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The views of the parents for the educational placement of children with mental retardation in regular schools
(UMT.Lahore, 2011) RAZIA SULTANA
Inclusive education is an emerging trend at international level. In regular schools children with mental retardation gets opportunity of rich experiences with their none disable peers, experience as an active agent of society.This study was conducted to know “The views of parents about the educational placement of their children with mental retardation in regular schools”. In Pakistan there is little number of children with mental retardation in regular schools. The study intended to know whether parents do not want to send their children in regular schools or there is any other reason behind. For the purpose of this study researcher developed a questionnaire on the basis of literature review, and was pilot tested on 30 parents. Then was field tested on 150 parents with 36 questions.20questions were asked about special education and 16 questions about inclusive education. Following variables were included in questionnaire, education, age, and gender of the parents. Coding of the variables age, education and gender was done. Analysis of the study shows that the majority of the parents were found in favor of the educational placement of their children with mental retardation in regular schools, keeping in view the better learning of the socialization, grooming and academic skills.
An investigation of the relationship between governance, decision making and school effectiveness
(UMT.Lahore, 2011) Sajida Mukhtar
The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between governance, decision-making and particular indicators of school effectiveness, connected with parental involvement, professional development of teachers, planning, budgeting, facilities, resources and student outcomes. A total of thirty high schools, in the city area of Lahore, representing different governance procedures, were taken as sample, utilizing quantitative and qualitative approaches including questionnaire, semi-structured interview and document review, focussng on the principals, teachers, parents and the students.The results indicated similar approaches and constraints on governance/decision-making across the thirty schools. No apparent relationship between type of governance and school effectiveness was established. Variety of governance structures could not seem to have any major impact on different school effectiveness indicators.Ccooperative governance seems to have a successful effect, which may continue for the flourishment of educatin sector and the betterment of the education department. A clear finding, however, is that a principal is the core of a school management, not only for his structural and hierarchical role but for the way he/she administers the school governance keeping a close eye on each and every aspect of his responsibilities so that his/her institution could come up with the best results both academic and cocurricular, congenial and harmonious environment and a high profile repute among the masses of atleast the vicinity.The principals’ roles were thus, critical in the governance of their educational institutions, perceiving and enacting diligently in the decision-making, taking care of the functions of other stakeholders, at the same time.The findings of this study, as of other studies, were inconclusive on relationships between other structural governance factors and school effectiveness indicators, and suggest that the Principal's impact on such indicators, as student outcomes, may be significant but indirect. The study findings do, however, support other findings on the importance of the Principal's role - the perception of those and the roles of others related to it, their personal and professional capabilities, and the extent to which they lead and involve others collaboratively in school governance and decision-making.
A study of classroom behavior management techniques for the children with autism
(UMT.Lahore, 2011) MEHWISH AHSEN
Classroom management strategies designed to improve the problem behavior directly affects the student achievement. The topic of the research was “A study of the classroom behavior management techniques for the children with autism” The purpose of the study was to find the behavior problems of the children with autism exhibited in the classroom and to find the most appropriate therapy for the children with autism in classroom. The objectives of the research were to know the behavior problems exhibited by the children with autism, to find the most appropriate classroom behavior management technique/therapy used for the children with autism and to know how behavior management techniques enhance the learning of the student with autism The present research was descriptive. The researcher developed two questionnaires with the help of thesis committee .Questionnaire 1 was related to the behavioral problems exhibited in the classroom. Where as Questionnaire 2 consisted on the therapies/techniques used in the classroom .Data were collected through convenient and snow ball sampling techniques from 100 teachers of the children with autism. Then data were analyzed statistically and conclusions were drawn. The results showed that most of the students with autism have social problems such as no peer interaction, poor eye contact as well as they show aggression in normal situation. Most of them have stereotype behaviors such as hand movements and body rocking during classroom activities. The Over Correction Technique reduces the self injurious behavior and throwing objects in the classroom and Structured Daily Routine helped the students to learn the classroom discipline. Modeling technique and physical therapy increase the positive behavior and reduced the hyperactivity in autistic children. Ignore technique decreases the undesirable behavior. Classroom management training reduced body rocking and repetitive behavior. Further music therapy increased on seat behavior. Self management technique can reduce fear of new environment. This research revealed the significant difference between the teacher experiences and applied behavior analysis.
