2024

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Browsing 2024 by Author "Afaq Ahmad"

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    Analysis of skew bridges with and without intermediate diaphragms
    (UMT. Lahore, 2024) Mateen Haider; Afaq Ahmad; Zubair Abbas; Mubashar Haya
    Construction of reinforced concrete intermediate diaphragm in skew bridges is more difficult as compared to the normal bridges. But they are still design operation in skew bridges as well as normal bridges in Pakistan. The necessity of installing intermediate diaphragms in pre stressed concrete I girder bridges was investigate in this study by analysis the four bridge cases with different skew angle with and without diaphragm to check the impact of diaphragms technically or economically. The impact of intermediate diaphragms on main girder in superstructure of the skew bridges with and without diaphragm was checked through finite element modeling in STAAD PRO for the original arrangement. The result of these models was then used to establish the need of provision of diaphragm in bridges. Results of the study clearly show that beyond a certain skew angle, presence of intermediate diaphragms in the girder induce additional forces in the girder which was not there when diaphragms were removed. Absence of diaphragm gives forty percent torsion, thirty percent deflection, ten percent axial forces, ten percent bending force or ten percent shear forces reduction in bridge superstructure in comparison to original diaphragm condition. As the skew angle increases against the alignment of bridges, construction becomes more difficult, the nomenclature of force in not symmetrical, when lateral forces act they damage the girder and the usefulness of the diaphragm becomes uncertain. The cost of construction, maintenance and technical fault of the bridge can be decreased if it is determined at the conclusion of this investigation that diaphragms are not necessary for the bridge's overall performance. According to the results, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals No 9 or 11. Sustainable Development Goals No 9 is “industry, innovation and infrastructure” and Sustainable Development Goals No 11 is “Sustainable cities and communities”