slope solar still. A single slope wooden solar still, having base area 0.2679 m² and inclination angle of glass 30°, is used. Paraffin wax and Sodium sulphate Decca hydrate, encapsulated in circular aluminum tubes, were used as phase change materials (PCM). Experimentations were carried out by using both types of PCM and without using Phase Change material. A comprehensive comparison is made to examine the effect of phase change material on productivity and efficiency of solar still. The productivity values observed for the cases of without PCM, with paraffin wax and with sodium sulphate were 1.92 L/m² per day, 2.27 L/m² per day and 1.99 L/m² per day respectively. Results shows that the productivity of solar still is maximum for the case of paraffin wax under similar conditions. Also the maximum efficiency of solar still is observed when paraffin wax is used as energy storage medium.Item Fabrication and implementation of dual axis solar tracker in UMT(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Muhammad Abdullah Sheikh; Muhammad Hussnain; Hafiz Waleed AkramSun based energy is quick turning into an essential methods for sustainable power source asset. With sun tracking, it turns into possible to generate greater energy since the solar panel can maintain a perpendicular profile to the rays of the sun. This project discusses the design and construction of a prototype used for solar tracking that has a dual axis of freedom. The highlighted innovation of this project is that it works on dual axis of rotation but all the previous work done in Pakistan was on fixed axis. The initial cost of putting in place the tracking gadget is considerably excessive, there are less expensive choices that have been proposed after some time. The use of a highly portable, efficient solar tracker can be very useful to applications of the military, industrial, or residential variety. The tracker effectively tracks the sun and changes its position likewise to amplify the power yield. The design of a tracking system consists of sensors, microcontroller operated control circuits to drive Direct Current (DC) motors and gear- bearing arrangements with supports and mountings. Two equipped DC motors are utilized to move the sunlight based board or also named as solar panel so sun's bar can stay lined up with the solar panel.Item Performance of flywheel energy storage on wind power generation(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Shahryar Majeed Siddiqui; Mahmood Akram; Mudassir RazzaqThere are several energy storage systems (e.g. compressed air battery, battery and supercapacitors etc.) which are widely used according to the desired requirements. This report deals with the Performance of Flywheel Energy Storage on Wind Power Generation. Flywheel energy storage system which cannot be considered as an energy source but this system has the ability to store energy, and this energy can further be utilized as backup. The apparatus consists of flywheel, vertical axis wind turbine and its electrical system which uses air energy as an input to the wind turbine and also rotates the flywheel, and flywheel stores this energy in the form of kinetic energy. In this report we are mainly going to focus the effect of flywheel on the wind power generation, 3D modeling of our prototype of Performance of Flywheel Energy Storage on Wind Power Generation and analyzing this system through simulation.Item Design & fabrication of pick & place robotic arm(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Muhammad Dawood; Muhammad Saud; Syed Zaid IbrahimThe aim of our project was to design and fabricate a Robotic Arm for picking and placing objects from one place to another in other words for “Pick and Place Application” which can help people in their daily use and industrial applications. Basically, the design of Robotic arm was inspired from the human arm. We used the combined knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical and computer science. Four servo motors were used in this robotic arm. Each motor served the purpose for the movements of the elbow, shoulder and gripper joints. Each servo motor took the voltage of +5V and 600mA current. Thirteen ball bearings were used for the movement of links in upward, downward, forward and backward motion and for the motion of robotic arm’s base in 180° rotation. An android mobile app “Multiple servo control” was used for the real-time programming and controlling of all the servo motors of this Robotic arm. The app was connected wirelessly through an “HC-05 Bluetooth module”. An Arduino Nano ATmega328 microcontroller was connected to the circuit which was used to program all four servo motors in the android mobile app. Four Buck converters were used for each servos whose main purpose was to convert main AC supply voltage of +12V to DC supply voltage of +12V which then helped in stepping down that +12V DC voltage to +5V DC voltage for each servo. Now-a-days, robots can cause joblessness by substituting human workers but robots also create jobs for engineers, programmers, supervisors or as a robot technician. In the age of industrial revolution the uses of this kind of technology is increasing gradually.Item Efficiency enhancement of solar panel with automatic water cooling system(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Hafiz Usama Maood; Fahad Arif; Umar QayyumSolar energy is abundantly available clean energy which be sufficient to overcome the future energy crisis. Solar panels usage is one of the clean and easy strategy to harvest the available solar energy. The temperature of solar panel increases when they are exposed to