Development of standard operating procedure (sop) for psychologists working in special schools
(UMT.Lahore, 2012) AMNA ARIF
Psychologists working in special schools collaborate with special education teacher for the rehabilitation of persons with special needs. The topic of the research was “Development of standard operating procedures for psychologists working in special schools”. The purpose of the study was to develop a manual prescribing specifically all the responsibilities and possible roles of psychologists in special schools. The objectives of the research were to highlight the need for clear standards for psychologists working in special schools, investigate the existing roles and responsibilities of psychologists, highlight the perception of special education teachers as well as administrators about the roles and responsibilities of psychologists, in order to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for psychologists working in special schools in consultation with administrators, special education teachers and psychologists. In this descriptive research researcher developed a scale on the basis of related literature. The scale consisted on 30 items covering seven areas. These areas include assessment and interpretation; direct intervention for students; consultation and training; program development; school psychology program; professional practice and development; and communication and relationship skills. The data were collected through purposive sampling from 70 psychologists and 100 special education teachers from different districts of Punjab Province. The data was analyzed statistically and conclusions were drawn. Frequencies of responses were computed and the items bearing up to or above 75% percent agreement were selected for SOP. Item no. 1.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.4, 3.7, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 are not selected and their agreement percentages are respectively, 72%, 43%, 65%, 62%, 60%, 67%, 59%, 46%, 66%, 70%. All the areas in the scale were selected except one which is professional practice and development. The inter-rater reliability of psychologists and special education teachers was 0.73. The result showed that respondents have almost same perception about the roles and responsibilities of psychologists regardless of their gender, age, income. There is a significant difference in the opinions of psychologists and special education teachers about the roles and responsibilities of psychologists working in special schools. On the basis of the results, a standard operating procedure (SOP) was developed and validated by the 6 experts from the relevant fields. An open-ended question at the end of the scale was analyzed qualitatively and suggestions by the respondents were incorporated in the SOP in order to further improvement.
Effectiveness of practical work in understanding concepts of chemistry at secondary level
(UMT.Lahore, 2012) Ijaz Bashir Ahmad
The study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of practical work as compared to the lecture method in learning of chemistry concepts at secondary level. The practical work was performed in guided discovery laboratory style. The population was grade 9 students of public sector Boys Secondary School in the district of Okara. All forty two students enrolled in ninth grade chemistry were taken as sample and were randomly divided into two equal groups. Treatment was also randomly assigned to one of these groups by designating it as experimental group. True experimental, pretest-posttest control group design was used for this study. For data collection research specific four responses multiple choice chemistry concept test was developed. The treatment was instruction through guided discovery method. The data was analyzed by running t test through Statistical Package in Social Sciences version 16. The results of data analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in understanding and retention of Chemistry concepts between the students taught through guided discovery method and students taught through lecture method.However, it is concluded that guided discovery method of instruction is no less effective as compared to lecture method in learning and retention of concepts. Different students have different learning styles; it is therefore recommended that variety of teaching methods may be used for science teaching. Guided discovery laboratory method may also be used as effectively as lecture method for teaching of chemistry concepts.
