Fabrication of CoxV1-xO8 with Sulphur Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Energy Storage Devices
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Date
2023
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UMT, Lhr
Abstract
Now a day's world is moving toward sustainable energy development as fossil fuels are agility depleting. The most advance method of sustainable energy are the energy storage devices due to their long life cycle and high energy density. Recently lithium ion batteries are widely used in portable electric devices like laptop computers, vehicles and cell phones. Solid state rechargeable batteries are usually composed of electrolyte, anode and cathode. However, can't meet the requirement due to its poor capacity and low voltage. Usually, the negative charge electrode of traditional Li-ion cell is a graphite and it composed of carbon. However, positively charge electrode is mostly composed of MnO2. Li-salt act as an electrolyte in any organic solvent. During charging and discharging, there is a separator between cathode and anode which prevent both electrodes from shorting. A metal piece known as collector helps to separate these electrodes from external electrical circuit. Metal vanadates has received great attention as ideal anode materials for energy storage devices due to high capability of lithium ions storage. A variety of metal vanadates like Zn3V2O8, Cu3V3O8, and FeVO4 were synthesized and investigated. Cobalt vanadate is an important class of metal vanadates, having high lithium storage capacity. Various methods are used for the synthesis of these vanadates. Some of these methods include solid state and electrospinning. These vanadates have various applications i.e electrode sensing, electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction, water oxidation and in the field of Li-ion batteries. Among all these, hydrothermal method is a simple, cost effective and environment friendly method. Another advantage of this method is that all types of vanadates can be prepared from this method. In order to increase the storage capacity of lithium ion batteries, Co3V2O8 nanoparticles were fabricated with S-g-C3N4, a single step hydrothermal method was selected to synthesize cobalt vanadate nanoparticles, a series of cobalt vanadate (CoxV1-xO8) nanoparticles were synthesized by changing the weight percentage of cobalt (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt %) and composite of 2 % Co3V2O8 on S-g-C3N4 by changing weight percentage of S-g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 wt %). Annealing temperature changes the surface area of the bulk cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4 samples. Nickel foam was employed as working electrode. Nickel foam was modified with cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4 nanocomposite and used to perform electrochemical activity. The surface morphology and structure of synthesized material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD patterns showed the synthesized material is of high crystallinity with average crystallite size of 48.16 nm. The crystallite size was calculated by using Scherer equation. The SEM images revealed that cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4 nanocomposite have uniform surface morphology. The FT-IR spectroscopy explained stretching vibration of all possible bonds present in cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4. In comparison to all of the prepared samples, composites of 30 % cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4 gives high specific capacity toward anodic efficiency of energy storage devices. Moreover, cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4 gives high discharge specific capacity of 432 mAhg−1 at a current density of 1.0 Ag−1 and 326 mAhg−1 at a current density of 2.0 Ag−1. The cobalt vanadate doped S-g-C3N4 also delivered a remarkable energy density of 96 Wh/Kg with a power density of 275 W/Kg. Thus present synthetic approach provides a solution to enhance the cyclic stability and specific capacity of the electrode for the lithium ion batteries. Studying their electrochemical properties, it is suggested that 30 % cobalt vanadate doped S-g C3N4 would be used as potential anode material for sustainable energy development in energy storage devices in future.