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Solar System
(UMT Lahore, 2007) Rizwan Razzaq
Solar energy is rapidly gaining notoriety as an important means of expanding renewable energy resources. As such, it is vital that those in engineering fields understand the technologies associated with this area. My project will include the design and construction of a solar panel tracking system. Solar tracking allows more energy to be produced because the solar array is able to remain aligned to the sun. This system builds upon topics learned in this course. A working system will ultimately be demonstrated to validate the design. Problems and possible improvements will also be presented.
Breadth first searching algorithm implementation on robot
(UMT Lahore, 2008) Fehmy Malik; Azlan M ahmood; Hayyan Farrukh
VoIP protocol and its implementation
(UMT Lahore, 2008) M. Umar Maqsood; Usman Hafeez
VoIP, or voice over internet protocol, uses the internet instead of a regular phone line to transmit your telephone call. A futuristic dream hardly. You're probably already using VoIP for your long distance calls, as most major carrier's route voice traffic over the internet. But as VoIP technology advances, it could provide important operational cost savings to TV and radio stations and networks, and to cable companies. One of the challenges in providing a VoIP solution is extracting the same level of performance from a Linux based PowerPC that a VoIP would offer. Two standards have recently emerged for signaling and control for internet telephony. One is ITU recommendation H.323, and the other is the IETF session initiation protocol (SIP). These two protocols represent very different approaches to the same problem: H.323 embraces the more traditional circuit-switched approach to signaling based on the ISDN Q.931 protocol and earlier H-series recommendations, and SIP favor the more lightweight internet approach based on HTTP. First we compare SIP and H.323 on complexity, quality of service, extensibility, scalability, and features. Than we start implementation of SIP protocol using Asterisk which is Linux based. However it gives more comfort in security, flexibility to add new features and relative ease in implementation and call control. Finally we note that how the revolution of IP telephony is most beneficiary for upcoming challenges.
Introduction to speech recognition
(UMT Lahore, 2010) Abdul Qayyum
Automatic Power Control Unit (APCU)
(UMT Lahore, 2010) Mohammad Faisal Haider; Syed Yasir Rizvi; Hafiz Saad Ullah Qureshi
The advent of new high-speed technologies and the growing computer capacity have provided realistic opportunities for new cost-effective technologies and the realization of new methods of innovation. This technical improvement, together with the need for high-performance techniques, has created faster, more accurate, and more intelligent products using new drives and advanced control algorithms. Our project underlines and highlights the importance of a hospital environment in which life-saving equipment operates without any interruption. Life-saving equipment and rooms in hospitals (ICU and operation theatre) are on backup systems such as UPS and are then supported by generators, i.e., petrol, diesel, or gas. The less urgent systems are on secondary power backup and come online when the generators are switched on, and their priorities can be switched. We have demonstrated a similar environment to that of a working hospital, which undergoes the same operational needs. To make the system more advanced and remove the human element, we have used a microcontroller 80C51, which performs all the operational work. Our concept revolves around 12 volts DC, which can later be enhanced to 220 volts DC as per needs and requirements.
Microcontroller based power factor improvement
(UMT Lahore, 2010) Mohsin Raza; Jawad Anwar; Tasawwar Abbas
Power factor correction (PFC) is a technique of counteracting the undesirable effects of electric loads that create a power factor (p.f.) less than 1. Power factor correction may be applied either by an electrical transmission utility to improve the stability and efficiency of the transmission network, or correction may be installed by individual electrical customers to reduce the costs charged to them by their electricity supplier. The most practical and economical power factor correction device is the capacitor. Incorporation of a microcontroller into a static capacitor device facilitates a form of automatic control action whereby the power factor is always kept at a fixed value, irrespective of the load power factor conditions. It improves the power factor because the effects of capacitance are exactly opposite to those of inductance. The microcontroller determines the power factor of the system at any instant of time and calculates the reactive power to be supplied and the value of capacitance to be switched in to make the power factor unity. The capacitor is switched in parallel to the load through a relay controlled by the processor. The circuit is capable of correcting the power factor for any inductive load within the rating of the system.
Autonomous intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle
(UMT Lahore, 2010) Faisal Mohi-ud-din; Muhammad Ihtesham Adil
Small radio-controlled (R/C) rotary-wing UAVs have many potential military and civilian applications, but can be very difficult to fly. Small and lightweight sensors and computers can be used to implement a control system to make these vehicles easier to fly. This project outlines the development of a control system for a small UAV; an 8-bit microcontroller has been interfaced with MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) accelerometers, an R/C transmitter and receiver, and motor drivers. A quadrotor with a stability augmentation system that uses these electronics to control the vehicle has also been developed. The future goals of this project are to incorporate more sensors to increase the level of autonomy for UAV operation.