Entrepreneurship education
(UMT.Lahore, 2012) Iqbal Muhammad Khan
The purpose of this research is to look into the importance of entrepreneurship education in the light of the compelling evidence surrounding us that it produces an enterprising environment or “The Entrepreneurial Society” and economic development. Entrepreneurship Education is so significant that it is compared to the role of venture capital and business incubators in enhancing economic growth. Recent education policies in Europe have Entrepreneurship Education as the central them of the policy. The main objective of this research is to see how Pakistan is implementing entrepreneurship education in comparison to other countries to understand the phenomena. This research will also examine some notable works by Kuratko (Coleman White Papers and Kaufman Foundation Papers), and Fayolle papers on the European context. Therefore, qualitative research method was adopted working with phenomenological, grounded theory, basic interpretive study and from the lens of ethnography. (Prodi, 2002) Interviews were conducted from the most knowledgeable sources of entrepreneurship to go as deep as possible to establish the issues and trends in Pakistan. Since academically not much entrepreneurship education research work has been done in Pakistan hence visits to other entrepreneurship rich tradition countries were undertaken to gather from observation and by participating in doctoral seminars and interviewing renowned academics and researchers. Hopefully the research would create a paradigm shift towards a new paradigm of teaching and learning entrepreneurship through education theories and not through management science and economics. The conclusion has been that in Pakistan Entrepreneurship Education is a very recent phenomenon. As a new subject it will take time and consorted efforts to take root in Pakistan. Developing nations have to work on their pedagogies, on their curriculum, their text and develop case studies on their entrepreneurs. They must work on building their faculty for teaching entrepreneurship. An important conclusion has been that entrepreneurship education must be given the central place in the education policy because the younger generation of 21st century is becoming the “most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution”. Another recommendation has been that there should be planned and group efforts to introduce PhD programs in Entrepreneurship Education in at least top 10 universities in Pakistan and that entrepreneurship education research must be popularized and promoted.
Teaching social and domestic skills to the students with mental retardation
(UMT.Lahore, 2012) Nadia fazal
An educational program for Mentally Retarded children was implemented and evaluated. This study was planned to teach social and domestic skills to the children with Mental Retardation.Through this program social and domestic skills of Mentally Retarded children were enhanced by involving them in activities on social and domestic skills. Checklist was used to collect the data.Goal attainment scale was used to measure goal achieved by every individual. Seventeenmentally retarded children were selected from the total population of children attending the Special Education Centre, at District Rahim YarKhan Punjab (Pakistan). Pre-post-test comparisons were made to measure the number of goals achieved by the children after receiving the intervention.Results indicated that the children's goal attainment changed positively and significantly from the pre-test to the post-test.
A study of gaps between real and expected performance of teachers as perceinved by school heads
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Anjam munir
Education is one of the areas of human activity and organization in any society. Education facilitates the members of a social group or society to acquire learning or socialize themselves as per norms and requirement. Education thus helps to gather knowledge, to keep on civilizing and advancing it more and more to add significantly to the development of the social order. Teacher plays a central role in the society and acts as the builder of the nation. Majority agree to the fact that highly qualified and effective teachers effect students performance however it is clear that highly qualified doesn’t mean highly effective at the same time. A teacher demonstrates under performance when he is unable to control the class, has poor planning, insufficient subject knowledge, uses poor teaching methods, has poor relationship with students and colleagues, lack of commitment and resistance to accept change. It is both the responsibility of the school and the individual to take part in performance assessment. The responsibility of the Head Teacher is to execute the affairs of school in the maximum benefit of students and the community by attaining objectives of education policy set by higher education authority. Teachers play their unique role in the classrooms to enable students to achieve maximum results and the head teachers are responsible to monitor and measure the achievement of the teachers in terms of expected and real performance. It becomes essential in view the call for quality concern and managing for the satisfaction of stakeholders to know the aspired expectation of head teachers about the colleagues, hence this study has been designed to identify the criteria of expected performance of teachers as perceived and demanded by the head.
Role of leadership in managing change in schools at secondary level
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Deeba Khalid
This research study was designed to explore the role of leadership in managing change in schools at secondary level. The mixed research approach was used to complete this study. For the purpose of data collection sixteen government secondary schools, were selected by using probability (systematic) sampling technique and from these schools two hundred teachers and eight secondary school principals were selected by using non probability (convenient) sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data from teachers and interviews of eight principals were also taken. Data were analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Aself-made questionnaire was developed by the researcher in close ended Likert scale form. A second type of instrument was used as an interview. The validity of the instruments was ensured by the expert opinion along with pilot testing and reliability was ensured through Cronbach Alpha. Reliability of the questionnaire was (.82).Findings indicated that if principals have good personal skills and qualities for managing change than change could easily be infused in the system. The study recommended that before introducing any change proper training like refresher courses and workshops should be provided to teachers for successful change implementation. Principals should be motivated and they have skills to handle the challenging situation in the school. A principal should be a role model for the whole school staff. At the end useful suggestions and recommendations were presented for upcoming research studies.
