2010

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https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/12155

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    An analysis of L1 Interference Errors and its implementation in ESL Pedagogy at Secondary Level
    (UMT Lahore, 2010) ZAHOOR AHMED
    The primary purpose of this study was to enhance the realization and importance of Error Analysis, especially Interference Errors in the vast field of Applied Linguistics. The study was aimed at showing the significance of Error Analysis in English language teaching scenario in Pakistan. For this purpose, the vast area of Error Analysis was narrowed down and focused only on L1 Interference Errors in ESL pedagogy at Secondary level. Therefore, after brief introduction and back ground of Error Analysis the study was focused mainly on Interference Errors i.e. L1 interference errors. This research was designed in a case study format. For this purpose, the researcher was involved in practical teaching situation at Secondary level. Classroom tests, homework and assignments were monitored by the researcher to collect the requisite data of students’ errors due to L1 interference. Where classroom assignments and home work done by the students provided enough data to be processed and analyzed. The researcher also observed the teaching methodologies of English language teachers, while sitting in different classrooms, where English language teaching – learning process was in progress regularly. Actually, the scope of the study was limited only to the students of Aligarh Public School and College (Residential) Manga, Lahore. Yet the study can be helpful to the teachers of English language anywhere else in Pakistan. Therefore, the research findings and conclusion / suggestions can be generalized for ESL pedagogy at secondary level after generalizing the study in other parts of our homeland.
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    The use of speech acts and their communicative functions in memoranda of an academic organisation
    (UMT Lahore, 2010) SAHAR ASLAM
    The present research highlights the importance and significance of memoranda by analyzing its communicative function. It aims at finding the frequency of various kinds of speech acts in memoranda selected from three different sources. This research applies Driven and Verspoor (2004) Cognitive typology of speech acts that is quite contemporary and comprehensive. This research investigates the differences in use of speech acts in relation to the category of memos as well as the types of communication i.e. bottom up, top down and horizontal. The researcher selected 43 memos from business communication books and 132 memos for COMSATS institute Management Science Department. The researcher classified memos of various types and analysed the communicative function of memos through speech acts classification and examined the effect of the role of status. The research is significant as it applies speech act theory for the analysis of text used in academic organization. It would contribute the analysis of text in Pakistani context. Qualitative analysis of the data depicts the significance of memoranda in an academic organization. By analyzing the communicative functions of memoranda, it substantiates the importance of memoranda to pass information, to direct, to offer, to invite, to give warning, and to give recommendations.
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    Pragmatic Perception of Politeness in Requests across Academic Cultures of English L1s and Punjabi esls
    (UMT Lahore, 2010) KHALID AHMED
    The present research study is anchored in the fields of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) & cross cultural studies of speech acts to investigate comparatively the pragmatic perception of politeness in ‘Request patterns’ across cultures of Native English Speakers (EL1s) and Native Punjabi speakers learning English as second language (P-ESLs) in academic settings. The stimulus for this research study is to improve cross cultural communication between English and Punjabi Native speakers by having awareness of differences in the cultural conventions in making requests. To find out the differences and similarities in the request patterns and their respective cultures the researcher has developed Discourse Completion Test (DCT) and Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) as instruments for his work. The data obtained from instruments is analyzed by using the coding scheme of Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) by (Shushana Blum-Kalka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper, 1989: 275). It is evident from the results & findings of this study that in spite of the fact that there is great difference in the execution of request statements from the people of both cultural groups (EL1s & P-ESLs) yet they are identical in their pragmatic perception or sensitivity of politeness in the speech act of request. Moreover the stereotypes of less polite or unfriendly attitude of Punjabi ESLs in cross-cultural communication more especially in the speech act of request is originated by the socio-cultural conventions of English society, lack of pragmatic competence of English language of Punjabi ESLs and excellence of Linguistic competence of Native English Language speakers.