DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Muhammad Usman"

Browsing by Author "Muhammad Usman"

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Automatic power factor correction using microcontroller
(University of Management and Technology, 2013-08) Shahzad Ahmad; Muhammad Usman; Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad
Wasted energy capacity, also known as poor power factor, is often overlooked. It can result in poor reliability, safety problems and higher energy costs. The lower your power factor, the less economically your system operates. The actual amount of power being used, or dissipated, in a circuit is called true power. Reactive loads such as inductors and capacitors make up what is called reactive power. The linear combination of true power and reactive power is called apparent power. Power system loads consist of resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads. Examples of resistive loads are incandescent lighting and electric heaters. Examples of inductive loads are induction motors, transformers, and reactors. Examples of capacitive loads are capacitors, variable or fixed capacitor banks, motor starting capacitors, generators, and synchronous motors. Power factor correction (PFC) is usually achieved by adding capacitive load to offset the inductive load present in the power system. The power factor of the power system is constantly changing due to variations in the size and number of the motors or inductive loads of any kind being used at one time. This makes it difficult to balance the inductive and capacitive loads continuously. There are many benefits of having power factor correction. As a customer the cost does not get passed on for having a low power factor. As a utility company, equipment has a much longer life span and maintenance costs remain low. In recent years, the power quality of the AC system has become a great concern due to the rapidly increased number of inductive loads, electronic equipment, power electronics and high voltage power systems. In order to reduce line losses and improve the transmission efficiency, power factor correction research became a hot topic. Many control methods for the Power Factor Correction (PFC) were proposed. This project report describes the design and development of a single-phase (240V, 50Hz) capacitor bank power factor correction device using PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) micro-controlling chip. Power factor correction using capacitor banks reduces reactive power consumption which will lead in minimization of losses and at the same time increases the electrical system’s efficiency. Power saving issues and reactive power management has brought us to the creation of single phase capacitor banks for domestic applications. The development of this project is to enhance and upgrade the operation of single phase capacitor banks by developing a micro-processor based control system. The control unit will be able to control capacitor bank operating steps based on the varying load current. This project applies the Peripheral Interface Controller ( PIC ) microcontroller to produce switching commands in order to control the capacitor bank steps. Intelligent control using this micro-processor control unit ensures even utilization of capacitor steps, minimizes number of switching operations and optimizes power factor correction. Transformer-type variable inductive load specially designed to meet the requirements of this project is used as load in this single phase capacitor bank developments. This transformer-type variable inductive load is varied over various ranges and different load values by using variable resistance dimmer to enable capacitor bank model to be controlled systematically. This project involves measuring the power factor value from the load using current transformer, potential transformer, and zero crossing detector, then using proper algorithm of switching on and switching off the capacitors in order to compensate excessive reactive power, thus withdraw PF near to unity (0.9 approximately) as a result acquires higher efficiency and better quality AC output.
Bid IT world
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Muhammad Ahmed; M. Khurram Shahzad; Muhammad Usman
We provide the platform for the users who have the IT related skills to earn money. It can used by the unemployed, employedpeople and studentsby working at home having the skills related to IT. We have proposed to develop web application that will help the users to sell and buy:  Domains  Websites  Software's  Mobile apps. Users can bid on the IT product which they want to buy and can sell their IT product by posting ads relevant to their skills. Users also has the options to cancel their bids if they want to in any case of problem or mind changing. It will really encourage those who can't get jobs or students want to earn money to support themselves. It also gives advantage to the world as the people will start earning using this platform. It is also a user friendly platform.
Comparative study of weaving units on the basis of production and quality
(University of Management and Technology, 2010) Muhammad Usman
Comparison of cleaning efficiency of old and new cotton card
(University of Management and Technology, 2009) Muhammad Usman; Ahmad Makki; M. Zeeshan Anjum
Design and Development of setup for measurement of aerodynamic forces and flow visualization inside the wind tunnel
(UMT, Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Ghuffar; Sanan Bin Imran; Muhammad Usman
Wind Tunnel is a large tube through which air flows. They are used to study the flow of air over any moving object and hence determine the aerodynamic characteristics of that object. Wind tunnel present in Walton Aviation Training School (WATS) is an open-end suction type wind tunnel. This wind tunnel operates at low speed as would be used for studying aerodynamic characteristics of smaller objects. The wind tunnel will measure Cl and Cd values of NACA 4-digit airfoils. Airspeed through the wind tunnel would be measured digital anemometer, while the load cells would measure the drag and lift forces acting on the wing. This report would explain the amendment that would be made in the existing wind tunnel. The reports would explain the decision-making criteria at each stage and the reasons that contributed to making these decisions. Visualization of the flow would be done through smoke flow visualization technique. In this method white smoke is introduced intothe test section through narrow copper tubes, the smoke is ejected through the end of the copper pipes due to suction affect created by pressure difference
GUI and Zigbee Based Intelligently Decision Making Shortest Path Robot
(University of Management and Technology, 2013) Faheem Aslam; Wajid Aziz; Muhammad Usman