Attitudes of school heads towards inclusion of students with disabilities in schools
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Nayyar Bashir
Inclusive education is indispensable for achieving Education for All. This study highlights the attitudes of public school head towards inclusive education in Punjab. The attitude of school heads plays a vital role for an effective inclusive education process as well as for overall educational progress of students. The present study is descriptive in its nature. All the heads of the schools of both sexes in public schools of Punjab province are the populations of this study. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure attitudes of school heads towards inclusion of students with disabilities in schools and how these school heads conceptualize inclusive education. Reflecting on data carried out from 200 schools of ten districts of Punjab. This research gives a valuable indication of the attitudes and awareness of school heads towards inclusion. The study found that school heads of rural area have more positive attitude towards inclusion and there is no significant difference between male and female heads towards inclusion of students with disabilities. This research will reveal the difficulties in implementing inclusive education and will also contribute in the field of educational leadership. Keywords: Attitude, inclusive education, children with disabilities.
A comparative study of traditional and modern teaching strategies with reference to their impact on the development of ethical leadership qualities
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Syeda Basit Anjum
Education and its objectives remained the hot debate throughout many centuries. Researchers concluded three important domains of education, cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains are interrelated. Recent high-rise in corruption, especially on leadership levels and down fall of our society has revealed the truth that we as a teacher are not full filling the needs of these mentioned domains so; society is suffering by immoral/non ethical persons trained from our schools. Teacher, school curriculum and syllabus play an important role in the development of these above-mentioned domains. Most important is curriculum that has four elements, objectives, content, teaching method, evaluation. Teaching method is the main tool from with teacher transfer knowledge and behaviors to his students, especially moral/ethical attributes but in our educational set up, we are still using traditional methods. In Pakistan, no study so far has done to find out the impact of teaching method on ethical/moral development of learners so, for this reason this research on topic “A Comparative Study of Traditional & Modern Teaching strategies with Reference to their impact on the development of ethical leadership qualities’’. It was pretest-posttest control group design. The SRS sample contained 60 students of one central high school of Lahore. Researcher developed MRI as a data collection tool and reliability and validity of this tool find out statistically. Data analyzed by using, T-test and standard deviation values find out to test the all four research hypotheses in control and experimental groups in four pairs. It was found that there is significant increase in ethical/moral reasoning skill in treatment or experimental group, before and after teaching with modern teaching methods. Study also revealed that learner in control group did not get increase in ethical/moral competence before and after teaching with traditional teaching strategies. It was concluded that modern teaching strategies are effective in ethical/moral development of future’s ethical/moral leaders of our society, within the same curriculum and syllabus of schools.
development of a training program to reduce the newly inducted head teachers’ anxiety at secondary school level
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) JAVED IQBAL
This study was conducted for the development of a training program to reduce the newly inducted head teachers’ anxiety at secondary school level in Pakistan. The anxiety is the state which affects the performance of the school heads. The purpose of this study was to develop the anxiety reduction program for the newly inducted secondary school heads. The researcher conducted the study by applying pre-test post-test experimental research design. A total of 30 newly inducted secondary school heads (17 male heads and 13 female heads at secondary school level) were selected from public sector Institutes of district Bhakkar. Likert-type questionnaire to measure the level of anxiety was circulated among the newly inducted secondary school heads as pre-test and post-test. The questionnaire comprised of 30-items and was adapted from three standardized major anxiety measuring scales namely (1) The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ-1990) developed to assess whether an individual experiences difficult to control, excessive, and frequent worry (Meyer, Miller, 1990) (2) The State Trait Inventory (STAT-1970) measuring the current anxiety level of the individual (Spielberger-1970) and (3) The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measuring the anxiety experiences of an individual . Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as means, standard deviation and t-test were used to analyze the collected data. After careful data analysis, the researcher concluded that there is no significant difference between the levels of anxiety of the newly inducted head teachers at secondary school level. The secondary school heads showed their high level of anxiety at pre-test. It was also found that the anxiety level was reduced to a certain extent after giving the treatment to the newly inducted heads of the secondary schools. At the end useful suggestions and recommendations were presented for upcoming research studies.
