Browsing by Author "Saima Gulzar"

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    Glazed tile ornamentation in Mughal monumental architecture.
    (International Journal of Research in Chemical, Metallurgical and Civil Engineering, 2016) Saima Gulzar
    The rich and diversified architectural ornamentation in the Mughal monumental architecture is an intelligent interplay of geometry, proportions, colours, materials and techniques in the form of highly intricate and sophisticated unparalleled patterns derived from the multiplication of basic Islamic art forms. This colourful expression of glorious Mughal era reflects their artistic excellence and most refined architectural sense that glorified the barren/ deserted Indian subcontinent during their reign. Mughals introduced different types of architectural ornamentations including glazed tiles, stone mosaic or inlay works, fresco/mural paintings, stucco etc. for the decoration of the interior and exterior surfaces. The extensive use of glazed tiles for ornamentation by the Mughals especially on exteriors is attributed to their weather durability and unique designs. The glazed tile variegated designs ranges from infinite complex permutations of lines and curves to flowing floral patterns and human, animal, plant life subjects to extremely graceful calligraphic forms. This research is the comprehensive and explorative study of the glazed tiles origin, their evolution and various influences during their development in the Mughal period (1526-1857 A.D.). In addition, the study not only explores the transformation phases essential for architectural conservations but also provides the reference for future analytical studies.
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    History of conservation of shish mahal in Lahore, Pakistan.
    (International Journal of Research in Chemical, Metallurgical and Civil Engineering, 2016) Mohammad Kamran; Muhammad Yousuf Awan; Saima Gulzar
    Lahore Fort is situated in north-west side of Lahore city. Lahore fort is an icon for national identity and symbol of both historical and legendry versions of the past. It preserves all styles of Mughal architecture. The fort has more than 20 large and small monuments, most of them are towards northern side. Shish Mahal is one of them and was built in 1631-1632 by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Shish Mahal being most beautiful royal residence is also known as palace of mirrors. Shish Mahal has faced serious problems throughout the ages. Temperature changes, heavy rains, lightning and termite effect were the serious causes of decays for Shish Mahal. With the passage of time remedial works were proposed for Shish Mahal and were implemented accordingly. In 1991-92 serious cracks were observed in the ceiling. On the recommendations of experts the conservation of ceiling of Shish Mahal was carried out from 2003-2005. The paper will focus on history of conservation of Shish Mahal before partition and after independence. The paper will briefly discuss history of Shish Mahal, its architecture, conservation and detail of repair works. The paper draws conclusion for successful conservation to maintain the authenticity of historic monument as well as the failures in conservation works.