UNPACKING WORKPLACE DYNAMICS
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Date
2024-09-18
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UMT, Lahore
Abstract
The workplace environment is significant and plays a vital role in the progress of any
organization. That’s make important to identify factors that affect the workplace harmony. This
research explores the workplace dynamics and investigate the factors affecting insubordination
under the lens of social overload, employees’ mental health, perceived work overload and the
exploitative leadership. The first main purpose of this research is to examine the effects of social
overload on insubordination. The second objective is to investigate the impact of social overload
on insubordination through the sequential mediation of employees’ mental health and perceived
work overload. The third objective is to assess the moderation of exploitative leadership on the
relationship between perceived work overload and insubordination at the workplace. The affect
theory, which examines emotions in-depth, supports our research. This is a quantitative study
following a positivist philosophy approach, making it objective in nature. A convenience sampling
method was used to collect data from employees working in the telecom sector in Lahore, Punjab.
It is a time-lag study with 550 questionnaires distributed at the first point in time and 309
distributed at the second point, from which 250 were fully completed and used for analysis. Data
were analyzed through PLS-PM and SEMINR using R Studio, a statistical package. Various
statistical techniques were used, including demographic analysis, Model Goodness Fit Indexes,
factor loading and reliability analysis, composite reliability analysis, correlation and descriptive
analysis, Fornell and Larcker criterion, Heterotrait-Monotrait Analysis, and direct, indirect,
sequential, and interaction term analysis. Twelve hypotheses were proposed and statistically
accepted. The results indicate that employees’ mental health is disturbed by extensive social media
use, leading to perceived work overload and ultimately causing insubordination at the workplace.
Additionally, this relationship is amplified in the presence of exploitative leadership. This research
contributes theoretically to the body of knowledge and provides practical guidance for
management to control factors contributing to insubordination while making policies. The research
also has limitations, such as the sampling technique, focus on one sector, and data collected from
a specific cultural region. Future research should test this model in other sectors with different
sampling techniques and larger sample sizes, and consider incorporating additional variables such
as psychological capital, hope and resilience, organizational support, transformational leadership,
and paradoxical leadership