School as a self renewing learning community
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Atifa Ahsan
As cultural, economic, political changes are being brought, each school is expected to continue to become a self- renewing learning community. School has been an agency of the society to implement its agenda through its staff and head as one of its leaders. The school as self-renewing learning community seeks for school internal capacity to improve the learning capability of students and teachers. The purpose of the study seeks to find the importance of professional development activities of teachers for turning a school into a self-renewing learning community. The principals are responsible for the professional development of their staff and they manage the school as learning community using development as a school change agent. The researcher studies the role of the secondary school principal as a facilitator for reform efforts and changing the school into self-renewing learning community. The focus is not just on individual teacher’s professional learning but of professional learning within a community context – a community of learners, and the notion of collective learning. A principal’s role in school renewal demands for creating and facilitating the conditions under which the staff can reflect upon existing learning and teaching through collaboration and training programs. All secondary schools of both genders i.e. girls and boys and both sectors i.e. public and private in the city Kasur (urban area) constituted the population for this study. Sample comprised of 295 teachers (120 from public sector and 175 from private sector, male: 182; female: 113) and 35 principals (male: 20, female: 15). The survey method was used and data was collected with the help of questionnaires as research tool. The findings of this quantitative research suggest that the majority of the high school principals in city Kasur, encourage teachers to develop collaborative learning environment and that they feel an obligation to offer the opportunities for professional development of staff. The findings also suggest that teachers are working under the headship of the school principals who promote culture of instructional improvement, provide opportunities for peer observation, encourage staff to work well together and arrange for the activities aligned with school goals. For all schools, in urban areas, there is need to build and sustain sufficient and strong capacity to self-renew to meet the emerging challenges over time through professional development activities and collaborative teamwork by the principal as a leader.
The effect of teachers emotional intelligence on students emotional intelligence and achievement
(UMT.Lahore, 2013) Naurez Fatima shah
The study examined effect of emotional intelligence of the teachers on the student’s emotional intelligence and achievement. The role of teacher s’ emotional intelligence in the success of student’s achievement plays an important part. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the emotional intelligence on the achievements of students. The researcher adopted survey method to collect the data. A sample consisted of 300 students of higher secondary school participated in it. They were divided into two categories of the institutes, 172 were from the government schools and 126 from the private sector, including 206 male students and 94 female students. The population was taken from eight higher secondary schools from Lahore. Their age range was 15–16 years and mean score was 15.5. In order to measure emotional intelligence two reliable and valid instruments were used to access the emotional intelligence of the teachers and the emotional intelligence of the students. Initially the students filled the demographic data form and then they themselves filled EQ-test forms. Finally their academic achievement was upraised on the basis of their recent final exam results. The scores of EQ-I questionnaire of the students were statistically evaluated by Pearson Product Movement Correlation and regression analysis. The t-Test was applied to the academic results of the students (to observe the difference between higher and lower groups) and further to see the gender difference in academic achievement. The research revealed that age and experiences were slightly linked with emotional intelligence. It also proved that emotional intelligence is directly associated with the achievement of students. There is no doubt that teacher emotional intelligence has positive effects on the student’s emotional intelligence. It significantly proved that the students who scored high on emotional intelligence specifically in the areas of interpersonal skills, intrapersonal skills, general moods and adaptability tend to have a good academic performance as compared to those who scored low on these skills.
