2020

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    Usage of grey water prospects in chitral district
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) NAILA BILQEES
    This study is intended to know the public perception regarding grey water recycling, its needs, willingness for its reuse and its possible uses after treatment in Chitral town of district Chitral Lower, Pakistan. Mixed method research and survey tool was utilized for data collection. The survey was used as tool in previous studies; minor changes were made with the guidance of the research supervisor. Population of the study included all the households of Chitral town. Cluster sampling was done and households from each of the six Union Councils were selected. Hence, 97 household heads responded to the online survey questionnaire (google form) shared via email. The data, so collected, was analyzed by using IBM-SPSS software. The study concludes that an awareness campaign is needed in Chitral, as the public is unaware of the Greywater recycling, its reuse after treatment and the technologies or methods involved in the process. Grey water recycling is needed, firstly, because there is a potential threat of water scarcity in future and secondly, Greywater is causing land and water pollution. The public supports the idea of water recycling and is willing to construct recycling plants in the premises of their homes. The public supports the reuse of treated grey water for irrigation of crops and garden, home cleaning and toilet flushing.
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    Homotopy analysis technique for fractional heat equation through inverse laplace transform
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) Rabia Aqeel
    In this paper , we tried to solve some fascinating one-dimensional time fractional heat equations with the computational inverse Laplace homotopy technique. This approach is based on the perturbation method of Laplace Homotopy (LHPM), which is combined form of transform Laplace and the homotopy perturbation method. Next we used He’s polynomials to refer to the fractional one-dimensional partial differential equations. We have suggested that proposed model would be proved very efficient and powerful methods in calculating solutions to the fractional partial differential equations.
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    Oscillatory magnetic effect on heat transfer of viscous fluid
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) Saba Mazhar
    In this research, we have investigated the heat transfer with unsteady hydro magnetic free convection of an incompressible, linearly viscous, electrically conducting f luid near a vertical plate with constant heat. When a magnetic field having a ver itable directions is introduced then the flow domain will be porous half space. In order to introduce a thermal flux constitutive equation with a weakly memory, the Cuputo time fractional derivative is used. By using Laplace transform method we can obtained the exact solutions of the fractional governing differential equations for fluid temperature, velocity field, Nusselt number and skin frictions. Results taken out by using numerical calculations are illustrated with the graphical representation. In this research, we have compared the difference between the ordinary fluid and the fluid with thermal memory. We have also discussed the influence of the memory parame ters on the temperature and velocity field. It has been observed that when the value of time will be small the memory affects will become stronger and this will happen due to the evolution in the time of the Caputo power law kernel. We have also found by changing the inclination angle of the magnetic field’s direction, the fluid flow will be accelerated.
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    Growth and characterization of multilayer NiO/Agand NiO/Al structures for energy saving heat mirrors
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) ALI RAZA
    Optically Transparent multilayer NiO/Ag and NiO/Al heat mirrors were prepared which allow the visible radiation to pass through it and reflect the Infrared radiations. NiO thin film was deposited by sol-gel spin coating technique, while Ag and Al thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation. XRD analysis showed that the formation of the cubic structure of NiO. The chemical analysis reveals that the Ni2O3 phase also presents along with the NiO phase. The transmittance spectra of NiO/Ag and NiO/Al coatings showed good transmittance in the visible region while highly reflective in the infrared region.
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    Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of quartz
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) ZAKIR HUSSAIN
    The influence of laser irradiances on the parameters of plasma that are the electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne), in laser induces breakdown spectroscopy of quartz plume, has been studied. Nd: YAG laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm, the pulse width of 10 ns, repetition rate of 10 Hz at different energies, the highest value of energy was 105mJ used in the present work. A vacuum of 10-6 Torr was created in the chamber before mounting the sample in it with the help of a turbo molecular pump. After the evacuation of the chamber argon gas was then filled at 20 Torr pressure to enhance the emission intensity. The laser irradiance was varied from 7.3 TW/cm2 to 10.7 TW/cm2. The Te was evaluated by a method called the Boltzmann distribution and was found to vary from 4950 K to 4975 K. The results showed increasing trend of Te with the increase of laser irradiances. The Ne was evaluated from the Stark Broadening effect, and it varied from 4.2 × 1017 cm-3 to 9.9 × 1017 cm 3 . The result revealed that at low irradiance of laser the Ne decreases whereas at the higher laser irradiance Ne increases.
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    Investigation of the relative humidity-sensing performance of capacitive and resistive type sensor based on metalloporphyrin dielectric layer
    (UMT, Lahore, 2020) MARIYAM ZULFQAR
    A quest for a suitable method to fabricate thin films based humidity sensor with superior sensitivity in their electric response, calls for a selection of an appropriate material and effective fabrication technique. Organic semiconductors/polymers have particularly significant potential for relative humidity sensing applications as they offer controlled pore size, low-cost & vast variety of fabrication procedures and inherent advantage of mechanical flexibility. In this article, application of organic semiconductor metalloporphyrin (TDTBPPNi) to fabricate highly sensitive humidity sensors by using a novel eco-benign microwave-assisted synthetic procedure has investigated. Metalloporphyrin (TDTBPPNi) has synthesized and deposited through facile drop-casting technique on the gap (40 μm) between a set of planar aluminum (Al) electrodes to fabricate a planar coherent resistive and capacitive type humidity sensor (Al/TDTBPPNi/Al). The structural and morphological characterization of relative humidity sensing active layer has examined by XRD and AFM, which indicates amorphous structure and rough globular surface morphology of the active surface thin film. The relative humidity sensing capacitive and resistive characteristics of the humidity sensor have been explored by exposing it to various wide range relative humidity (%RH) levels (39 - 85 %RH). The fabricated sensor under biasing condition of 1V of applied bias (Vrms) and 200 Hz AC test frequency, exhibits significantly higher sensitivity of ~ 102.61 pF/%RH and -333.07 kΩ/%RH in capacitive and resistive mode of operation. The average response time and recovery time of this resistive sensor have evaluated to be ~ 35 s and ~57 s, respectively. The reasons of this achieved sensitivity and response level has discussed.