MS / MPhil

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Browsing MS / MPhil by Author "Hira Kanwal"

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    POLICE PERFORMANCE AND REFORMS; A CASE STUDY OF THE POLICE ORDER 2002
    (UMT, Lahore, 2021) Hira Kanwal
    This paper is an attempt to understand and analyze the various police reforms in Pakistan. This study is qualitative in nature and based upon firsthand information collected from several police officers and review of several govt. legislations. Law enforcement agencies are responsible for maintaining law and order in a country and to ensure its stability and provide peace and security to the citizens. Police is the major law enforcement agency in Pakistan where the imprint of the British colonial past still endures on several state institutions. Police is one of those departments that were introduced by the British in India as an instrument of control of the colony. In this paper we evaluate the performance of the police after independence and its effectiveness. Many initiatives were taken to reform the police and they generally failed to achieve their intended objectives. The paper presents a critical analysis of the by and large flawed reforms that are behind police ineffectiveness and inefficiency. The police Act 1861 and its replacement with the Police Order 2002 are critically evaluated. Some identified problems of reforms failure are the continuing colonial legacy, political pressure, corruption, lack of accountability, deficient police training and recruitment. The study is conducted by using the qualitative method with the help of the interview technique by first examining the impacts of the colonial past over the police department and the laws introduced and adapted by Pakistan after independence with little or no change. Then each perspective of the reform failure, especially the Police Order 2002 is critically analyzed.