sunlight which causes a significant decrease in its efficiency and life. In the present study an attempt is made to overcome this problem by applying cooling mechanisms. An experimental setup consisting of a solar panel integrated with water cooling system is used here. Two different shapes of ducts are considered to examine their effect on solar panel efficiency. Water is circulated in circular coil and a rectangular duct which were attached at the back of solar panel. Temperature with output power variations for the three cases, i.e. without cooling system, with rectangular duct and with circular coil, were noted for period of time. A significant increase in efficiency of solar panel is observed when cooling system is integrated with it. The average efficiency values of solar panel without cooling system with coil system and with rectangular duct system were observed as 0.8 %, 9.6 % and 17.3 % respectively. A comparison between the studied cases revealed that the efficiency of solar panel was higher when rectangular duct was used for water circulation. Moreover, application of cooling system will reduce the thermal stresses in the panel which will ultimately increase its life.Item Design and fabriction of sub-sonic open type wind tunnel(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Qazi Fahad Tarik; Sanwal Bin Tahir; Usman Ali JajjaThe aerodynamic, which is the branch of the fluid dynamics, plays a very important role in our daily life. Any device that is related to aerodynamics or fluid dynamics it has to be very efficient so that it can be economical and have good efficiency. The wind tunnels are using to study the behavior of air on the machine or device related to the aerodynamics. The object with different shape like sphere, disc or any arbitrary are placed inside the tunnel with different orientation in order to study the flow patterns on it. The study of these patterns help in the reduction of the force exerting on the body in opposite direction. The aim of our project is to make an efficient design of the wind tunnel in low speed and to analyze the forces acting on the body that is placed in the test section of the wind tunnel. This tunnel will be fabricated and designed under the available data of different research papers. The objects of different shapes are placed in the section with the different placement to study the flow patterns. The gauges are used to calculate the effect of airflow on the different objects. The smoke will visualize the flow patterns to make an easy research and efficient work for the researcher or an analysis. Here, the different variables like drag force, angle of attack, lift, air velocity, surface roughness and temperature are analysis and will be varied to study behavior of the air on the object.Item Designing, analysis & fabrication for prototype of highway wind turbine(UMT Lahore, 2018-06) Ali Rehman; Ammar Aftab; Fahad Bin Qamar; Muazam IqbalWorldwide dependence on “GREEN ENERGY” can comprehensively be impacted by Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) as they possess huge prospective to contribute towards ever growing demand of green energy. For sustainable contribution of VAWTs, these turbines should be made utilizable outside their conventional farmland environments. This project features goal to utilize the power of urban environment to produce energy using VAWTs effectively and efficiently. The main purpose of this project is to design a wind turbine to utilize wind energy from atmosphere and vehicles on the highway. The turbine will be placed along medians of highways and sides of highways and effective circumstances will be considered in this report. The turbine will be designed under modern engineering standards and is given modern and effectively smart design. They also can be installed on parks, roads, public facilities or other amenities. The proposed Helix wind turbine for highways are designed to produce power up to 100 watts depending upon conditions. The power generated through turbine can be used to provide electricity to streetlights along the highways and for miscellaneous use.Item Spherical solar power generator(UMT Lahore, 2018-12) Syed Ali Raza; M. Talha Rashid; Aleem Ali BhattiThe most ample energy source present on earth is solar energy. So if this energy utilized properly can prove to be very fruitful. Photovoltaic panels are used in order to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and these photovoltaic panels are the combination of smaller photovoltaic cells. The sunlight falling on these photovoltaic panels allow the electrons to excite and they knockout the free electrons from the atom generating flow of electricity. Our project aims to utilize this solar energy fully and to get maximum power output from the solar rays. This project includes the design of a dual axis solar tracking system on which the solar panel is mounted; the solar tracker helps to get out the maximum power output from the solar panel independent of the time. The solar tracker tracks the position of sun and always allow the solar panel to face the sun. In addition to the solar panel a spherical or circular ball made of acrylic glass is used, this sphere helps to concentrate these solar rays onto the panel so that maximum surface area of the solar panel is dealing with sunlight. The main function of this sphere made of glass is to focus the solar rays on to the panel in this way we can easily increase the efficiency of the solar panels or we can get more energy from a smaller solar panels. The technology we will be using in the project is called concentrated photovoltaic technology or (CPT).