Browsing by Author "Zafar Iqbal"

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    Four-letter words and the Urdu learner's dictionaries in Pakistan
    (Language in India, 2010-10-10) Mahmood Ahmad; Zafar Iqbal
    The paper aims to analyze the way the Urdu learner's dictionaries treat the taboo/four letter words. In the characteristic Pakistani context, most of the taboo words are related to sexual organs, acts and excretions. In the present study, the macro-and micro-structures of the selected dictionaries have been analyzed to find out (i) whether the taboo words have been included or not (ii) whether meanings have been defined and exemplified in an appropriate manner. It was revealed that the treatment given to the taboo words in the dictionaries selected for investigation was shabby. This is a matter of grave concern as it is tantamount to depriving the users of the much-needed information about the most important aspect of their lives -sex. It seems that these words have been treated in this way in the dictionaries under the misplaced notions of decency and modesty. The paper concludes with the observation that the inclusion of the taboo words in the dictionary and provision of explicit and precise information on them will enhance the users' awareness of the word as well as the world.
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    Implementation of telemedicine using pacs in Developing countries
    (UMT.Lahore, 2011) Zafar Iqbal
    Healthcare is the most fundamental right of every human. Developing countries such as Pakistan are facing healthcare crisis. Main problems include poor infrastructure of facilities and economic conditions, insufficient means of diagnosis, scarcity of expert doctors and low doctor-patient communication. As a result, the healthcare problems are increasing, and the prevention, treatment and curing of the acute and common diseases have become difficult to unmanageable extent. Therefore, to minimize the healthcare problems in developing countries, there is a dire need of developing an effective healthcare system at minimal cost. Over the years technologies have provided extra intelligent and versatile solutions to many large and complex problems and now it has also been successfully used inhealthcare domain. Therefore it appears that Telemedicine is the best solution to problems of healthcare. Telemedicine provides the most effective and economical solution to the better health care in both urban and rural areas. Existing Telemedicine solutions are without Picture Archiving & Communication System (PACS), so they have less ability to diagnose diseases, they are unable to reduce or even maintain the doctor to patient ratio. This thesis has put a specific focus of Telemedicine and PACS integration to considerably reduce the doctor to patient ratio in developing countries.Teleradiology is the most crucial in diagnosing the various diseases and this thesis proposes the use of Teleradiology in Telemedicine which accounts for a minimum of 50% of all telemedicine setup & usage. Teleradiology is the e-transmission of images of the patients, which include X-ray, CT scan. Ultrasound, Mammography, MRI, cardiology imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging etc. Two major purposes of this transmission are interpretation and consultation. Radiologists are becoming a very scarce resource in medical field. The imaging procedures are growing very high annually, round the globe, against a very little increase in the radiologists' population. Imaging plays a very vital role in health care and is extensively used for the diagnosis of diseases. Medical images are of very heavy sizes (as compared to the medical textual data), so they are difficult to handle over the local network and internet. Therefore, this thesis put a rigid and specific focus on compression, transmission, and interpretation of medical imaging; and their related protocols & systems such as Radiology Information System (RIS), Digital Imaging & Communication in Medicine (DICOM), Picture Archiving & Communication System (PACS), Health Level 7 (HL7), and many other network technologies. This thesis demonstrates a case study showing the feasibility and implementation of the Teleradiology solution for the healthcare problems, discussed earlier.
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    Structure preserving computational techniques for fractional order nonlinear dynamical systems
    (UMT Lahore, 2022-06-23) Zafar Iqbal
    The indispensable aspiration of this study is to figure out some reliable and robust numerical de- sign for fractional-order nonlinear dynamical systems. The projected schemes are designed by the hybridization of the nonstandard finite difference (nsfd) scheme and grunwald letnikov ap- proximation. The proposed scheme is implemented on five different nonlinear dynamical systems. The current work is split into two types of models i.e. autocatalytic chemical reaction model and contagious pathogen epidemic models. For both types of models, a hybrid numerical algorithm coined as grunwald-letnikov non-standard the finite difference method is proposed and applied to these nonlinear systems. The paramount traits of the continuous systems are assessed analytically, while the important physical features of the contemplated schemes are inspected mathematically and graphically. The state variables engaged in these models to represent the concentrations of the chemical species or the sizes of demography, which are the number of individuals under study. So, positivity is the foremost property of the solution. Moreover, the continuous systems acquire stable steady states. Therefore, the devised numerical plan must preserve all the structural properties of the model under investigation. The stability of the model is described with the help of the jacobian matrix theory. On the other hand, the stability of the numerical pattern is studied by some standard results, for instance, the routh hurwitz criteria. A number of examples are presented to support the assertions and pre-results. All the key features of the prescribed numerical designs are ascertained by the computer simulations.