Study of techniques used by the private and public sector heads for motivation of teaching staff
(UMT.Lahore, 2014) Bushra Saif
Quality of a person’s performance depends to a great extent on the motivation and its level towards the cause. Motivation may take varied forms it may be in the shape of material rewards, certificates, oral appreciation out of turn promotions or certain incentives. The very comfortable way is to provide the best working conditions which apply to education equally good as that of administration. Leaders direct, instruct, nominate support go for capacity building of the staff as a sustained effort. Our process of induction is the qualification knowledge experience and exposure and not the willingness to work which is an essential but a missing link in activating the staff to enjoy the entrusted responsibilities (Qayyum and Siddique, 2003). In organizations in general and educational organizations in particular it is not the number of staff rather it is their zeal to work and exert for the organization. All the beneficiaries of education are required to be motivated; students for learning, parents for channelizing the efforts of their kids to their aim of life and education, teachers for better teaching and up datedness, administrators for getting every nuke and corner of the organization to grow consistently and simultaneously. Motivation is used as a tool for energizing the people. School has been an agency of the society to implement its agenda through its staff and head as one of its leaders. The school seeks for its internal capacity to improve the learning capability of students and teachers flourish, change and keep focus on their assigned duties and targets. Principals are responsible for the professional development of their staff and they manage the school as learning community using development as a school change agent. The researcher studies the role of the secondary school principal as a facilitator for reform efforts and changing the school into motivated entity geared towards the achievement of the students to the optimum. The focus is not just on individual teachers’ professional learning but of professional learning within a community context – a community of learners, and the notion of collective learning the consequences of which become evident in the shape of students performance and accomplishments. A principal’s role in school is creating and facilitating the conditions under which the staff can reflect upon existing learning and teaching through collaboration and training programs. 30 secondary schools of both genders i.e. girls and boys of. Public secondary schools in the city of Lahore constituted the population for this study. Sample comprised 125 each male and female teachers of secondary schools from Lahore district. The findings suggest that the majority of the high school principals in Lahore city encourage teachers to develop collaborative learning environment and that they feel an obligation to offer the opportunities for professional development of staff. The findings also suggest that teachers are working under the headship of the school principals who promote culture of instructional improvement, provide opportunities for peer observation, encourage staff to work well together and arrange for the activities aligned with school goals and mission. For all schools, in urban areas, there is need to build and sustain sufficient and strong capacity to self-renew to meet the emerging challenges over time through professional development activities and collaborative teamwork by the principal as a leader.
A study of practices and problems in promoting research at university level
(UMT.Lahore, 2014) Mazhar Ali Kazmi
The purpose of this study is to get awareness of the present practices of research at university level. Pakistan has no standing in the field of research as teachers concentrate on text available in the market and the students memorize the same and reproduce that in the exams. Further fabrication and falsification, plagiarism and using unpublished material and self-plagiarism have crept in our university research practices. The other problems in way of promoting research in universities are absence of research agenda, poor research strategies of the departments, inadequate allocation of funds for research, poor infrastructure, improper linkage with other institutions, weak communication of research benefits and lack of proper research monitoring. Seven universities were selected as sample and the teachers involved in research activities were taken as subjects of the study to respond to the questionnaire. The questionnaire, administered by research personally, consisted of 30 questions, was categorized into five factors, the face validity of which was determined through experts. After data analysis, the researcher concluded that plagiarism and theft of the data etc. are very popular among the researchers. Whereas, allocation of insufficient funds for research, lack of well managed and well equipped libraries and academic workload on researcher etc. are real obstacles in the way of promoting research at university level. These responses show the intensity of the problems and clarify that if someone wants to promote research at university level, then serious measures have to be adopted with a view to eradicate these problems and rectify the situation. It was also explored through the study that demographic variables of teachers like age, experience of research, positon of teacher, status of organization and professional qualification are not playing any significant role in views of the teachers. The views of the teachers, however, have been affected by the demographic variable of gender and a significant difference can be seen in the views of male teachers and those of female teachers.
Enhanching phonological awareness of the children with mental retrardation with the locally available materials and resources
(UMT.Lahore, 2014) Arfah Tubassam
An educational program for the mentally retarded children of the Special Education Center of Daska City was implemented and evaluated. This study was intended to determine whether a program implemented by researcher could succeed in: (a) helping mentally retarded children to enhance their phonological awareness and (b) producing positive changes in the learning of language development of these students. Sixteen mentally retarded children were selected from the population of children attending the Special Education Centre, Daska City (Pakistan). Check list was used to collect the data.Goal attainment scale was used to measure goals achieved by each student. Pre-post test comparisons were made of the number of goals achieved by the children receiving the intervention. Results indicated that the children's goal attainment changed positively and significantly from the pre-test to the post-test.
