Browsing by Author "Syeda Um E Laila Naqvi"

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    Integration of seven models of quality education at university level in context of Pakistan
    (UMT Lahore, 2023) Syeda Um E Laila Naqvi
    The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated model, which was based on seven, or Multi-models of quality education, given by Cheng and Tam (1997). Integration in the field of higher education is necessary as it involves everyone within the institution at all levels to move towards quality assurance all together. It was a grounded theory research as the researcher compared the practices of universities of Pakistan and based on those practices the researcher developed an integrated model. To achieve the purpose of this study the researcher explored the TQM approaches of Quality Enhancement Cells of public and private universities of Pakistan. The researcher visited three public and three private universities where data was collected using interviews from 20 QEC personnel. The QEC personnel were selected using theoretical sampling as initial data collection made the researcher realise to reach saturation more interviews were needed. The data was analysed using Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) coding technique. Open, Axial and Selective coding was conducted to identify the theme and sub-themes of this study. After thematic analysis based on the responses of the interviewees an integrated model of Total Educational Quality Management (TEQM) was developed. TEQM model was relevant to social context of Pakistan as it was observed through reviewed literature. The government of Pakistan and universities of Pakistan were recommended to adopt TEQM model in order to enhance the quality assurance practice of higher education institutes (HEIs). It was also recommended that future researchers should test this model using quantifiable measures.