Dark tetrad, embitterment and interpersonal difficulties among law and other students

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dc.contributor.authorTooba Zafar
dc.contributor.authorMarrium Shafqat
dc.contributor.authorTahreem Hashim
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-25T05:51:27Z
dc.date.available2025-11-25T05:51:27Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe research aimed to investigate the relationship between dark tetrad, embitterment and interpersonal difficulties among law and other students. This is a quantitative correlational study using a non-probability purposive sampling strategy. A total of 261 university students with ages ranging from 17-28 were sampled. Data was collected through questionnaires using dark tetrad (SD4), embitterment scale (ES), and interpersonal difficulties scale (IDS). The findings of the study revealed that, there is a significant positive correlation between dark tetrad, embitterment and interpersonal difficulties. Machiavellianism and embitterment were found to be good predictors of lack of boundaries-a subscale of interpersonal difficulties. Law students and embitterment were found to be good predictors of mistrust-a subscale of interpersonal difficulties. Females exhibited higher score on over sensitiveness-a subscale of embitterment and male exhibited higher score on sadism-a subscale of dark tetrad and egocentrism-a subscale of embitterment. Law students exhibited higher score on mistrust-a subscale of interpersonal difficulties, as compared to non-law students. The findings will have major implications for universities in preventing interpersonal difficulties in students, and in promoting development of intervention strategies to cater the influence of dark personality traits and embitterment.
dc.identifier.urihttps://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/12677
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUMT, Lahore
dc.titleDark tetrad, embitterment and interpersonal difficulties among law and other students
dc.typeThesis
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