Design a Graphical User Interface based controlled robot which covers the shortest distance from given source to its destination with the help of color sensors and continuous communication through Zigbee Transceiver. The initial and final points are in the form of different nodes on a chip board to which color sensors are attached on every node for giving signal back to us on computer about robot's recent holding position. Robot takes the input from GUI on computer and move itself to given position with the help of continuous communication between GUI input and sensors by detecting, sensing and passing through different positions. Robot gets input signal and before moving towards the given position it intelligently took decision for the very short path by following Dijkstra's algorithm and then moves towards its given position. This technology is very useful in navigation systems and in hazardous conditions.
NUTRITIONAL AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF LOOSE AND PACKED MILK LOCALLY AVAILABLE IN LAHORE
(UMT.Lahore, 2024) Muhammad Usman
Milk is one of the most consumed food products globally, providing essential nutrients that are crucial for health. Milk consumption has significantly increased over the past 10 years, which has enormously increased the demand for it. Consequently, numerous fraudulent practices and malpractices have emerged, jeopardizing the safety, quality, and authenticity of milk. The current study aims to compare the nutritional value, quality, authenticity, and safety of loose and packed milk available in the local markets of Lahore. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status, quality, and microbial assessment of locally available loose and packed milk in Lahore. For microbial assessment, Total Plate count (TPC) and Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) were performed to check microbial contamination of loose and packed milk; subsequently, adulteration tests of ammonium sulfate, urea, starch, boric acid, detergent, and formalin were performed to detect adulteration in loose and packed milk. Additionally, nutritional assessment (carbohydrate content, crude fat, and crude protein) was performed to evaluate the overall nutritional value of loose and packed milk. The TPC of loose milk was 2.3×107 , whereas there was no microbiological contamination in packed milk. However, the EMB of loose milk was 6.4×106 , and packed milk had no E. coli contamination. T
Optimal energy solution for rural household
(University of Management and Technology, 2014) Saad Ahmed Qureshi; Muhammad Usman
Electric short fall is at a critical point and is considered as one of the major issues of Pakistan. Most of the population approximately 62% resides in the rural development. The major crisis of electricity exists in rural areas. Therefore, it is essential to provide a viable solution to the rural development to overcome the short fall of electricity. Electricity crisis in rural development is a major issue. Rural development is facing almost 15-20 hours of load shedding therefore there it is important to provide an optimal energy solution for rural household to meet the demands of the electricity. The cheapest and most suitable solution for rural environment is the biogas which is decentralized and does not require any extra effort for the production of biogas. Available resources in rural environment are enough to provide the energy needs and end up the crisis of the rural electricity needs as well as other energy issues. Almost 159 million animals are present in Pakistan's rural development whose manure can be utilized for the purpose of biogas production if utilized properly. Surveys show that there are almost 35.2 million cattle and buffalo whose dung can be used solely for this purpose.
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ON AGRICULTURE OUTPUT; A CASE STUDY OF MULTAN, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
(UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Usman
Many studies linked with the impact of agriculture investment and agricultural resources on agriculture output. This thesis explore the relationship between agriculture investment and agricultural resources and their impact on agriculture output. The study was conducted in Multan division using a quantitative approach .quantitative data was collected through a survey of 384 house hold people. The impact of low government investment and limited agricultural resources on agriculture output has become a significant concern in recent years. This thesis aims to investigate the relationship between these factors and their influence on agricultural productivity. By analyzing relevant literature, statistical data, and case studies, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how inadequate government investment and constrained agricultural resources affect the output of the agricultural sector. The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, empirical data, and case studies from various regions and countries. Quantitative techniques, including statistical modeling and regression analysis, are employed to assess the relationship between agriculture investment, agricultural resources, and agricultural output.
The Prospects of Reform in Federal Structure of Pakistan
(UMT.Lahore, 2019) Muhammad Usman
The 1973 constitution contained all the main provisions to protect the interests of the federal principles, but these provisions were repeatedly violated by the military and political leadership and did not allow the system to establish democratic constitutional norms. Although 18the amendment is a very good step to protect the provincial interests which tacitly will strengthen the central government. However, there should be a balance of powers between federal and provincial governments; that`s why there are some parts of the 18th amendment that should be revisited so that the federal government could maintain its authority through its institutions which may protect the collective interest of state internally and externally. Remember, equality can be maintained through parliament, especially through the senate, which is based on equal representation of all provinces that`s why it should be given more powers to this house of legislation so that it may protect the interest of federal units on equitable basis. The US federal system is a successful and well established federal system all over the world because their legislature, especially their Senate, and federal Judiciary is so strong, and they don`t compromise on constitutional norms which provide equality and justice to their citizen at federal and state levels.
Visual distraction detection for safety driving
(University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Khurram Shahbaz; Badar Nasir; Hassam Zahid; Muhammad Usman
Every day we see and hear about road accidents caused by irresponsible behavior of the drivers. The majority of the misfortunes happen because of the eye off the road while driving, not concentrating on the road signs and also of driver's distraction from the road. This project is here to discuss and highlight the driver's facial motion distraction and gives methods which use facial points and head rotation of the driver to indicate the problem. These facial points are detected by ASM and Boosted Regression with Markov Networks (BoRMaN). Classifiers like (Neural Networks (Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)), Naïve Byes, J48, Decision Table, NNGE, SMO (Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and Adaboost were used to prepare and test the features of various frames.

Browsing by Author "Muhammad Usman"

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