Design & implementation of digital video broadcasting simulator
(UMT Lahore, 2010) Syed Abdullah Abbas; M Usama Jamshed; M Zulkifl Hasan; M Zunnurain Hussain
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is becoming the chosen modulation technique for communication. OFDM can provide large data rates with sufficient robustness to channel impairments. The purpose of this report is to provide Matlab code to simulate the basic processing involved in the generation and reception of an OFDM signal in a physical channel and to provide a description of each of the steps involved. For this purpose, we shall use, as an example, one of the proposed OFDM signals of the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) standard for the terrestrial. [17]. This report discusses the design and implementation of an OFDM system in different data modulation schemes such as M-QPSK, M-QAM. First a brief introduction is provided by explaining the background and the specification of the project. Then the report deals with the system model. Each block of the OFDM system is described (IFFT/FFT, cyclic prefix, modulation/demodulation, channel estimation, bit error rate). In the following section, the system architecture is analyzed. The transmission techniques, as well as the system parameters for transmission and reception are explained in detail. Finally, the results are provided in the last chapter.
Channel Modeling in Wireless networks
(UMT Lahore, 2010-03-18) Hammad Bin Hamid; Syed Hasan Asif; Faseeh Danish
The demand for wireless communications systems is ever increasing in all human-life activities. This technology provides connectivity also where wiring is impossible or costly. Wireless technology can range from WLANs and cellular networks to headphones and microphone connections. It includes infrared (IR) devices, such as remote controls, cordless keyboards, and mice, all of which have a transmitter and a receiver. The high diffusion rate of this technology provoked some confusion in the user, as the industry developed many different wireless systems and services, which often were not able to interact with each other. The purpose of this study and research was to understand the concept of channel modeling and ray tracing. During the project, different mechanisms and their impact were observed on a signal, and their effect was calculated. An area with predefined specifications was modeled, and the path of the signal from the transmitter to the receiver was examined. Many scenarios were taken under consideration. Phenomena like knife-edge diffraction, simple and complex shadowing, and ray models were implemented, and the result for every individual phenomenon was observed. The reasons for the loss of field strength and increase in path loss were studied through changing different parameters, like the heights of the transmitter and receiver while moving along streets. All these observations were performed in MATLAB.
Speech Controlled Car
(UMT Lahore, 2010-03-24) Basit Saeed; Muhammad Ahmad; Numan Ahmed
An increasingly popular way to interact with machines is to simply talk to them. However, there is often a trade-off between ease of use and system complexity. Thus, the main objective of this project is to design and implement a voice control car using RF technology for wireless data transmission. It is capable of accurately identifying a single sound while remaining simple and fast. For this purpose, an algorithm like linear predictive coding is prototyped and tested using MATLAB. On the hardware side, we interfaced RF module with microcontroller. Speech recognition is performed using PC. Microcontroller then converts bits from serial port to message and transmits it. Receiving side RF responds and orders car to move. Speech is a complex and non-stationary signal produced as a result of several and complex transformations. Sound signal changes a lot due to many factors, so it is not possible to have 100% accurate result. Result of our system are more than 70 percent. The system, as though, looks astonishing for lay man, but we are hoping that this could be a small step for helping blind and disabled people to solve their everyday problems.
Single line follower robot with collision detection
(UMT Lahore, 2010-03-25) Mohammad Adnan Saadi; Malik Sadiq Hussain; Mohammad Ali Tahir; Dilawar Khan Lund
The goal of the project is to construct and design a single line follower robot with a collision detection feature and a feedback control system that can follow a specified path on the ground for an indoor environment. It would sense the line and keep the robot on the given specified path. It would follow this through a feedback mechanism by taking the necessary actions for wrong moves. As the controller of the robot, you can guide and teach the robot how to follow the given specified path (line) and behave like a human with the ability of understanding and responding according to the given instructions. In addition to that, it will detect collisions in its way and will behave as the instructor would say. In our case, it will stop when it senses any hurdle and will not continue its motion until that object or hurdle is moved away from its path. Our robot automatically changes its direction according to the line without any guidance or control by external means. It can carry different low-weighted equipment up to 200 grams. In addition to that, a camera can also be attached for monitoring and security purposes, which would be safe from any accident or collision due to the adjustable range of detection. It can also be used in industrial robot guidance systems that operate indoors and in the military for spy purposes. In our report, we are adding our final documentation with all the essential information about our controller, robot, sensors, and all the components used in our project.
Home security system
(UMT Lahore, 2010-04) Aftab Ahmad; Zeeshan Badar; M. Waqas Hameed Mir
Technologies have been continuously benefitting mankind in every way possible. Old systems are being replaced by new techniques in terms of technology. The never-ending research is underway to make the system compact and durable. Similarly, we have focused on a security system that can be used by home users, businesses, universities, etc.—huge groups of people who are concerned about their and others’ security. The main purpose of the system is to provide an easy and comfortable approach to the user, so that security-related tasks can be achieved electronically. There are many ways to implement such an idea into real means. We have used GSM technology features to enhance the coverage of security-related issues faced by many people in their daily life. We have tried to generate automatic SOS system calls in case of any unpleasant incident happens when it is hard for the user to reach their home/area from a remote location, so that the security of their belongings can be taken care of by law enforcement agencies. This efficient system makes it easy for the user to handle electronic security in an efficient way, so that organizations and home users can have a feeling of security and relaxation, knowing that someone is taking care of their belongings and they are safe. Home security has been a major issue where crime is increasing, and everybody wants to take proper measures to prevent intrusion. In the fast-developing world today, the need to secure our belongings, like cars and homes, from remote locations is becoming a necessity. This project, titled “Home Monitoring System,” aims at securing our home from a remote location. We have used GSM technology for communicating between the remote location and the home controller. In addition, there was a need to automate the home so that the user can take advantage of technological advancement in such a way that a person getting off from the office does not get melted in the hot climate.
