Browsing by Author "SHABANA AZIZ"

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    Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of copper
    (UMT, Lahore, 2022) SHABANA AZIZ
    The effect of pressure variation of two environmental gases, argon and helium on the copper plasma parameters electron temperature and electron number density (Te and Ne) has been investigated by using the LIBS technique. Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) with pulsed energy of 200 mJ and laser irradiance of 141.9 GW/cm2 was used as an irradiating source. The pressure range of argon and helium environmental gases varies from 5 Torr to 500 Torr at fixed energy. The Te of copper plasma was evaluated by using Boltzmann’s distribution method and Ne was measured by using the Stark broadening effect. The environmental gases were used for the enhancement of spectral lines and confinement of the copper plasma. The Te was found from 10000 Kelvins to 12500 Kelvins in the argon gas and ranges from 9000 Kelvins to 11500 Kelvins in helium gas. The Ne was measured ranging from 1.1300 × 1018 cm-3 to 1.15900 × 1018 cm-3 for the argon as an ambient environment and the helium as ambient gas ranging from 1.11300 × 1018 cm-3 to 1.13300 × 1018 cm-3. The results revealed that the Te and Ne showed an increasing trend with the increasing ambient pressure and start to decrease with the further increase in the pressure. The nature of gas and pressure variation of environmental gases highly influenced the characteristics of copper plasma.