A study of secondary school teacher’s role in facilitating change in govt schools of baluchistan
(UMT.Lahore, 2014) Riaz Ahmed Panezai
It is something but imperative that there should be a change in all walks of life, even the education following the same rut. Many changes are proposed and brought about into the systems not leaving education aloof. Many policies did come up over the span of time for revamping the system at the national level, but all didn’t find space with the same vigor in all the provinces of Pakistan. The reason for the disparity in the acceptance of change is the availability of financial resources and expertise. Baluchistan is the biggest Province of Pakistan as regards area but per square kilometer habitat is much less than the other Provinces. It is the urge at national level that all the provinces should be brought at par. There might be many constrains in effectuating the desire. The situation at ground is to be explored hence the study on the topic has been conducted; “A study of secondary school teacher’s role in facilitating change in govt. schools of Baluchistan” with the intent to excavate the real state of affairs. The objectives of the study were; to identify the innovations suggested by the Education Department and adopted by the school wing, government of Baluchistan, to know the innovations adopted by the school wing within the past decade, to explore the change agents and their workability in the school setting at Baluchistan province, to identify the aspired role and actual role played by the teaching personnel in the school wing Government of Baluchistan. For the conduct of research one questionnaire was developed after the review of related literature, consultation with the supervisor, discussion with the peer group and interaction with the stake holders and the beneficiaries of the system, and observation of the practices followed by the teachers and students. The face validity was got developed through the expert opinion; the sequence, number of items, and language was changed on the basis of expert opinion. Before finalization the questionnaires were subjected to pilot testing. For pilot testing the developed questionnaire was administered to the respondents not included in the sample, but having the same position in other district of Loralai Blauchistan. The reliability of the questionnaire was got determined through chronbach alpha as .77, .75 and .79, .73 in respect of students, parents, teachers and Head teacher accordingly. The questionnaires were first of all administered to the students of class X in the secondary schools of Pishin, Zhob, and Quetta and collected back. Through the students their teachers were approached for getting filled the questionnaire and the same way the parents of the students were approached those who were willing to respond to the questionnaire. The Heads of those schools from where the students were selected as sample were requested to respond to the questionnaire meant for them regarding the practices of change facilitation at their schools. Briefing sessions were conducted for all respondents and the task of administration was accomplished within one session. The data thus collected was subjected to SPSS package for necessary processing. The data were presented in the shape of tables and each table was followed by its interpretations. ANOVA was applied to find out the difference in the perceptions of students, teachers, parents and head teachers, along with finding the multiple correlations among the respondents and the parameters of change addressed to in the questionnaire. The conclusions were drawn accordingly revealing that; the planning styles of teachers differ in addressing the problems, the government policies are found to be full of ambiguity, teacher’s personal knowledge and training is also a big hurdle to plan effectively and lastly this research shows that school environments are no longer happy, safe and interesting for teachers so that they can explore, discover and learn about them and school.
Impact of teacher’s motivating behavior on the performance of students at secondary level
(UMT.Lahore, 2014) Rizwana Habib
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of motivation on the learning outcome of students. The student’s out comes can be improved with the help of motivation. Without motivation learning is not possible so it is necessary for teachers to motivate their students. So many factors are affecting on student’s motivation. By reading this study, the reader is expected to know that what factors are effecting on low and high motivation. In our life, motivation is base of any work because without motivation we cannot achieve anything. If the teachers motivate their students for any task, they will achieve the goal. One of the important factors in realizing educational objectives is the role of the teachers` motivation within the educational set up. The negative performance of student towards educational aims and objectives could be associated to the low motivation of teachers. The general objective of this study is to examine the effect of teachers` motivation on students` performance. The study population comprised of different public and private high schools situated in the areas of Saman Abad, Mozang, Chowk Chuburji, Chowk Yateem Khana, Green Town, and Township Lahore only. The schools included in the population were selected using simple random sampling technique. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from the sample of study which consisted of the teachers teaching at secondary level both in public or private schools, selected by the use of convenient sampling technique. The study results revealed that majority of the respondent teachers believe that a teachers’ motivating attitude can bring a revolutionary changes in learning of a student by motivating him/her either by using rewards or by praising him/her or by any other positive gesture. Similarly, most of the teachers responded that a teacher having motivating attitude would be more successful as compared to others not only in greater academic achievements but also in developing great human qualities in his/her students. Further, majority of the teachers expressed their belief that enhancing students' associations with educators has paramount, positive and enduring ramifications for students' scholarly advancement. The study results revealed that demographic variables of teachers like gender, age, experience of teaching, positon of teacher, and professional qualification are really playing a significant role in changing the views/thinking of the teachers. These demographic variables make the teachers responding in a different way a significant difference can be seen in the responses of (i) the male or female teachers (ii) younger or older teachers (iii) more experienced or less experienced teachers and (iv) normally qualified or highly qualified teachers. The views of the teachers, however, have not been affected by the demographic variables of status of job and status of organization and no significant difference can be seen in the views of respondents from public or private organizations or the respondents having permanent or temporary or contract jobs.
