Browsing by Author "Saadia Andleeb"

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    Bacteriophages: an overview of the control strategies against multiple bacterial infections in different fields
    (Journal of basic microbiology, 2018) Mohsin Jamal; Sayed M. A. U. S. Bukhari; Saadia Andleeb; Muhammad Ali; Sana Raza; Muhammad A. Nawaz; Tahir Hussain; Sadeeq u. Rahman; Syed S. A. Shah
    Bacteriophages (phages/viruses) need host bacteria to replicate and propagate. Primarily,abacteriophagecontainsahead/capsidtoencapsidatethegeneticmaterial. Somephagescontaintails.Phagesencodeendolysinstohydrolyzebacterialcellwall. The two main classes of phages are lytic or virulent and lysogenic or temperate. In comparison with antibiotics, to deal with bacterial infections, phage therapy is thought to be more effective. In 1921, the use of phages against bacterial infections was first demonstrated. Later on, in humans, phage therapy was used to treat skin infections caused by Pseudomonas species. Furthermore, phages were successfully employed against infections in animals – calves, lambs, and pigs infected with Escherichiacoli.Inagriculture,forinstance,phageshavesuccessfullybeenusede.g., Appleblossominfection,causedbyErwiniaamylovora,waseffectivelycateredwith the use of bacteriophages. Bacteriophages were also used to control E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter contamination in food. Comparatively, phage display is a recently discovered technology, whereby, bacteriophages play a significant role. This review is an effort to collect almost recent and relevant information regarding applications and complications associated with the use of bacteriophages.
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    Isolation, characterization and efficacy of phage mj2 against biofilm forming multi-drug resistant enterobacter cloacae
    (Folia microbiologica, 2018) Mohsin Jamal; Saadia Andleeb; Fazal Jalil; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Asif Nawaz; Tahir Hussain; Muhammad Ali; Sadeeq ur Rahman; Rajanna Das, Chythanya
    Biofilm is involved in a variety of infections, playing a critical role in the chronicity of infections. Enterobacter cloacae is a biofilm-formingandmulti-drug-resistant(MDR)nosocomialpathogenleadingtosignificantmorbidityandmortality.Thisstudy aimed at isolation of a bacteriophage against MDR clinical strain of E. cloacae and its efficacy against bacterial planktonic cells andbiofilm.AbacteriophageMJ2wassuccessfullyisolatedfromwastewaterandwascharacterized.Thephageexhibitedawide range of thermal and pH stability and demonstrated considerable adsorption to host bacteria in the presence of CaCl2 or MgCl2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed MJ2 head as approximately 62 and 54 nm width and length, respectively. It had a short non-contractile tail and was characterized as a member of the family Podoviridae [order Caudovirales]. The phage MJ2wasfoundtopossess11structuralproteins(12–150kDa)andadouble-strandedDNA genomewith anapproximate sizeof 40kb.Thelog-phasegrowthofE.cloacaebothinbiofilmandsuspensionwassignificantlyreducedbythephage.TheE.cloacae biofilm was formed under different conditions to evaluate the efficacy of MJ2 phage. Variable reduction pattern of E. cloacae biofilmwasobservedwhiletreatingitfor4hwithMJ2,i.e.,biofilmunderstaticconditions.Therenewedmediawithintervalsof 24, 72, and 120 h showed biomass decline of 2.8-, 3-, and 3.5-log, respectively. Whereas, the bacterial biofilm formed with dynamic conditions with refreshing media after 24, 72, and 120 h demonstrated decline in growth at 2.5-, 2.6-, and 3.3-log, respectively. It was, therefore, concluded that phage MJ2 possessed considerable inhibitory effects on MDR E. cloacae both in planktonic and biofilm forms.