Efficient attendance system
(UMT Lahore, 2010-04-02) Faisal Khalil; Atif Amjad; M. Adnan Ch
Technologies have been continuously benefitting the mankind in every way possible. Old systems are being replaced by new techniques in terms of technology. The never-ending research is underway to make the system compact and durable. Similarly, we have focused on an attendance system that can be used at universities as well as companies to maintain daily basis records of attendance. The main purpose of the system is to provide an easy and comfortable approach to the user, so that handmade tasks can be achieved electronically. There are so many ways to implement such an idea into real means, and we have used a dual technology approach to maintain attendance by the user. We have generated EAS (Efficient Attendance System), which uses the Radio Frequency Identification technology in maintaining students’ attendance. EAS not only can mark attendance via radio frequency identification tags, but also through the keypad. The student attendance can also be sent to the serial interface either in online or offline mode to the host computer. This efficient system makes it easy for the user to handle electronic attendance in an efficient way, so that the company/university can integrate the system with their database. This will maximize management of records to assess according to the academic performance.
LASER based voice communication system
(UMT Lahore, 2010-04-08) Faisal Ibne Asad
In telecommunications, free space optical LASER communication technology uses light propagating in free space to transmit information between two points. The technology is useful where physical connections by means of fiber optic cables are impractical due to high costs or other considerations. An optical communication system consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal; a channel, which carries the signal to its destination; and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal. The mission of this project is to design an “information security system,” especially for military areas. This is the most secure wireless medium due to the high directionality and narrowness of the beam. The block diagram of the overall system consists of the following blocks: sound player, laser diode, laser wave, photo diode, amplifier, and speaker, respectively. For civilian areas, this type of communication system may change our society and make our lives more convenient, more enjoyable, and more comfortable.
Home automation in energy management
(UMT Lahore, 2010-04-09) Ibrahim Shahid; Nauman Akhtar; Sameer Aqib
The objective of this project is to design, develop, and implement a system that enables real-time power management of a house. The project report is aimed to describe the complete picture of constructing a device that measures the load of a house in kilo watts and informs overloading of a house to the main grid station user. The main grid station has put limitations on the load of a house, which means that if the load exceeds the limit, an alarm will be triggered to make the house user aware that the actual load has exceeded the provided load and now the load is being supplied by some extra source. There are two major parts in the design and fabrication of our project, and they are electronic and software design. In the electronic design, we have a PIC microcontroller as the main processing unit for our hardware, and the controller communicates with the integrated circuit in order to control overloading. In the software design, we have designed a graphical user interface on Visual Studio 2008 in order to set limitations on our hardware attached to the main panel board of the house.
Propeller based display system
(UMT Lahore, 2010-04-20) Saad Ahmed Aejaz; Ahmed Bilal Abdul Wahid; Faran Arshad
Propeller based display system is a system which displays messages using LED with the help of a microcontroller. The microcontroller we used for this project is PIC16F877A. There is no user input for the display system, but the user can change the messages using an RF remote control which is linked wirelessly to an RF module connected with the microcontroller. The code is written in C language using MPLAB. The circuit is mounted on the mechanical structure, which is then mounted on the motor, so when the motor rotates, the circuit displays a message programmed in the microcontroller using LEDs. The messages are stored in the microcontroller and can be changed using the remote control. This unique idea of message display is very eye-catching and can be used in the auto industry, advertisement, and toys, etc.
Free-Space Optics (FSO)
(UMT Lahore, 2010-10-29) Aneeq Ahmed; Aqsa Bukhari
This project deals with extremely small Local Area Network (LAN) that operates through Free Space Optics (FSO) rather than traditional and fiber channels.
The quadcopter
(UMT Lahore, 2010-11-26) Qaiser Raza; Emad Suhail Janjua; Muneeb Shahid
This report covers the background research, design approach, and hardware testing of the design of a quadcopter capable of autonomous flight. Our goal was to develop an autonomous quadcopter capable of ascending to a certain height, achieving a stable hovering motion, and then descending back to ground level. This project focused on the study of a quadcopter helicopter, its theory of flight, its mechanical design, its electronic design, and ultimately, its hardware implementation. Since this project is the first of its kind, the hardware was totally experimental; hence it’s open to additional features for groups willing to undertake this project as their final year project.
Analysis of garments defects and proposal for their remedial plan
(UMT Lahore, 2011) Aamir Raza; Asad Ali Raza; Abrar Ahmad
Handicap Guidance Support System
(UMT Lahore, 2011) Saim Tariq; Bilal Afzal; Ali Iqbal

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