Styles of career choices of professional students
(UMT.Lahore, 2014) Sobia Siddique
Career choices are considered as the wide-range of chances that exist for the utilization of our abilities. These abilities are set out in a context of policies moving toward individual objectives. Fields of professional, academic, and sociological activities are explored for the determination of sustaining personal, economic, and intellectual goals. In the current scenario people develop and exercise bundle of choices towards opting for career choices. It is not possible to capture all but the most prevalent and exercised may be trapped. This study was designed to investigate “Styles of career choices of professional students”. The study has been designed to chase the following objectives; Explore styles of professional students toward career choices? Categorize career choice styles of professional students and find out the styles of professional students being followed lavishly or otherwise. It was the audio recording that was relied upon in the research; the semi structured interviews of the individuals from the different schools of UMT were recorded and transcribed for the commonality and differences regarding the carrier choices. Researcher briefly describes three of the most common sampling methods used in qualitative research: purposive sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. It was almost a purposive sampling which was used for the collection of data. Two schools were selected, school of engineering and school of social sciences & humanities as sample spots for the study. Three departments were selected from two selected schools of University of Management and Technology. These departments were; department of Education, department of social sciences, and Industrial Engineering. Sample size for the study was 25 students and 5 teachers. Five students each were selected from the programs of the selected departments M.A Education, M.A special education, MSc Sociology, MSc Psychology and BS industrial Engineering and 01 teacher was selected from the each department. 1. Out of the study it may safely be inferred that Professional students and teachers belong to self-employed families, are the wards of businessmen and housewife mothers, their parents are B.A/B.Sc. and they are counseled by their parents. It is made known that students and teachers start thinking at the age of 16-20 to join a job, after getting convinced by their teachers, guidance by scanning is sought by very few students, they exploit their own abilities. Students do not get impressed from anyone except from their families nor from advertisements, newspapers, journals or advocacy campaigns, after studies they endeavor for their careers but normally do not succeed in joining a career. Most of the students do not like to be an applicant for a job. In addition they wanted to be placed on merit though they don’t believe this would happen, they urged to be assessed in terms of their abilities and in case of getting through in interview they may be handed over the letter of appointment in person in contact with administration. Teachers of professional students like to receive the interview call, judged as anonymous person during the process of selection. Professional students liking or disliking played a role in making them join their career, no student ever faced any financial constraint to join a job, it was not the fathers profession which developed the urge for a job, they do not get any information about jobs from their friends, further the students would never like to join petty jobs. Teachers of professional students expressed that their liking or disliking played a role in enabling them to join a career, financial constraints put them on the ebb to join a career, fathers profession do not develop the urge to join a career their friends Informed them about the career opportunities. Professional students and teachers want to learn more and more through the job, they wanted to become unique and competitive in their career. Professional students like continuous growth in their career, they never change their career ladder for the sake of incentives and opportunities, they want to know their powers and responsibilities before joining a career, they do not like to work at one place, they prefer to join the career on the basis of their choice. Teachers of professional students prefer a career which provides for continuous growth, they like to change the career ladder on being offered better incentives, keep on looking for better career path after joining career ladder, like to know their responsibilities and powers before joining a career, like to continue for long at one place subject to the environment of the organization, they joined the career because of scope of growth as teaching keeps one growing all the time.

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