Browsing by Author "Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq"

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    Frequency analysis and selection for cognitive radio using fuzzy logic system
    (Pensee Journal, 2014) Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Sarwar Ehsan; G.Jaffar; I.Khan; S.B.Nasir; Koudelka, Otto
    The spectrum scarcity is a great challenge in the future development of wireless communication devices. The idea of Cognitive radio was proposed for the solution of this problem. The research work presented in this paper addresses the Frequency Analysis and Selection for Cognitive Radio (CR) using Fuzzy logic based Adaptive Control System. Fuzzy logic controller FLC is designed for this purpose to optimize the use of available radiofrequency (RF) spectrum resources while minimizing the chances of interference due to primary users. The FLC is used to deal with the incompleteness, uncertainty and heterogeneity of a cognitive radio scenario. Two cascaded fuzzy logic controllers are used. The first fuzzy inference system takes four inputs i.e. environment condition, distance between primary user and the secondary user, speed of secondary user and signal power received at SU (Psu). The only one output of FLC-1 is Psu, which is the signal power of secondary user (SU). The second fuzzy inference system FLC-2 will take four inputs i.e. transmission power of SU (Psu), signal to noise ratio (SNRpu), used frequency spectrum and duration of used frequency. The result of FLC-2 is appeared in the form of available frequency hole.
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    GUI based fuzzy logic control system
    (Science International., 2016) Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq
    The work presented in this paper addresses a generalized graphic user interface(GUI) based Fuzzy Logic Control System(FLCS) to design, edit and execute control system. The proposed system is a user friendly and easy to implement. It helps the user to create a fuzzy logic system in simple steps, inserting the names and membership functions details of all inputs and outputs defining the rule base for FLCS. Detailed structure of the system and design of modules, fuzzifier, inference engine, rule base and defuzzifier were discussed. The results of proposed model were compared with the results of MATLAB Simulink. This research work proposed to develop a novel control system to create and succeed FLCS in few steps efficiently.
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    Spectrum scheduling: the key factor for maximum throughput and optimal resource utilization in cognitive radio netwok
    (Science International Lahore, 2014) Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Muhammad Shoaib Hanif; Muhammad Saleem Khan; Koudelka, Otto
    The problem of spectrum scarcity becomes with the new devices and applications of wireless communication. The solution of this problem is the cognitive radio Networks. This paper presents the different scheduling techniques for the secondary user and evaluated the results of maximum throughput and optimal resource utilization based on evaluation results of different scheduling techniques introduced at that time for cognitive radio networks. The research proposes one of the key challenges in spectrum sharing that is spectrum scheduling. And on the base of these results we evaluated that spectrum scheduling for secondary user is the key factor for maximum throughput and optimal resource utilization in cognitive radio networks.
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    A vision based approach for Pakistan sign language alphabets recognition
    (Pensee Journal, 2014) Nabeel Sabir Khan; Adnan Shahzada; Saleem Ata; Adnan Abid; Yaser Daanial khan; Muhammad Shoaib Farooq; Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Inayat Khan
    There is a persistent communication barrierbetween the deaf and normal community becausea normal person has no or limited fluency with thesign language. A person with hear-impairment hasto express himself via interpreters or text writing.This inability to communicate effectively between thetwo groups affects their interpersonal relationships.There are about 0.24 million Pakistanis who are eitherdeaf or mute and they communicate through PakistanSign Language(PSL). In this research work a systemfor recognizing hand gestures for Pakistan Sign Languagealphabets in unimpeded environment is proposed. A digitalcamera is used to acquire PSL alphabet’s images withrandom background. These images are preprocessedfor hand detection using skin classification filter. Thesystem uses discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for featureextraction.Artificial neural network(ANN) withbackpropagation learning algorithm is employed torecognize the sign feature vectors. The dataset contains500 samples of Pakistan Sign Language alphabets withvarious background environments. The experimentsshow that the classification accuracy of the proposedsystem for the selected PSL alphabets is 86.40%.
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    Welch periodogram detector for qpsk based awgn base-band and pass-band cognitive radio systems
    (2013) Muhammad Tahir Mushtaq; Ghulam Jaffer; Muhammad Saleem Khan
    The idea of software defined radio was proposed by J. Mittola. It was a radio designed on programmable chips. The idea of SDR was further enhanced in the form of Cognitive radios. It was proposed by the J.Mittola for the solution of the Spectrum Scarcity problem. Cognitive Radio based networks have the two types of users. One type of the users is known as primary users and the other are known as the secondary users. The Primary users are licensed users and the secondary users are the cognitive users(unlicensed) users .The Primary users have the priority of spectrum usage .While the cognitive user have the opportunistic nature of the spectrum usage . Cognitive user can use the primary user’s frequency when the spectrum holes (primary user is not communicating) are available. There are many signal processing operations in the background of the Cognitive Radios. One of these operations is the Spectrum sensing. Signal detection theory is used for the separation and recognition of information from the noise buried background and mitigation of interference. The spectrum sensing (primary user detection in licensed spectrum) is the most important task and fundamental problem in Cognitive Radio systems and networks. This requirement reborn the spectrum sensing as an active research area. Various Parametric and Non parametric Spectrum Sensing techniques are used for the spectrum hole detection. Welch periodogram is the energy based detection technique. It uses the Barlett windowing function. This is an easy to implement, simple real time and fast Spectrum sensing technique. Welch periodogram needs less prior information about the source signal and propagation channel. In this paper, Welch periodogram detector is used for the signal detection in QPSK based Base-band and Pass- band signal detection through AWGN channel. The technique is successfully implemented up to SNR =-30 dB Welch periodogram provides an easy and simple solution for the detection of spectrum hole and mitigation of noise in cognitive radio systems and networks.